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Thermodynamic driving mechanisms for the formation of global precipitation extremes and ecohydrological effects

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第1期66卷 92-110页

作者： Jiabo YIN Shenglian guO Jun WANG Jie CHEN quan ZHANG Lei gu Yan YANG Jing TIAN Lihua XIONG Yao ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial Information Technology of MNR Chinese Academy of Surveying and MappingBeijing 100830China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Global warming has altered the thermodynamic and dynamic environments of climate systems,affecting the biogeochemical processes between the geosphere and atmosphere,which has significant impacts on precipitation extremes and the terrestrial carbon budget of *** studies have reported a hook structure for precipitation extreme-temperature relationships but have rarely examined the underlying physical *** studies have also failed to quantify the impact of precipitation on ecosystem productivity,hindering the assessment of future extreme climatic hazards and potential ecosystem *** reveal the thermodynamic driving mechanisms for the formation of global precipitation extremes and ecohydrological effects,this study utilizes over ten multisource datasets(i.e.,satellite,reanalysis,climate model,land surface model,machine learning reconstruction,and flux tower measurements).We first assess the response of water-heat-carbon flux to precipitation extremes and explain the underlying physical mechanisms behind the hook structures in terms of atmospheric thermodynamics and *** on outputs from five global climate models(GCMs)under ISIMIP3b,we project future changes in the hook structures as well as their impacts on precipitation ***,we discuss the impact of precipitation on the terrestrial carbon budget by using outputs from the CLM4.5 *** results show that precipitation extremes are usually accompanied by strong exchanges of water and heat and demonstrate a nonlinear relationship between precipitation and ecosystem *** intensity(duration)of extreme precipitation is intensifying(decreasing)over most areas of the globe,whereas three-dimensional precipitation events are becoming more *** dynamics play a key role in shaping the hook *** structure is not stable;it shifts under climate change and is projected to result in a 10–40%intensification in precipitation by the end of

关键词： Climate change Precipitation extremes Thermodynamics Ecosystem Carbon budget

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Electrical and optical properties of ZnO:Al films with different hydrogen contents in sputtering gas

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Rare Metals 2015年第3期34卷 173-177页

作者： Fei Qu Teng Zhang Hong-Wei gu Qing-quan Qiu Fa-Zhu Ding Xing-Yu Peng Hong-Yan Wang Applied Superconductors Key Laboratory Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy Sciences

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide （ZnO：AI） films were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering in incorporating hydrogen in sputtering gas at room temper- ature. The influences of hydrogen content in sputtering gas on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO：A1 films were systematically investigated. It is found that hydrogen incorporated into ZnO lattice forms shallow donors in ZnO：A1 films and plays an important role in the properties of ZnO：A1 films. The electrical conductivity and infrared （IR） reflectance are improved due to the increase of electron carrier concentration, and the average trans- mittance decreases, which is ascribed to the strong scat- tering from the hydrogen incorporated and oxygen vacancies in ZnO：A1 films. In this study, the resistivity of 5.5 × 10-4 Ω.cm is obtained, the average transmittance of the wavelength in the range of 400-900 nm is almost 86 %, and the IR reflectance reaches 75 % at 2,500 nm, which is higher than that of reported TCO films. The band gap determined by optical absorption is a result of com- petition between Burstein-Moss effect and many-body perturbation effect. However, the hydrogen content in sputtering gas is above 10 %, and the optical band gap shift is independent of hydrogen content in sputtering gas.

关键词： ZnO:A1 thin films Hydrogen Electricalresistivity Transmittance IR reflectance

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Jellyfish Green Fluorescent Protein(GFP) as a Reporter for Fusarium gramminearum Development on Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2177-2183页

作者： QI Jun-xian LIU Tai-guo XU Ying CHEN Huai-gu GAO Li LIU Bo CHEN Wan-quan State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The plasmid pGPDGFP under the control ofpgpdA promotor was used together with vector pAN7-1 containing the hygromycin resistance cassette to co-transform protoplasts of HG1, Fusarium graminearum from Hubei Province, China. Twelve out of 14 hygromycin-resistant transformants showed green signal under the UV light and contained one or several copies ofgfp, as indicated by Southern analysis of genomic DNA digested with different restriction enzymes and hybridized to the gfp probe. A single gfp copy transformant （HG1C5） was selected for further evaluation of 80 Chinese wheat cultivars or advanced lines. The results showed different resistance type to F. graminearum were observed. GFP signals observed in the rachis and adjacent spikes of 70 Chinese wheat lines such as Chuanchongzu 104 indicated both type I （host resistance to the initial infection by the fungus） and type II （resistance to the spread of FHB symptoms within an infected spike） were not observed. While other 10 lines showed type II resistance to F. graminearum with GFP signals only in inoculated spikelets. Development of the mycelium can be intuitively observed and the resistance of wheat to F. graminearum can be identified at 7 days post inoculation （dpi） in this way. The results showed no differences were evaluated between the transformed HG1C5 and the non-transgene artificial inoculation by SAS paired chi-square test and McNernar＇s test （P=-0.0625）.

关键词： Fusarium head blight (FHB) green fluorescent protein (GFP) resistance evaluation

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Angle-closure glaucoma with attenuated mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅠin a Chinese family

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第11期14卷 1799-1801页

作者： Yan Liu Li Dai Ran Long Fu quan Chao gu Ling Yu Department of Ophthalmology the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Radiology the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina

Dear Editor,I am *** Liu,from the Department of Ophthalmology,the Afliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou,China.I write to present a rare case of angle-closure glaucoma(ACG)with attenuated mucopolysac... 详细信息

关键词： closure glaucoma China

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MonkeyTrail:A scalable video-based method for tracking macaque movement trajectory in daily living cages

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Zoological Research 2022年第3期43卷 343-351页

作者： Meng-Shi Liu Jin-quan Gao gu-Yue Hu guang-Fu Hao Tian-Zi Jiang Chen Zhang Shan Yu Brainnetome Center Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Technology Management Center SAFE Pharmaceutical Technology Co.Ltd.Beijing 100176China Model R&D Center Beijing Life Biosciences Co.Ltd.Beijing 100176China Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan 611731China Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repairand Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Current address:School of Computing National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore

Behavioral analysis of macaques provides important experimental evidence in the field of *** recent years,video-based automatic animal behavior analysis has received widespread ***,methods capable of extracting and analyzing daily movement trajectories of macaques in their daily living cages remain underdeveloped,with previous approaches usually requiring specific environments to reduce interference from occlusion or environmental ***,we introduce a novel method,called MonkeyTrail,which satisfies the above requirements by frequently generating virtual empty backgrounds and using background subtraction to accurately obtain the foreground of moving *** empty background is generated by combining the frame difference method(FDM)and deep learning-based model(YOLOv5).The entire setup can be operated with low-cost hardware and can be applied to the daily living environments of individually caged *** test MonkeyTrail performance,we labeled a dataset containing>8000 video frames with the bounding boxes of macaques under various conditions as *** showed that the tracking accuracy and stability of MonkeyTrail exceeded that of two deep learningbased methods(YOLOv5 and Single-Shot MultiBox Detector),traditional frame difference method,and na?ve background subtraction *** MonkeyTrail to analyze long-term surveillance video recordings,we successfully assessed changes in animal behavior in terms of movement amount and spatial ***,these findings demonstrate that MonkeyTrail enables low-cost,large-scale daily behavioral analysis of macaques.

关键词： Movement trajectory tracking Video-based behavioral analyses Background subtraction Virtual empty background Occlusion

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Unexpected Synthesis of 2,2'-[1-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)propane-2,2-diyl]bis(5-methoxy-3-methylbenzofuran)

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2005年第12期16卷 1581-1583页

作者： Yu Dong SHEN Hai Qiang WU Lin Kun AN Zhi Shu HUANG Xian Zhang BU Lian quan gu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080

A new bisbenzofuran analogue Ⅶ was achieved unexpectedly in one step procedure from 1-（4-methoxyphenoxy）acetone Ⅰ by using Amberlyst 15 resin as catalyst in excellent yield. The structure was elucidated by spectro... 详细信息

关键词： Benzofuran Amberlyst 15 resin cyclization

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Surgical treatment of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects in boys:which approach is suitable?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第3期22卷 292-295页

作者： Lin Wang Hai-Lin guo Hui-quan Shu Jie gu Chong-Rui Jin Fang Chen Ying-Long Sa Department of Urology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai 200233China Department of Urology Shanghai Children's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200062China Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction Shanghai 200233China

Pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects(PFUDDs)are relatively infrequent in boys,and treatment for PFUDDs presents one of the most difficult problems in urological *** urethroplasty is considered an ideal surgical procedure for PFUDDs in ***,various surgical approaches for anastomotic urethroplasty have been proposed,including a simple transperineal approach,a tran sperineal in tercorporal septal separati on approach,a tran sperineal in ferior pubic approach,and a combined transpubic・perineal *** study aims to determine which surgical approach is best for PFUDDs in *** retrospectively identified 22 boys with PFUDDs aged 2-14 years who underwent anastomotic urethroplasty via different approaches between January 2008 and December ***-up was performed in all the 22 patients for 6-123(mean:52.0)***,20 of the 22 boys(90.9%)were successfully treated,including 1 of 2 patients treated with a simple transperineal approach,3 of 3 with a transperineal approach with intercorporal septal separation,14 of 15 with a transperineal inferior pubic approach,and 2 of 2 with a combined transpubic-perineal *** patients had failed outcomes after the operation,and stenosis *** on the outcome of the 22 patients,we can draw a preliminary conclusion that most boys(20/22)can be treated with a transperineal inferior pubic approach or simpler procedures without the need of completely removing or incising the *** combined transpubic-perineal approach can be used in cases of extremely long urethral distract defects.

关键词： children pelvic fracture posttraumatic urethra urethral stenosis

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Combined molybdenum target X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging examinations improve breast cancer diagnostic efficacy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第2期10卷 485-491页

作者： Wen-quan gu Sun-Mei Cai Wei-Dong Liu Qi Zhang Ying Shi Li-Juan Du Department of Radiology Punan HospitalShanghai 200126China

BACKGROUND Early-stage breast cancer patients often lack specific clinical manifestations,making diagnosis *** target X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations both have their own ***,a combined examination methodology may improve early breast cancer *** To explore the combined diagnostic efficacy of molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations in breast *** Patients diagnosed with breast cancer at our hospital from March 2019 to April 2021 were recruited,as were the same number of patients during the same period with benign breast *** groups underwent molybdenum target X-ray and MRI examinations,and diagnoses were given based on each *** single(i.e.,X-ray or MRI)and combined(i.e.,using both methods)diagnoses were counted,and the MRI-related examination parameters(e.g.,T-wave peak,peak and early enhancement rates,and apparent diffusion coefficient)were compared between the *** In total,63 breast cancer patients and 63 benign breast tumor patients were *** detected 53 breast cancer cases and 61 benign breast tumor *** target X-ray detected 50 breast cancer cases and 60 benign breast tumor *** combined methodology detected 61 breast cancer cases and 61 benign breast tumor *** sensitivity(96.83%)and accuracy(96.83%)of the combined methodology were higher than single-method MRI(84.13%and 90.48%,respectively)and molybdenum target X-ray(79.37%and 87.30%,respectively)(P0.05).The Twave peak(169.43±32.05)and apparent diffusion coefficient(1.01±0.23)were lower in the breast cancer group than in the benign tumor group(228.86±46.51 and 1.41±0.35,respectively).However,the peak enhancement rate(1.08±0.24)and early enhancement rate(1.07±0.26)were significantly higher in the breast cancer group than in the benign tumor group(0.83±0.1

关键词： Molybdenum X-rays Magnetic resonance imaging Breast neoplasms Early diagnosis Radiology

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Potential therapeutic role of spermine via Rac1 in osteoporosis:Insights from zebrafish and mice

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 367-380页

作者： Rui-Xue Jiang Nan Hu Yu-Wei Deng Long-Wei Hu Hao gu Nan Luo Jin Wen Xin-quan Jiang Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011China College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsShanghai 200125China Department of Endodontics Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200011China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200011China Department of Preventive Dentistry Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200011China

Osteoporosis(OP)is a prevalent metabolic bone *** drug therapy is essential to prevent bone loss in osteoporotic patients,current treatments are limited by side effects and high costs,necessitating the development of more effective and safer targeted *** a zebrafish(Danio rerio)larval model of osteoporosis,we explored the influence of the metabolite spermine on bone *** showed that spermine exhibited dual activity in osteoporotic zebrafish larvae by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone *** not only demonstrated excellent biosafety but also mitigated prednisolone-induced embryonic neurotoxicity and ***,spermine showcased protective attributes in the nervous systems of both zebrafish embryos and *** the molecular level,Rac1 was identified as playing a pivotal role in mediating the antiosteoporotic effects of spermine,with P53 potentially acting downstream of *** findings were confirmed using mouse(Mus musculus)models,in which spermine not only ameliorated osteoporosis but also promoted bone formation and mineralization under healthy conditions,suggesting strong potential as a bonestrengthening *** study underscores the beneficial role of spermine in osteoporotic bone homeostasis and skeletal system development,highlighting pivotal molecular *** their efficacy and safety,human endogenous metabolites like spermine are promising candidates for new anti-osteoporotic drug development and daily bone-fortifying agents.

关键词： Osteoporosis Spermine Rac1 Zebrafish Mice

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Molecular composition of low-temperature oxidation products of the heavy oil

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 3264-3271页

作者： Shuai Ma Yun-Yun Li Ri-gu Su Xu-Sheng Wang Jing-Jun Pan quan Shi guang-Zhi Liao Chun-Ming Xu State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center(PMEC)China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Engineering Technology Research Institute of PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay834000XinjiangChina CAS Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Lanzhou730000GansuChina PetroChina Exploration&Production Company Beijing100007China

Low-temperature oxidation(LTO)is the main reaction that affects fuel formation in the in-situ combustion process,which has important significance for the subsequent combustion propulsion and the successful extraction of crude *** this study,heavy oil was subjected to LTO reactions at different *** types of reaction products with varying oxidation depths were characterized in terms of the number of oxygen atoms and the polarity of the molecule to reveal the low-temperature oxidation process of the heavy *** compounds and acid polyoxides in the oil phase and deep oxidation products with a higher number of oxygen atoms in the coke were identified with increasing oxidation *** experimental results showed that the oxidation reaction of the heavy oil changed from kinetic-controlled to diffusion-controlled in the open oxidation system of the heavy oil as the oxidation depth *** oxidation reaction of the oil phase reached a maximum and stable value in oxygen *** molecular compositions of the ketone compound and acid polyoxide did not change significantly with further increase in reaction *** molecular compositions of the deep oxidation products with a higher number of oxygen atoms in the coke phase changed *** coke precursor molecules with a lower oxygen content and condensation degree participated in the coke formation,and the oxidation reaction pathway and the complexity of the oxidation product component also increased.

关键词： Low-temperature oxidation In-situ combustion Heavy oil Coke precursor Molecular composition

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