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Prospects for sociogenomics in avian cooperative breeding and parental care

Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 293-306页

作者： flavia termignoni-garcia Matthew I.M.LOUDER Christopher N.BALAKRISHNAN Lauren O’CONNELL Scott V.EDWARDS Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA International Research Center for Neurointelligence The University of TokyoHongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

For the last 40 years,the study of cooperative breeding(CB)in birds has proceeded primarily in the context of discovering the ecological,geographical,and behavioral drivers of *** advent of molecular tools in the early 1990s assisted in clarifying the relatedness of helpers to those helped,in some cases,confirming predictions of kin selection *** for genome-wide analysis of sequence variation,gene expression,and epigenetics promise to add new dimensions to our understanding of avian CB,primarily in the area of molecular and developmental correlates of delayed breeding and dispersal,as well as the ontogeny of achieving parental status in ***,we outline key ways in which modern-omics approaches,in particular genome sequencing,transcriptomics,and epigenetic profiling such as ATAC-seq,can be used to add a new level of ana-lysis of avian *** on recent and ongoing studies of avian social behavior and sociogenom-ics,we review how high-throughput sequencing of a focal species or clade can provide a robust foundation for downstream,context-dependent destructive and non-destructive sampling of spe-cific tissues or physiological states in the field for analysis of gene expression and epigenetics.-Omics approaches have the potential to inform not only studies of the diversification of CB over evolutionary time,but real-time analyses of behavioral interactions in the field or *** of birds represents a new branch in the network of methods used to study CB,and can help clarify ways in which the different levels of analysis of CB ultimately interact in novel and unexpected ways.

关键词： ATAC-seq behavior convergent evolution epigenetics neurobiology phylogeny

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Vitamin B12-induced spermatogenesis recovery in cimetidine-treated rats： effect on the spermatogonia number and sperm concentration

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第5期19卷 567-572页

作者： flavia L Beltrame Estela Sasso-Cerri Department of Morphology and Genetics Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM) Sao Paulo Brazil Department of Morphology Laboratory f Histology and Embryology Dental School - Sao Paulo State University (UNESP/FOAr) Araraquara Sao Paulo Brazil

The H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine is an antiulcer drug also used for the treatment of cancer due to its antiangiogenic effect. However, this drug has caused structural changes in the seminiferous tubules. Vitamin B12 has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of male infertility. The supplementation of rats with vitamin B12 during cimetidine treatment has recovered the damaged seminiferous tubules, but how this vitamin restores the seminiferous epithelium has not been clarified. In this study, we evaluated whether vitamin B12 improves the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and sperm concentration in cimetidine-treated rats. Adult male rats were treated for 50 days as follows： cimetidine group received 100 mg kg^-1 b.w. of cimetidine, cimetidine-B12 group received cimetidine and 3 μg of vitamin B12-hydroxocobalamin, B12 group received only 3 μg of vitamin, and control group received saline. Sperm concentration was calculated and historesin-embedded testes sections were used for the quantitative analyses of spermatogonia （A; In/B） and spermatocytes. TUNEL method and PCNA immunofluorescence were performed. Cimetidine caused a significant reduction in sperm concentration. TUNEL-positive spermatogonia and spermatocytes were correlated to a significant reduction in the number of these cells. In cimetidine-B12 group, sperm concentration was higher than cimetidine group and a significant increase in the number of spermatogonia （stages Ⅱ-Ⅵ） was correlated to a high incidence of PCNA-immunolabeled spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The results show that the supplementation of rats with vitamin B12 during cimetidine treatment increases sperm concentration and exerts a potential effect in the recovery of spermatogonia and spermatocytes.

关键词： cimetidine fertility spermatogenesis testis vitamin B12

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Protective potential of glucagon like peptide 2(GLP-2) against the neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 1901-1902页

作者： Antonella Amato flavia Mulè Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università di Palermo

Neurodegeneration consists in loss of neuron specific types, pattern and distribution, leading to progressive dysfunctions of the central nervous system. Neurodegenerative diseases include diverse pathological conditions, among which Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most prevalent ones. Alzheimer’s disease is known as a growing dementia, characterized by progressive language, memory, and cognitive loss, while Parkinson’s disease is primarily characterized as a motor disorder. Senile plaques, caused by amyloid β peptide, hyperphosphorylated taubased neurofibrillary tangles and synapse loss, are the principal pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Protective potential glucagon like peptide 2(GLP-2) neurodegeneration

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Vegetation recovery after fire in mountain grasslands of Argentina

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第2期17卷 373-383页

作者： Alejandro LOYDI flavia AFUNK Andrés GARCíA Renewable Natural Resources Center of the Semi-Arid Zone(CERZOS)–CONICET-UNS Bahia BiancaArgentina Department of Biology Biochemistry and PharmacySouth National UniversityBahfa BiancaArgentina Argentine Institute of Oceanography(IADO) CONICET-UNSBahia BlancaArgentina

Fire is a natural disturbance occurring every few years in many grasslands ecosystems. However, since European colonization, fire has been highly reduced or even suppressed in Argentinean grasslands, fostering ignitable material accumulation. This has led to occasional catastrophic controldemanding fire events, extended for larger areas. The aims of this work are to study vegetation recovery and change after a non-natural fire event in mountain grasslands. The study area is located in the Ventania mountain system, mid-eastern Argentina. We studied vegetation recovery after fire(January 2014) in two different communities: grass-steppes(grasslands) and shrub-steppes(open low shrublands). We measured vegetation cover, species richness and bare ground percentage in burned and unburned areas 1, 4, 8, 11 and 23 months after fire. Vegetation surveys were also performed at the end of the growing season(December) 11 and 23 months after fire. Data were analyzed using regression analysis, ANOVA and multivariate analysis(NMS, PERMANOVA). Both communities increased their vegetation cover at the same rate, without differences between burned and unburned areas after two years. Species richness was higher in shrublands and their recovery was alsofaster than in grasslands. Considering functional composition, besides transient changes during the first year after fire, there were no differences in abundance of different functional vegetation groups two years after fire. At the same time, shrublands showed no differences in species composition, while grasslands had a different species composition in burned and unburned plots. Also, burned grassland showed a higher species richness than unburned grassland. Data shown mountain vegetation in Pampas grassland is adapted to fire, recovering cover and richness rapidly after fire and thus reducing soil erosion risks. Vegetation in mountain Pampas seems to be well adapted to fire, but in grasslands species composition has changed due to fire.

关键词： Amelichloa caudata Forbs Grass Natural grassland Nassella trichotoma Piedmont valleys Shrubs Sierra de la Ventana Vegetation functional groups

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Effects of biological soil crusts and drought on emergence and survival of a Patagonian perennial grass in the Monte of Argentina

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第6期6卷 735-741页

作者： flavia Alejra FUNK Alejro LOYDI Guadalupe PETER Center for Renewable Natural Resources of the Semi-arid Zone National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Bahía Blanca 8000Argentina Río Negro National University Viedma 8500Argentina

Biological soil crusts are widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions. They have an important eco- logical role, especially by modifying physical and chemical properties of soils. Biological crusts may also modify seed germination and seedling establishment. The effects vary widely according to the type of crust and the vas- cular plant species. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of moss-dominated biological soil crusts on the emergence, biomass and survival of Poa ligularis Nees ex Steud. under different irrigation regimes. We col- lected seeds of P. ligularis and biological soil crusts composed of two species of mosses： Syntrichia princeps （De Not.） Mitt and Ceratodon purpureus （Hedw.） Brid. from an area in the Monte of Argentina. The result showed that seedling emergence of P. ligularis was higher in treatments with bare soil than in soil covered by crusts, and also in those with watering to field capacity. Mean emergence time was higher in treatments with bare soil and watering to field capacity. Seedling biomass also showed significant differences between treatments. These results suggest that biological soil crusts dominated by mosses do not promote P. ligularis emergence, although they would not affect its survival.

关键词： drought field capacity recruitment microsites mosses semiarid region Poa ligularis

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Should selection criteria for HCC be the same(or different)between LDLT and DDLT?

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Hepatoma Research 2020年第11期6卷 13-17页

作者： flavia Feier Liver Transplantation Department Hospital de Clinicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-903Brazil Pediatric Liver Transplantation Department Irmandade Santa Casa de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Brazil

Since the Milan Criteria(MC)were adopted in many countries as the allocation policy criteria for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma to be transplanted,many groups started to expand it to provide a chance for patients with tumors outside the MC who could achieve similar survival *** the scarcity of deceased donors,Asian countries improved the results with living donor liver transplantation,allowing patients outside MC to be transplanted with a living *** prognostic models and a more profound understanding of tumor behavior are targeting better patient ***,patients are unevenly selected for liver transplantation and mostly separated into those fulfilling the MC and transplanted with a deceased donor and those with expanded criteria and transplanted with a living *** this paper,insight is brought into this debate.

关键词： Living donor hepatocellular carcinoma alpha-fetoprotein

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Long term immunological perturbations post DAA therapy in chronic HCV/HIV co-infected patients

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BIOCELL 2022年第12期46卷 2695-2699页

作者： SONIA MORETTI flavia MANCINI ALESSANDRA BORSETTI National HIV/AIDS Research Center Istituto Superiore di SanitàRome00161Italy

Direct-acting antiviral(DAA)therapies are efficacious for the achievement of sustained virologic response(SVR)in almost all treated hepatitis C virus(HCV)-infected ***,the impacts of HCV eradication on immune function and chronic immune activation in the long-term remain controversial and limited,especially in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).Indeed,although restoration of many immune responses clearly can be observed,several features of immune perturbations persist over time after HCV *** the degree and reasons of the partial recovery of the immune system in chronic HCV/HIV coinfection after HCV elimination is pivotal to avoid disease progression and possible long-term clinical outcomes in cured patients,as well as contributing to the development of immunotherapy drug design.

关键词： HCV infection HCV/HIV co-infection DAA therapy Immune activation Inflammation Immune system

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Diet as a strategy for type 1 diabetes prevention

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第1期15卷 1-4页

作者： flavia Prodam Annalisa Chiocchetti Umberto Dianzani Department of Health Sciences Universitàdel Piemonte OrientaleNovara28100Italy

The increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)in children represents one of the major worldwide health *** is widely thought that T1DM is caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producingβcells in the pancreas due to an aberrant T-cell immune *** date,there are no effective therapeutic strategies to prevent T1DM,as its clinical symptoms become apparent only when mostβcells have already been ***,clinical trials for the prevention of T1DM in children at risk have all been unsuccessful to ***,recent studies have implicated alterations in the gut microbial flora(that is,microbiota)as a potential etiological factor for T1DM,raising the possibility that interfering with the microbes populating our body could represent a promising approach to prevent or manage *** evidence strongly supporting this hypothesis comes from a milestone study by Mariño et al.,1 which shows that a diet capable of modulating the activity of the gut microbiota can indeed inhibit the disease onset in a mouse model of ***,these findings pave the way for the development of food-based dietary approaches for preventing high-risk children from developing T1DM.

关键词： prevention alterations destroyed

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Sudden openings and gradual closures in canopy cover modulate acclimation,survival,and growth of a shade-tolerant rainforest tree species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 78-90页

作者： Ana Paula Moretti flavia Yesica Olguin Juan Marcelo Gauna Corina Graciano INFIVE(CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata) Diagonal 113 N°4951900 La PlataProvincia de Buenos AiresArgentina CONICET Godoy Cruz 2290C1425FQB Buenos AiresArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Agrariasy Forestales Universidad Nacional de La PlataCalle 60y 1181900 La PlataProvincia de Buenos AiresArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de MisionesBertoni 124 km 33380 EldoradoProvincia de MisionesArgentina

Forest disturbances at gap levels are one of the most important events for the regeneration and establishment of intermediate tree *** canopy openings expose plants to high light intensity and high evaporative demands that stress shade-acclimated ***,the slow closure of gaps reduces light availability to plants established when the incident irradiation was *** work evaluated the morphological and physiological acclimation of Cabralea canjerana(Vell)*** to sudden and to gradual changes in canopy cover.A pot experiment was carried out with plants exposed to a sudden opening.A few days after the light shock,plants rapidly increased photosynthetic rates and decreased leaf water *** two months,plants activated physiological responses at leaf and whole plant levels to high light and water stresses,e.g.,increased stoma-tal conductance,stomatal index and reduction of leaf:fine roots ratio and *** seven months,hydraulic conductivity of petioles and the whole leaf increased,and growth was much higher than plants that remained under the *** a field experiment in gaps in the rainforest,plants acclimated to all canopy *** years after planting,growth was maximum in open environments within the gaps,even if the canopy closed during the first 20 months after *** conclusion,if this species is planted to enrich the rainforest,positions within gaps with lower canopy cover should be chosen and gap closure will not affect *** manage *** natural regeneration,the opening of gaps and removal of understory will increase survival and growth without the risk that the stress caused by these sudden openings could lead to the death of ***-bining pot and field experiments helps to understand the autecology of trees with particular ecological interest,and to build sound restoration practices.

关键词： Cabralea canjerana Atlantic forest Abiotic stress Regeneration Seedling

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Toll-like receptor 9 polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori influence gene expression and risk of gastric carcinogenesis in the Brazilian population

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第11期11卷 998-1010页

作者： Manoela Dias Susi de Matos Lourenco Caroline Lucas Trevizani Rasmussen Spencer Luis Marques Payao Ana flavia Teixeira Rossi Ana Elizabete Silva Juliana garcia de Oliveira-Cucolo Department of Graduate-Level Research USCSacred Heart UniversityBauru 17011-970SPBrazil Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology FAMEMA-Marilia Medical SchoolMarília 17519-030SPBrazil Department of Biology Sao Paulo State University-UNESPSao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000SPBrazil Department of Molecular Biological and Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit-UPGEMFaculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto-FAMERPSao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000SPBrazil

BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors(TLRs)are the first line of host defense,and are involved in Helicobacter pylori(***)recognition and activation of both inflammatory and carcinogenic *** presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in genes that activate the immune response may modulate the risk of precancerous lesions and gastric cancer(GC).Among them,Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9)polymorphisms have emerged with a risk factor of infectious diseases and cancer,however the studies are still *** To evaluate whether TLR9 rs5743836 and rs187084 SNPs contribute to the risk of gastric carcinogenesis,and its influence on mRNA *** A case-control study was conducted to evaluate two TLR9 SNPs(TLR9-1237 TCrs5743836 and TLR9-1486 CT-rs187084)in chronic gastritis(CG)and GC patients.A total of 609 DNA samples of peripheral blood[248 CG,161 GC,and 200 samples from healthy individuals(C)]were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length *** samples were tested for the *** infection using Hpx1 and Hpx2 *** polymerase chain reaction by TaqMan?assay was used to quantify TLR9 mRNA from fresh gastric tissues(48 GC,26 CG,and 14 C).RESULTS For TLR9-1237,the TC+CC or CC genotypes were associated with a higher risk of GC than C[recessive model odds ratio(OR)=5.01,95%confidence interval(CI):2.52-9.94,P<0.0001],and the CG(recessive model OR=4.63;95%CI:2.44-8.79,P<0.0001)*** TLR9-1486,an association between the CT+TT genotypes and increased risk of both GC(dominant model OR=2.72,95%CI:1.57-4.72,P<0.0001)and CG(dominant model OR=1.79,95%CI:1.15-2.79,P=0.0094)was observed when compared to the C ***,the presence of TLR9-1237 TC/CC+TLR9-1486 CC genotypes potentiate the risk for this neoplasm(OR=18.57;95%CI:5.06-68.15,P<0.0001).The TLR9 mRNA level was significantly higher in the GC group(RQ=9.24,P<0.0001)in relation to the CG group(RQ=1.55,P=0.0010)and normal mucosa(RQ=1.0).When the sa

关键词： Toll-like receptor 9 Helicobacter pylori Gastric cancer Chronic gastritis Polymorphisms Gene expression

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