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Tri-axial accelerometry allows to determine parental food provisioning behaviour in a marine bird

Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 345-351页

作者： Monserrat Del Caño flavio quintana.giacomo dell’omo Agustina Gómez-Laich Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos(IBIOMAR) CONICETBoulevard Brown 2915U9120ACDPuerto MadrynChubutArgentina Ornis Italica Piazza Crati 1500199RomeItaly Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución(EGE)and Instituto de EcologíaGenética y Evolución de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)CONICETFacultad de CienciasExactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresPabellón II Ciudad UniversitariaC1428EGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina

The study of parental food provisioning is essential for understanding the breeding ecology of *** conducted the first study using accelerometry to detect food provisioning in birds,using Support Vector Machine(SVM)models to identify when adults feed chicks of three different age *** were attached to the head of adult female Imperial Shags(Leucocarbo atriceps),and various attributes derived from the acceleration signals were used to train SVM models for each chick age *** performance improved with chick age class,with SVM models achieving high overall accuracy(>88%)and highest sensitivity in older chick categories(>91%).However,precision values,especially for younger chicks,remained relatively low(between 26%and 45%).The application of a time filter based on the minimum duration of the observed food provisioning behaviours for each chick age category,improved model performance by reducing false provisioning behaviours,particularly in the model for older chicks,which showed the highest precision(72.4%).This study highlights the effectiveness of accelerometry and machine learning in studying parental food provisioning in birds,providing a rapid and accurate data collection method to complement traditional *** described methodology can be applied to any bird species that exhibits distinctive movements while feeding its offspring and has suitable characteristics for attaching an accelerometer to the body part that best captures this ***,it is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to future research on key questions in parental investment theory and reproductive strategies in birds.

关键词： Accelerometry Food provisioning Imperial shag Leucocarbo atriceps Seabird Support vector machine

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Nest box selection and reproduction of European Rollers in Central Italy: a 7-year study

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 126-137页

作者： flavio Monti Luca Nelli Carlo Catoni giacomo dell’omo Ornis Italica Piazza Crati 1500199 RomeItaly Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of GlasgowGlasgow G12 8QQUK Department of Physical Sciences Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of SienaStrada Laterina853100 SienaItaly

Background: Changes and increased mechanisation of agricultural practices have influenced the biodiversity composition of farmland habitats and caused a decline of bird communities in many European countries. The removal of shrubs and large trees rich in natural cavities, has also led to a drastic decrease in nest site availability for cavity-nesting bird species. Nest-boxes are a common conservation tool used to improve nest-site availability, and have helped to reverse declines in many endangered bird populations. Nonetheless to maximize the results of such interventions it is crucial to know where nest-boxes should be sited. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the nest-box program for the European Roller (Coracias garrulus) population of Lazio region (Central Italy). More specifically, we focused on what landscape features were preferred (or avoided) in the process of nest box selection and how they influenced population’s breeding parameters. Particular attention was paid to identifying potential limitations and to provide management recommendations for future interventions. Methods: Using data from 70 nest boxes sited on power lines monitored over a 7-year period (representing 140 breeding attempts), we developed probability functions to evaluate if nest box location, in terms of distance from habitat resources and habitat composition and structure, had an effect on nest box occupancy and on the main reproductive parameters. Results: Nest boxes were more likely to be occupied if they were located near arable fields and in areas characterized by a higher amount of incoming solar radiation. Higher fledging success was associated with fallow fields and with a moderate/low habitat structural complexity. Higher breeding success was associated with solar radiation and with greater distance from urban areas. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of specific habitat variables in influencing nest occupancy, and show which driv

关键词： Breeding parameters Coracias garrulus Farmland birds Habitat selection Nest-boxes Power lines

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Targeted NGS analysis reveals a complex genetic background of idiopathic erythrocytosis in a large Venetian family

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 561-563页

作者： Bertozzi Irene Benetti Andrea Regazzo Daniela Polese Francesca Biagetti giacomo Ceolotto Giulio Randi Maria Luigia First Medical Clinic University of Padua Department of Medicine – DIMEDVia Giustiniani 2Padova 35123Italy Transfusion Medicine Department Ospedale dell'Angelo - Venezia MestreVia Paccagnella 1Venice 30174Italy Emergency Medicine University of Padua Department of Medicine – DIMEDVia Giustiniani 2Padova 35123Italy

Absolute erythrocytosis,due to an increased production of red blood cells,becomes manifest with hemoglobin(Hb)levels above 165 or 160 g/L or with a hematocrit(HCT)above 51%and 48%in males and females,respectively.1 A minority of patients have polycythemia vera(PV);acquired secondary erythrocytosis frequently occurs due to appropriate or inappropriate erythropoietin(EPO)excess,while congenital secondary erythrocytosis may derive from genetic defects causing tissue *** erythrocytosis occurs in patients with genetic mutations of the oxygen-sensing pathway(VHL,PHD2,_HIF-1-alpha)or the erythropoietin receptor(EPOR)genes.2 Recently,HFE gene variants have been described in sporadic erythrocytoses.3 In a high proportion(about 70%)of patients with erythrocytosis,a specific etiology remains elusive despite extensive testing,and the diagnosis of idiopathic erythrocytosis(IE)is ruled out.

关键词： diagnosis patients congenital

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Migration of the Western Marsh Harrier to the African wintering quarters along the Central Mediterranean flyway:a 5-year study

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Avian Research 2017年第3期8卷 156-162页

作者： Nicolantonio Agostini Michele Panuccio Alberto Pastorino Nir Sapir giacomo dell’omo Medraptors Via Mario Fioretti 1800152 RomeItaly Ornis italica Piazza Crati 1500199 RomeItaly Animal Flight Laboratory Department of Evolutionary and Environmental BiologyUniversity of Haifa199 Aba Khoushy Ave.Mount Carmel3498838 HaifaIsrael

Background: The Western Marsh Harrier(Circus aeruginosus) is a partial migrant with the populations from Eastern and Northern Europe migrating south to sub-Saharan Africa. During the autumn migration, that is peaking in Septem ber, harriers move on a broad front heading SW and undertake long sea-crossings en route to their wintering quarters, passing in substantial numbers through Italy and Malta with the highest concentrations recorded at the Strait of Messina. Most of the individuals migrating across the Strait are heading for the wintering quarters in Africa, while fewer spend the winter in ***: In a 5-year study(2011-2015), between 26 August and 30 September, we determined age and sex of autumn migrating harriers through this flyway. In 2014 we determined, by marine radar and optical range finder, the flight altitude of migrating ***: A total of 10,261 Western Marsh Harriers were counted during the whole study, with an average of 2052 per autumn season. Adults outnumbered juveniles and males outnumbered females. Harriers flew at lower altitudes during the morning while large flocks flew lower than single birds or small ***: Our observations are consistent with previous surveys and confirm that adult males have a tendency to migrate over a long distance, while substantial numbers of adult females and juveniles do not head for the wintering quarters in Africa. Finally, flight patterns recorded can be explained by a more pronounced flapping flight of Western Marsh Harriers during migration.

关键词： Western Marsh Harrier Migration Mediterranean Flight altitude Radar

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Individual consistency and sex differences in migration strategies of Scopoli＇s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea despite year differences

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 631-641页

作者： Martina S. MULLER Bruno MASSA Richard A. PHILLIPS giacomo dell Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Japan University of Palermo Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences Italy British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge CB3 0ET UK Ornis italica Rome Italy

Recently-developed capabilities for tracking the movements of individual birds over the course of a year or longer has provided increasing evidence for consistent individual differences in migration schedules and destinations. This raises questions about the relative importance of individual consistency versus flexibility in the evolution of migration strategies, and has implications for the ability of populations to respond to climatic change. Using geolocators, we tracked the migrations of Scopoli＇s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea breeding in Linosa （Italy） across three years, and analysed timing and spatial aspects of their movements. Birds showed remarkable variation in their main wintering destination along the western coast of Africa. We found significant individual consistency in the total distance traveled, time spent in transit, and time that individuals spent in the win- tering areas. We found extensive sex differences in scheduling, duration, distances and destinations of migratory journeys. We also found sex differences in the degree of individual consistency in aspects of migration behaviour. Despite strong evidence for individual consistency, which indicates that migration journeys from the same bird tended to be more similar than those of dif- ferent birds, there remained substantial intra-individual variation between years. Indeed, we also found clear annual differences in departure dates, return dates, wintering period, the total distance traveled and re^rn routes from wintering grounds back to the colony. These findings show that this population flexibly shifts migration schedules as well as routes between years in response to direct or indirect effects of heterogeneity in the environment, while maintaining consistent individual migration strategies [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 631-641, 2014].

关键词： Avian migration GLS loggers Repeatability Individual strategies

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深海环境海洋生态系统监测与修复新技术

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 195-211页

作者： Jacopo Aguzzi Laurenz Thomsen Sascha Flögel Nathan J.Robinson giacomo Picardi Damianos Chatzievangelou Nixon Bahamon Sergio Stefanni Jordi Grinyó Emanuela Fanelli Cinzia Corinaldesi Joaquin Del Rio Fernandez Marcello Calisti Furu Mienis Elias Chatzidouros Corrado Costa Simona Violino Michael Tangherlini Roberto Danovaro Instituto de Ciencias del Mar(ICM-CSIC) Barcelona 08003Spain Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples 80121Italy University of Gothenburg Göteborg 40530Sweden GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 24148Germany Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana Valencia 46013Spain Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research(NIOZ) Den Burg Texel 1790 ABNetherlands Polytechnic University of Marche(UNIVPM) Ancona 60131Italy SARTI-MAR of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Vilanova i la Geltrú08800Spain Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology University of LincolnLincoln LN22LGUK Engitec Systems International Limited Limassol 3083Cyprus Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi dell’economia Agraria(CREA) Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariMonterotondo 00015Italy

The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural *** ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work ***,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial *** expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).

关键词： Ecosystem restoration Robotic manipulation Acoustic tracking Fishery resources Artificial reefs

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Emerging Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in the Control of Shoot Apical Meristem Function

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第1期55卷 7-20页

作者： Elisabetta Di giacomo Giovanna Serino Giovanna Frugis Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria UOS RomaConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheMonterotondo Scalo Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin Sapienza Università The New York Botanical Garden Genomics Program NYBGBronx

The shoot apical meristem （SAM） is a population of undifferentiated cells at the tip of the shoot axis that establishes early during plant embryogenesis and gives rise to all shoot organs throughout the plant＇s life. A plethora of different families of transcription factors （TFs） play a key role in establishing the equilibrium between cell differentiation and stem cell maintenance in the SAM. Fine tuning of these regulatory proteins is crucial for a proper and fast SAM response to environmental and hormonal cues, and for development progression. One effective way to rapidly inactivate TFs involves regulated proteolysis by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system （UPS）. However, a possible role of UPS-dependent protein degradation in the regulation of key SAM TFs has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we summarize recent evidence supporting a role for the UPS in SAM maintenance and function. We integrate this survey with an in silico analysis of publicly-available microarray databases which identified ubiquitin ligases that are expressed in specific areas within the SAM, suggesting that they may regulate or act downstream of meristem-specific factors.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell differentiation protein degradation shoot apical meristem ubiquitin/26S proteasome system.

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红隼卵中多氯联苯(PCBs)指示当地污染物暴露状况

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2008年第6期37卷 434-438页

作者： giacomo dell'omo David Costantini Julian Wright Stefania Casagrande Richard F. Shore 曾首英国家生态与水利中心

采用气相色谱法和电子捕获检测技术,对1999和2005年繁育季节结束时在意大利罗马周边地区采集的未能孵化的红隼(Falco tinnunculus)卵进行研究,得出多氯联苯(PCB)、滴滴涕(DDT)及其衍生物和其他有机氯化合物的浓度。结果表明,在所有的PCB... 详细信息

采用气相色谱法和电子捕获检测技术,对1999和2005年繁育季节结束时在意大利罗马周边地区采集的未能孵化的红隼(Falco tinnunculus)卵进行研究,得出多氯联苯(PCB)、滴滴涕(DDT)及其衍生物和其他有机氯化合物的浓度。结果表明,在所有的PCBs中,同类物153和180所有被测卵中均有检出,且浓度最高。相同鸟巢不同年份收集的卵中含有的PCB同类物类型和数量相似。本研究发现硫矿附近的隼卵中含有非典型性的低氯同类物,该结果有力地支持了地中海和欧洲大陆的成年红隼仅进行短距离迁徙或不迁徙的结论,即暗示着隼卵污染物来自于当地环境。研究还发现同一窝中不同卵中的PCBs类型相似,但浓度却随着产卵的时间顺序延伸而不断降低。

关键词：多氯联苯污染物红隼有机氯化合物 PCBs 气相色谱法检测技术电子捕获

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Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Cavitating Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第3期13卷 685-695页

作者： giacomo Falcucci Stefano Ubertini Gino Bella Sauro Succi Department of Technologies University of Naples“Parthenope”Centro Direzionale-Isola C480143 NaplesItaly DEIM-Industrial Engineering School University of TusciaLargo dell’Universita s.n.c.01100ViterboItaly Department of Mechanical Engineering University of“Tor Vergata”Viale PolitecnicoRomeItaly Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo-CNR Via dei Taurini00100 RomaItaly

The onset of cavitating conditions inside the nozzle of liquid injectors is known to play a major role on spray characteristics,especially on jet penetration and *** this work,we present a Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS)based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)to study the fluid dynamic field inside the nozzle of a cavitating *** formation of the cavitating region is determined via a multi-phase approach based on the Shan-Chen equation of *** results obtained by the LBM simulation show satisfactory agreement with both numerical and experimental *** addition,numerical evidence of bubble break-up,following upon flow-induced cavitation,is also reported.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann multiphase flows cavitation liquid spray nozzle

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Climate warming induced a stretch of the breeding season and an increase of second clutches in a passerine breeding at its altitudinal limits

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 9-17页

作者： Toni MINGOZZI Pierpaolo STORINO Giampalmo VENUTO Alessandro MASSOLO giacomo TAVECCHIA Department of Biology Ecology and Earth Sciences(DiBEST)University of CalabriaVia P.BucciRende 87036Italy Department of Biology Ethology UnitUniversity of PisaVia L.Ghini13Pisa 56126Italy UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement UniversiteBourgogne Franche-Comte16 Route de GrayBesanc¸on 25030France Animal Demography and Ecology Unit(GEDA-IMEDEA CSIC-UIB)C.M.MarquesEsporles 07190Spain

The increase in the average air temperature due to global warming has produced an early onset of the reproduction in many migratory birds of the Paleartic *** to the“mismatch hypothesis”this response can lead to a decrease in the breeding output when the conditions that trigger the departure from the wintering areas do not match the availability of food resources in the breeding *** used 653 brooding events registered during the period 1991–2013 to investigate the link between climatic variables and individual breeding performance of a partially migratory passerine,the Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia,breeding at the altitude limit of its *** laying date(LD)of the earliest first clutch was associated with local spring(minimum)temperatures but did not show a significant trend during the period *** LD of the latest first clutch had a positive and statistically significant trend,unrelated to local covariates and resulting in a longer breeding season(1.5 days/year).A longer breeding season allowed birds to produce more second clutches,which proportion increased from 0.14 to *** average breeding success was also positively correlated with the average temperature in July and with the duration of the breeding *** to expectations,the most important climate-dependent effect was a stretch of the breeding season due to a significant increase of the LD of the latest first-clutches rather than an earlier breeding *** show how climate changes act on bird populations through multiple paths and stress the need to assess the link between climatic variables and several aspects of the breeding cycle.

关键词： breeding phenology climate warming long-term study Petronia petronia reproductive success

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