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Immunometabolism: A target for the comprehension of immune response toward transplantation

World Journal of Transplantation 2019年第2期9卷 27-34页

作者： Omar Domínguez-Amorocho Tatiana Takiishi flavia franco da cunha Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara Department of Immunology Biomedical Sciences InstituteUniversity of Sao Paulo

Organ transplantation is a life-saving procedure, however predicting graft survival is still challenging. Understanding immune-cell pathobiology is critical to the development of effective therapies to prevent rejection. Over the recent years it has become progressively evident that the complex nature of immune cell behavioral dynamics is strongly dependent on cellular metabolism, which in turn, relies on competition for nutrients, oxygen and metabolites with other immune cells and microbiota. Furthermore, the influence of the inflammatory state can lead to substantial changes in conditions within the tissue microenvironment. Considering the context of immunity, alterations in metabolic pathways (glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, and the amino acid metabolic pathways) will influence the production of different sets of cytokines and affect transplantation outcome. It is now known that na?ve, resting and effector cells acquire different metabolic profiles and studies have shown that specifically targeting some of these metabolic routes can prevent differentiation of effector T cells in favor of Tregs. Ultimately, to develop effective therapies that will prevent graft loss and understanding how cell metabolism impacts the fate and function of immune cells is now a critical point of discussion. The distinct metabolic features and requirements observed in effector and suppressive cell subsets offer promising opportunities for selective regulation of the immune responses in transplantation and will be discussed in this review.

关键词： Transplantation Metabolic processes Immune tolerance Metabolic activation Inflammatory response

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Old game, new players: Linking classical theories to new trends in transplant immunology

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World Journal of Transplantation 2017年第1期7卷 1-25页

作者： Marina Burgos da Silva flavia franco da cunha Fernanda Fernandes Terra Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara Department of Immunology Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S?o Paulo Nephrology Division Department of Medicine Federal University of S?o Paulo Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine University of S?o Paulo

The evolutionary emergence of an efficient immune system has a fundamental role in our survival against pathogenic attacks. Nevertheless, this same protective mechanism may also establish a negative consequence in the setting of disorders such as autoimmunity and transplant rejection. In light of the latter, although research has long uncovered main concepts of allogeneic recognition, immune rejection is still the main obstacle to long-term graft survival. Therefore, in order to define effective therapies that prolong graft viability, it is essential that we understand the underlying mediators and mechanisms that participate in transplant rejection. This multifaceted process is characterized by diverse cellular and humoral participants with innate and adaptive functions that can determine the type of rejection or promote graft acceptance. Although a number of mediators of graft recognition have been described in traditional immunology, recent studies indicate that defining rigid roles for certain immune cells and factors may be more complicated than originally conceived. Current research has also targeted specific cells and drugs that regulate immune activation and induce tolerance. This review will give a broad view of the most recent understanding of the allogeneic inflammatory/tolerogenic response and current insights into cellular and drug therapies that modulate immune activation that may prove to be useful in the induction of tolerance in the clinical setting.

关键词： Transplant immunology Immune rejection Inflammation Adaptive immunity Innate immunity Graft tolerance

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Ethylene-auxin crosstalk regulates postharvest fruit ripening process in apple

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Fruit Research 2021年第1期1卷 116-128页

作者： Nicola Busatto Alice Tadiello Marco Moretto Brian Farneti Francesca Populin Urska Vrhovsek Mauro Commisso Elisa Sartori Paolo Sonego franco Biasioli Guglielmo Costa flavia Guzzo Paolo Fontana Kristof Engelen Fabrizio Costa Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Machvia Mach 138098 San Michele all'AdigeTrentoItaly Department of Biotechnology University of VeronaStrada le Grazie 15CàVignal 137134 VeronaItaly Department of Agricultural Science University of BolognaVia Fanin 4640127BolognaItaly Center Agriculture Food Environment C3A University of TrentoVia Mach 138098 San Michele all'AdigeTrentoItaly

The ripening of climacteric fruits,such as apple,is represented by a series of genetically programmed events orchestrated by the action of several *** this study,we investigated the existence of a hormonal crosstalk between ethylene and auxin during the post-harvest ripening of three internationally known apple cultivars:‘Golden Delicious',‘Granny Smith'and‘Fuji'.The normal climacteric ripening was impaired by the exogenous application of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)that affected the production of ethylene and the physiological behaviour of specific ethylene-related quality traits,such as fruit texture and the production of volatile organic *** application of 1-MCP induced,moreover,a de-novo accumulation of *** RNA-Seq wide-transcriptome analysis evidenced as the competition at the level of the ethylene receptors induced a cultivar-dependent transcriptional *** DEGs annotation carried out through the KEGG database identified as most genes were assigned to the plant hormone signaling transduction category,and specifically related to auxin and *** interplay between these two hormones was further assessed through a candidate gene analysis that highlighted a specific activation of GH3 and ILL genes,encoding key steps in the process of the auxin homeostasis *** results showed that a compromised ethylene metabolism at the onset of the climacteric ripening in apple can stimulate,in a cultivar-dependent fashion,an initial de-novo synthesis and de-conjugation of auxin as a tentative to restore a normal ripening progression.

关键词： crosstalk cultivar process

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