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Contribution of Satellite Observations in the Op.ical and Microp.ysical Characterization of Aerosols in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Atmosp.eric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 154-171页

作者： Nébon Bado Serge Dimitri Bazyomo Germain Wende p.uiré Ouedraogo Bruno Korgo Mamadou Simina Dramé florent p. kieno Sié Kam Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (L.E.T.RE) Université Joseph KI ZERBO Ouaga Burkina Faso Laboratoire de p.ysique de l’Atmosp.ère et de l’Océan Siméon-Fongang Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar-Fann Sénégal Institute of Mathematics and p.ysical Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Porto-Novo Benin

In this work, we p.oceed to an op.ical and microp.ysical analysis of the observations reversed by the MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR and OMI sensors with the aim of p.op.sing the best-adap.ed airborne sensor for better monitoring of aerosols in Burkina Faso. To this end, a comp.rison of AOD between satellite observations and in situ measurements at the Ouagadougou site reveals an underestimation of AERONET AOD excep. for OMI which overestimates them. Also, an inter-comp.rison done based on the linear regression line rep.esentation shows the correlation between the aerosol models incorp.rated in the airborne sensor inversion algorithms and the aerosol p.p.lation p.obed. This can be seen through the correlation coefficients R which are 0.84, 0.64, 0.55 and 0.054 for MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR and OMI resp.ctively. Furthermore, an op.ical analysis of aerosols in Burkina Faso by the MODIS sensor from 2001 to 2016 indicates a large sp.tial and temp.ral variability of p.rticles strongly dominated by desert dust. This is corroborated by the annual and seasonal cycles of the AOD at 550 nm and the Angström coefficient measured in the sp.ctral range between 412 nm and 470 nm. A zoom on a few sites chosen according to the three climatic zones confirms the majority p.esence of mineral aerosols in Burkina Faso, whose maxima are observed in sp.ing and summer.

关键词： AERONET Airborne Sensors Aerosol Op.ical and Microp.ysical p.op.rties

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Vertical p.ofile of Wind Sp.ed in the Atmosp.eric Boundary Layer and Assessment of Wind Resource on the Bobo Dioulasso Site in Burkina Faso

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2019年第11期10卷 257-278页

作者： Drissa Boro Hagninou Elagnon Venance Donnou Imbga Kossi Nebon Bado florent p. kieno Josep. Bathiebo Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (L.E.T.RE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de p.ysique du Rayonnement (Lp.) Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

This study investigates both the characteristics of the vertical wind p.ofile at the Bobo Dioulasso site located in the Sudanian climate zone in Burkina Faso during a day and night convective wind cycle and the estimation and variability of the wind resource. Wind data at 10 m above ground level and satellite data at 50 m altitude in the atmosp.eric boundary layer were used for the p.riod going from January 2006 to December 2016. Based on Monin-Obukhov theory, the logarithmic law and the p.wer law made it p.ssible to characterize the wind p.ofile. On the study site, the atmosp.ere is generally unstable from 10:00 to 18:00 and stable during the other p.riods of the day. Wind extrap.lation models were tested on our study site. Fitting equations p.op.sed are always in agreement with the data, contrary to other models assessed. Based on these equations, the p.ofile of a day and night cycle wind cycle was established by extrap.lation of wind data measured at 10 m above the ground. Lastly, the model of the p.wer law based on the stability was used to generate data on wind sp.ed from 20 m to 50 m based on data from 10 m above the ground. Weibull function was used to characterize wind sp.ed rate distribution and to calculate wind energy p.tential. The average annual p.wer density on the site is estimated at 53.13 W/m2 at 20 m and at 84.05 W/m2 at 50 m, or 36.78% increase. Considering these results, the Bobo-Dioulasso site could be ap.rop.iate to build small and medium-size turbines to sup.ly the rural communities of the Bobo Dioulasso region with electricity.

关键词： Wind p.tential Weibull Distribution p.wer Density Vertical p.ofil Vertical

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Comp.rative Study of the Thermal and Mechanical p.op.rties of Foamed Concrete with Local Materials

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第3期10卷 550-564页

作者： Adelaïde Lareba Ouédraogo Sayouba Kabré Etienne Malbila Abdoulaye Comp.oré Ramatou Saré p.ul Ilboudo Sié Kam Bruno Korgo Dieudonné Josep. Bathiebo florent p. kieno p.ilip.e Blanchard Dép.rtement de p.ysique Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Dép.rtement de p.ysique Laboratoire des Matériaux et Environnement (LAME) Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université de Ouagadougou Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Dép.rtement de p.ysique Université de Fada N’Gourma Fada Burkina Faso Dép.rtement de p.ysique Chimie Institut de Recherche sur les Céramiques (IRCER) Limoge France

Living in a habitat with comfort is requested by all. Cinder block bricks have p.or thermal p.op.rties, leading p.op.e to use fan heaters and air conditioners to regain comfort. To overcome this p.oblem of thermal discomfort in buildings, we used lightweight concrete such as foamed concrete which is a material that has imp.oved thermal p.op.rties for thermal comfort. In addition, this material was comp.red with local materials used for the construction of buildings such as BTC, adobe and BLT mixed with binders. The results showed that foamed concrete is a material that has good thermal and mechanical p.op.rties comp.red to local materials mixed with binders. The foamed concrete having accep.able thermo-mechanical p.op.rties was that having a density of 930 kg/mp.3p.. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 mp.2p.·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. The foamed concrete having accep.able thermo-mechanical p.op.rties was that having a density of 930 kg/m3p.. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 m2p.·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. For sunshine on a daily cycle equal to 12 hours, the characteristic thickness achieved by this material is 7.29 cm. It also has a shallow dep.h of heat diffusion having a lower thickness than other materials. This shows that foamed concrete is a p.omising material for the construction of buildings.

关键词： Foamed Concrete Thermo-Mechanical p.op.rties Comp.rison Local Materi-als

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Climatological Analysis of Aerosols Op.ical p.op.rties by Airborne Sensors and in Situ Measurements in West Africa: Case of the Sahelian Zone

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Op.n Journal of Air p.llution 2019年第4期8卷 118-135页

作者： Nébon Bado Adama Ouédraogo Hassime Guengané Thierry Sikoudouin Maurice Ky Serge Dimitri Bazyomo Bruno Korgo Mamadou Simina Dramé Saidou Moustap.a Sall florent p. kieno Dieudonné Josep. Bathiebo Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (L.E.T.RE) Université Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouaga Burkina Faso Laboratoire de p.ysique de l’Atmosp.ère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar-Fann Sénégal Centre Universitaire p.lytechnique de Kaya (CUp.K) Kaya Burkina Faso Institute of Mathematics and p.ysical Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Porto-Novo Benin

This p.p.r deals with the climatology of aerosols in West Africa based on satellite and in situ measurements between 2001 and 2016 and covers four sites in the Sahelian zone. There are indeed Banizoumbou (13.541°N, 02.665°E), Cinzana (13.278°N, 05.934°W), Dakar (14.394°N, 16.959°W) and Ouagadougou (12.20°N, 1.40°W) located resp.ctively in Niger, Mali, Senegal and Burkina Faso. Thus, an intercomp.rison between the satellite observations and the in situ measurements shows a good correlation between MODIS and AERONET with a correlation coefficient R = 0.86 at Cinzana, R = 0.85 at Banizounbou, R = 0.84 at Ouagadougou and a low correlation coefficient R = 0.66 calculated on the Dakar site. Like MODIS, SeaWiFS shows a very good corresp.ndence with measurements of the ground p.otometer esp.cially for Banizoumbou (R = 0.89), Cinzana (R = 0.88) and Dakar (R = 0.75) followed by a low correlation coefficient calculated on the Ouagadougou site (R = 0.64). The p.rformance of these airborne sensors is also corroborated by the calculation of root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE). Following this validation, a climatological analysis based on aerosol op.ical dep.h (AOD) shows the seasonality of aerosols in West Africa strongly influenced by the climate dynamics illustrated by the MERRA model reanalysis. This seasonal sp.tial distribution of aerosols justifies the temp.ral variability of the p.rticles observed at the different sites in the Sahel. In addition, a combined analysis of AOD and Angstrom coefficient indicates the aerosol p.riod in the Sahel in sp.ing (March-Ap.il-May) and summer (June-July-August). However, these aerosols are strongly dominated by desert dust whose main sources are located north in the Sahara and Sahel.

关键词： West-Africa Aerosols Airborne Sensors Aeronet MERRA Model

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Evaluation of Water Losses by Evap.ration in the Nakanbe Basin

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Atmosp.eric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 29-41页

作者： Bayala Alfred Kabre Sayouba Yonli Hamma Fabien Chesneau Xavier Thierry Sikoudouin Maurice Ky Zeghmati Belkacem kieno p. florent Kam Sié Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Ap.liquées (UFR/SEA) Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de recherche en Science Exactes et Ap.liquées Centre Universitaire de Kaya (CU-K) Perpignan France Laboratoire de Modélisation p.uridiscip.inaire et Simulation Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Ap.liquées (UFR/SEA) Laboratoire de Matériaux et Environnement Uni-versité Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de p.ysique et Chimie de l’ Environnement (Lp.E) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

A numerical ap.roach to heat and mass transfer in a large water reservoir is p.esented. This water reservoir is likened to a p.rallelep.p.d reservoir whose vertical and lower walls are adiabatic and imp.rmeable. The equations that govern natural convection in water are solved by the finite volume method and Thomas’salgorithm. The adequacy between the velocity and p.essure fields is ensured by the SIMp.E algorithm. We are going to evaluate the water losses by evap.ration from three dams in the Nakanbé basin in Burkina Faso for a p.riod of thirty years, that is to say from January 1, 1991, to March 15, 2020. The three dams have a rate of evap.ration greater than 40% of the volume of water stored. Indeed the rate of evap.ration in each dam increases with the water filling rate in the reservoir: we have observed the following results for each dam in the Nakanbé basin;for the date of 02/27/1988 to 03/13/2020., the Loumbila dam received a total volume of stored water of 22.02 Mmp.3p. and 10.57 Mmp.3p. as the total volume of water evap.rated at the same date. At the Ouaga dam (2 + 3), it stored a water volume of 4.06 Mmp.3p. and evap.rated 2.03 Mmp.3p. of its storage volume from 01/01/1988 to 05/07/2016. Finally, with regard to the Bagré dam, it stored 745.16 Mmp.3p. of water and 365.13 Mmp.3p. as the volume of water evap.rated from 01/01/1993 to 03/31/2020.

关键词： Numerical Study Evap.ration Meteorological Data Natural Convection Basins Dams

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Comp.rative Study of Early Neonatal Comp.ications between the First and Second Twin during Twin Vaginal Deliveries at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and p.diatric Hosp.tal, and the Yaounde Central Hosp.tal

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Op.n Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第3期14卷 381-392页

作者： florent Ymele Fouelifack Felicite Nguefack p.tricia Bashir Kadidja Roosvelt Dongmo Tiodjou Jeanne Hortence Fouedjio p.scal Foumane Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom Yaounde Cameroon Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit of Yaounde Central Hosp.tal Yaounde Cameroon Associative Group.for Research Education and Health La Falaise “GARES-Falaise” Dschang Cameroon Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit of the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrics and p.diatric Hosp.tal Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Twin birth is the exp.lsion of two fetuses and their ap.endages out of the woman’s rep.oductive tract. It’s a high-risk delivery because of the high frequency of maternal, fetal and neonatal comp.ications. Few studies exist on the comp.rative p.ognoses of twins. Our objective was to comp.re early neonatal comp.ications in first and second twins. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional p.osp.ctive study from January 2 to Ap.il 30, 2020 (4 months) at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and p.diatric Hosp.tal, and the Yaounde Central Hosp.tal. Data collected were analyzed using IBM Sp.S version 23. Descrip.ive statistics were done in frequencies and p.rcentages, means and standard deviations. p.ired-samp.e student's t-test were used to comp.re means. McNemar’s Chi-square and Ficher’s exact tests were used to comp.re p.op.rtions. Statistical significance was set at p.values less than 0.05. Results: Of a total of 2183 deliveries during the study p.riod, 43 (1.96%) were twin vaginal deliveries. Among the 43 women, 41 consented to have their newborns p.rticip.te in the study. Overall, Ap.AR scores were better for the first twins at the first (p.= 0.004) and fifth (p.= 0.031) minutes than for the second twins. Although both twins had comp.ications and that there were 4 neonatal deads of the second twin, there was no relationship.between studied comp.ications and the rank of the twin (p.= 0.310). Conclusion: As the Ap.AR score seemed to be better for first twins, clinicians should p.y more attention during twin births, in order to imp.ove the p.ognosis of the second twin.

关键词： Comp.rison Vaginal Birth Rank of Twin Early Neonatal Comp.ications

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Factors associated with decreased comp.iance after on-site extracorp.real membrane oxygenation cannulation for acute resp.ratory distress syndrome:A retrosp.ctive,observational cohort study

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 194-201页

作者： Sylvain Le p.p. florent Joly François Arrivé Jean-p.erre Frat Maeva Rodriguez Maïa Joos Laura Marchasson Mathilde Wairy Arnaud WThille Rémi Coudroy Centre Hosp.talier Universitaire de p.itiers Service de Médecine Intensive RéanimationPoitiersFrance INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402 IS-ALIVE Research GroupUniversitéde PoitiersPoitiersFrance

Background Extracorp.real membrane oxygenation(ECMO)for acute resp.ratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is systematically associated with decreased resp.ratory system comp.iance(CRS).It remains unclear whether transp.rtation to the referral ECMO center,changes in ventilatory mode or settings to achieve ultra-p.otective ventilation,or the natural evolution of ARDS drives this change in resp.ratory ***,we assessed the p.ecise moment when CRS decreases after ECMO cannulation and identified factors associated with decreased *** To rule out the effect of transp.rtation and the different modes of ventilation on CRS,we conducted a retrosp.ctive,single-center,observational cohort study from January 2013 to May 2020,on 22 p.tients with severe ARDS requiring on-site ECMO and ventilated in p.essure-controlled mode to achieve ultra-p.otective *** was assessed at different time p.ints ranging from 12 h before ECMO cannulation to 72 h after ECMO *** p.imary outcome was the relative change in CRS between 3 h before and 3 h after ECMO *** secondary outcomes included variables associated with the relative changes in CRS within the first 3 h after ECMO cannulation and the relative changes in CRS at each time *** CRS decreased within the first 3 h after ECMO cannulation(−28.3%,95%confidence interval[CI]:−38.8 to−17.9,p.0.001),while the decrease was mild before and after these first 3 h after ECMO *** achieve ultra-p.otective ventilation,resp.ratory rate decreased in the mean by–13 breaths/min(95%CI:−15 to−11)and driving p.essure by−8.3 cmH2O(95%CI:−11.2 to−5.3),resulting in decreased tidal volume by−3.3 mL/kg of p.edicted body weight(95%CI:−3.9 to−2.6)as comp.red to before ECMO cannulation(p.0.001 for all).p.ateau p.essure reduction,driving p.essure reduction,and tidal volume reduction were significantly associated with decreased CRS after ECMO cannulation,whereas neither resp.ratory rate,p.sitive end-exp.ratory p.

关键词： Acute resp.ratory distress syndrome Extracorp.real membrane oxygenation Driving p.essure Resp.ratory comp.iance

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Modeling the Imp.ct of Desert Aerosols on the Solar Radiation of a Mini Solar Central p.otovoltaic (p.)

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Energy and p.wer Engineering 2021年第7期13卷 261-271页

作者： Wend Dolean Arsène Ilboudo Issaka Ouedraogo Windé Nongué Daniel Koumbem p.lèga florent kieno Dép.rtement Energie Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Ap.liquées Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This work focuses on modeling the imp.ct of desert aerosols on a mini central solar p.otovoltaic (p.). Our studied p.ysical model is comp.rable to a multilayer. We have described and discretized the mathematical equations which govern the p.ysical model. Also, we analyzed the influence of the p.rameters τa and X on the solar radiation received at the surface of solar p. modules. The results of the study taken from Figures 6(a)-(d)p.n>p.n> representingp.n> the variations of the global solar radiation on the solstices and equinoxes as well as the 21 of the months of the year days understood show that: if τa = 0 and X = 0, IC = 67.87%;if τa = 0.5 and X p.n style="font-family:

关键词： Modeling Solar Radiation Desert Aerosol p.otovoltaic Field

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Numerical Study of the Thermal p.rformance of Three Roof Models in Hot and Dry Climates

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2021年第2期11卷 35-46页

作者： Windé Nongué Daniel Koumbem Issaka Ouédraogo Wend Dolean Arsène Ilboudo p.lèga florent kieno Universite Josep. Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Ap.liquées et Technologies Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The thermal p.rformance of three roofing models: tile, corrugated and earth terrace is numerically analyzed. The mathematical equations which govern the three roofing models are established by the electrical method of analogies. These equations are discretized by an imp.icit finite difference method and solved by the Gauss-Seidel algorithm. We analyze the influences of geometric p.rameters (Xlo, Xlarg, α and Ep) on the evolution of the temperatures of the different environments of our three roof models. In particular, we have shown that the effectiveness of a roof in reducing the temperature inside a room is linked to its physical properties. The results obtained that for the same geometric parameters, the earth roof terrace and the earth tile roof compared to the corrugated metal roof improve thermal comfort by lowering the interior temperature of 5ºC and 4.6ºC.p.n>

关键词： Thermal p.rformance Roof Room Temp.rature

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Intra-Seasonal and Annual Variation of Aerosols and Their Radiative Imp.ct in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

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Atmosp.eric and Climate Sciences 2019年第1期9卷 62-74页

作者： Bado Nébon Mamadou Simina Dramé Saidou Moustap.a Sall Korgo Bruno Demba Ndao Niang kieno p. florent Bathiebo Dieudonné Josep. Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de p.ysique de l’Atmosp.ère et de l’Océan Siméon-Fongang Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sénégal

This p.p.r deals with the characterization of aerosols in the Sahelian zone, p.rticularly in Burkina Faso based on MODIS observations and in situ measurements of the AERONET network on the Ouagadougou site (12.2°N, 1.4°W). Thus, a seasonal sp.tial distribution of aerosols made over the p.riod from 2001 to 2016 gives a very great variability of aerosols in Burkina Faso, whose maxima are encountered in Sp.ing, characterized by winds from the North East. This seasonality of aerosols is also shown by the annual cycles of op.ical, radiative and microp.ysical p.rameters measured by AERONET between 1999 and 2006. Moreover, an analysis of these p.rameters shows the p.evalence of mineral dusts characterized by low values of the Angstrom coefficient (α440-870 0.9) and the cooling noticed in the bottom of atmosp.ere (BOA) and at the top.of the atmosp.ere (TOA). Also, the climatology of the volume size distribution of aerosols shows a very great variability of p.rticles in terms of size influenced by the thin and coarse p.ttern where most sizes are between 1 and 10 μm.

关键词： Aerosol AERONET MODIS Microp.ysical and Op.ical p.op.rties Radiative Forcing

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