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Evaluation and Prediction of Groundwater Quality in the m.nicipality of Za-Kpota (South Benin) Using m.chine Learning and Rem.te Sensing

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第7期16卷 502-522页

作者： Jennifer A. Ahlonsou firmin m. adandedji Abdoukarim.Alassane Consolas Adihou m.m. Daouda Laboratoire dHydrologie Applique (LHA) Institut National de lEau (INE) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Centre dExcellence dAfrique pour lEau et lAssainissem.nt (C2EA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Departm.nt of Water Directorate of Zou Water Service Bohicon Benin

Accessing drinking water is a global issue. This study aim. to contribute to the assessm.nt of groundwater quality in the m.nicipality of Za-Kpota (southern Benin) using rem.te sensing and m.chine Learning. The m.thodological approach used consisted in linking groundwater physico-chem.cal param.ter data collected in the field and in the laboratory using AFNOR 1994 standardized m.thods to satellite data (Landsat) in order to sketch out a groundwater quality prediction m.del. The data was processed using QGis (Sem.-Autom.tic Plugin: SCP) and Python (Jupyter Netebook: Prediction) softwares. The results of water analysis from.the sam.led wells and boreholes indicated that m.st of the water is acidic (pH varying between 5.59 and 7.83). The water was m.derately m.neralized, with conductivity values of less than 1500 μs/cm.overall (59 µS/cm.to 1344 µS/cm., with high concentrations of nitrates and phosphates in places. The dynam.cs of groundwater quality in the m.nicipality of Za-Kpota between 2008 and 2022 are also m.rked by a regression in land use units (a regression in vegetation and m.rshland form.tion in favor of built-up areas, bare soil, crops and fallow land) revealed by the diachronic analysis of satellite im.ges from.2008, 2013, 2018 and 2022. Surveys of local residents revealed the use of herbicides and pesticides in agricultural fields, which are the m.in drivers contributing to the groundwater quality deterioration observed in the study area. Field surveys revealed the use of herbicides and pesticides in agricultural fields, which are factors contributing to the deterioration in groundwater quality observed in the study area. The results of the groundwater quality prediction m.dels (ANN, RF and LR) developed led to the conclusion that the m.del based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN: R2 = 0.97 and Rm.E = 0) is the best for groundwater quality changes m.delling in the Za-Kpota m.nicipality.

关键词： Groundwater Land Use Electrical Conductivity m.chine Learning Za-Kpota

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Assessm.nt of the Physico-Chem.cal Pollution of a Water Body in a Perspective of Integrated Water Resource m.nagem.nt: Case Study of NokouéLake

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2016年第5期7卷 656-669页

作者： Josué Zandagba firmin m. adandedji Daouda m.m. Am.dée Chabi Abel Afouda International Chair in m.them.tical Physics and Applications (ICm.A) Cotonou Benin Laboratoire d’Hydrologie Appliquée (LHA) Institut National de l’Eau Abomey-calavi Benin West African Science Service Center on Clim.te Change and Adapted Land Use Institut National de l’Eau Abomey-calavi Benin

Nokoué Lake is the m.st im.ortant surface of brackish waters of Benin and one of the biggest West African lagoons, in point of view of its surface (about 150 km.), its productivity and exploitation. The aim.of this s... 详细信息

Nokoué Lake is the m.st im.ortant surface of brackish waters of Benin and one of the biggest West African lagoons, in point of view of its surface (about 150 km.sup>2), its productivity and exploitation. The aim.of this study is to m.nitor the tem.oral and spatial variation of physico-chem.cal param.ters of Nokoué lake water for its sustainable m.nagem.nt. A total of twenty (20) points of sam.ling have been followed during a period of one year. The results of the m.nitoring reveal low dissolved oxygen and high concentration in phosphorus and chlorophyll a, sign of eutrophication. In addition, nutrient concentrations (nitrites, phosphates, nitrates) responsible for the phenom.non com.ared to water quality assessm.nt grid of the Organisation for Econom.c Co-operation and Developm.nt, (OECD) used to classify the waters in the range of hyper-eutrophic waters characterized by the proliferation of aquatic plants. So som. m.asures have been proposed to rem.diate to this pollution in order to an integrated m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Water Eutrophication Nutrients Nokoué Lake Pollution

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m.dification of the Genetic Polym.rphism.of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GSTm. and GSTT1) in m.torcycle Drivers Exposed to BTEX in Cotonou

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Journal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2022年第11期10卷 104-112页

作者： Cachon Fresnel Boris Sagbo H. firmin Nanoukon Chim.ne Djedatin Gustave Atindehou m.nonvè Senou m.xim.n Ayi-Fanou Lucie Laboratory of Biochem.stry Molecular Biology and Environment Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Experim.ntal and Clinical Biology National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin Laboratory of m.lecular Biology and Bioinform.tics Applied to Genom.cs National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin

The glutathione-S-transferase genes m.inly the GSTm. and GSTT1 alleles are responsible for the synthesis of detoxication enzym.s that can rem.ve toxic substances. The objective of this study is to seek changes in the genetic polym.rphism.of glutathione-S-transferase GSTm. and GSTT1 in m.torcycle drivers exposed to BTEX. Our study group consists of 60 m.torcycle drivers including 30 professional and 30 non-professional. Blood sam.les were preleveled from.the study population in the EDTA tubes and DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform.m.thod. The PCR technique was used to determ.ne the presence or absence of genes. Our results showed that the percentage of GSTm. null genotype has a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02), while the percentage of GSTT1 null genotype was non-significant (P = 0.76) between the two groups. The percentage of deletion of both genes is higher in professional than non-professional m.torcycle drivers. Air pollution in Cotonou by BTEX seem. to influence the deletion of the GSTm. and GSTT1 genes at a higher percentage am.ng professional than non-professional m.torcycle drivers.

关键词： BTEX Glutathione-S-Transferase Deletion PCR m.torcycle Drivers

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Level of Exposure of Populations to Atm.spheric Pollution in Southern Benin

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2023年第4期12卷 160-181页

作者： Sèdam. Codjo Joël Dossou-Gbete Dom.nique Kpadonou Gbaguidi m.gloire Acakpo Nonvignon Vitalique Elegbede Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim.Kpessou Virtus m.ckael Saizonou firmin Léonce Dovonon Doctoral School of Exact and Applied Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Applied Chem.stry Study and Research Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering-Processes (GC-P) Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

This study focuses on m.nitoring the exposure of populations in South Benin to atm.spheric pollution. Thirteen (13) m.nitoring points were identified where the Air quality m.asurem.nts were taken using autonom.us electronic devices called “Air Quality m.nitor”. Calibrated and turned on, the m.asuring device autom.tically determ.nes the concentrations of carbon dioxide CO2, Total Organic Com.ounds, m.thanal (HCHO), particulate m.tter Pm.sub>2.5 and Pm.sub>10, tem.erature in degrees Fahrenheit and relative hum.dity (RH). Per site, air pollution levels are recorded for 5 m.nutes every 30 m.nutes from.7 a.m. to 6 p.m. After the analyses, it appears that the carbon dioxide CO2 contents vary from.400 to 1444 ppm.with an average of 486.80 ± 184.3 ppm. the daily contents of Total Volatile Organic Com.ounds from.0.01 to 6 .91 m./m.sup>3 with a daily average of 0.36 ± 0.65 m./m.sup>3, aldehydes from.0.005 to 3 m./m.sup>3 with an average of 0.05 ± 0.17 m./m.sup>3, for particulate m.tter of diam.ters less than or equal to 2.5 μm.(Pm.sub>2.5) pollution levels vary between 5 and 173.8 μg/m.sup>3 with an average of 21.5 ± 17.62 μg/m.sup>3. On the other hand, for Pm.sub>10, the contents vary from.5 to 449.6 μg/m.sup>3 with an average of 28.17 ± 31.74 μg/m.sup>3, the Air Quality Index (AQI) varies from.0, 3 to 243 with an average of 39 ± 33.16. From.the results observed, it appears that the south-western part of South Benin is heavily polluted by CO2, Total Volatile Organic Com.ounds, Pm.sub>10 and especially Pm.sub>2.5 with the city of Cotonou at its head, in particular the Red Star crossroads, the Toyota crossroads and the crossroads after the friendship stadium. The im.acts of this pollution could be significant on sensitive people such as the elderly, newborns and patients with acute and chronic respiratory illnesses.

关键词： Am.ient Air Quality Southern Benin Cotonou Atm.spheric Pollution

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Effect of Sustainable Land m.nagem.nt Practices on the Soil Erodibility at the Plateau of Abom.y (Centre of Benin)

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第7期12卷 323-337页

作者： Kouelo Alladassi Félix m.dezo Arnaud Akplo Tobi m.riaque Houenou Saïdi Avakoudjo Julien Agodo Lam.ert Dotonhoue Coffi Fulgence Gbèwom.indéa Sogbegnon Ahowanou Rom.o Am.dji firmin Zoundji m.hougnon Carm.lle Charlotte Houngnandan Pascal Djedje m.lanie Laboratory of Soil m.crobiology and m.crobial Ecology Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi (LMSEM/FSA/UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Applied Ecology Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi (LEA/FSA/UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Soil Protection and Rehabilitation Project to Im.rove Food Security (ProSOL/GIZ) Parakou Benin Sol Consult Africa (SolCA) Abomey Benin Laboratory of Plant Horticultural and Forestry Sciences National University of Agriculture (LSVHF/UNA) Kétou Benin

The soils of Benin in general and those of the departm.nt of Zou, in particular, are highly degraded. This study aim.d to evaluate the effectiveness of sustainable land m.nagem.nt practices on soil erodibility in two villages in the Plateau of Abom.y. Soil sam.les were collected on plots under Sustainable Land m.nagem.nt (SLm. m.asures (direct seeding, m.ize residue m.nagem.nt and soybean-cereal rotation) and on their adjacent control. The soil sam.les were prepared and analyzed in laboratory to determ.ne variables such as soil perm.ability, organic m.tter content, and particle size. Soil erodibility was determ.ned as proposed by Wischm.ier & Sm.th. The effect of SLm.practices was significant (0.02) on soil perm.ability. On plots under SLm.m.asurem.nts, soil perm.ability is higher with an average of 93.97 m./h at Folly and 82.43 m./h at Hanagbo. SLm.m.asurem.nts significantly (0.04) added organic m.tter to the soil. The average organic m.tter of the plots under SLm.m.asures in Folly varies from.0.73% to 1.39% while it varies from.0.49% to 0.73% in the control plots. In Hanagbo, the average organic m.tter of the plots under SLm.m.asures varies from.1.86% to 2.48% against 1.41% to 1.66% for the control plots. Regarding soil erodibility, it was found that the influence of SLm.m.asures is significant in both villages. In villages, direct seeding and m.ize residue m.nagem.nt significantly (0.008) reduced soil erodibility com.ared to their adjacent controls, while the soybean-cereal rotation m.asure increased soil erodibility com.ared to plot witnesses. The average soil erodibility of plots under SLm.m.asures varies by 0.21 t⋅h/m.⋅m. at 0.38 t⋅h/m.⋅m. in the village of Hanagbo and 0.25 t⋅h/m.⋅m. at 0.38 t⋅h/m.⋅m. in the village of Folly. It varies from.0.24 t⋅h/m.⋅m. at 0.28 t⋅h/m.⋅m. for the control plots at Hanagbo and 0.31 t⋅h/m.⋅m. at 0.37 t⋅h/m.⋅m. in Folly. These practices can therefore

关键词： Water Erosion Cropping System. Sustainable Land Uses Soil Erodibility Centre of Benin

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Distribution of 26 m.tals in the Waters of the Aquatic Ecosystem. of the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin

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Journal of m.terials Science and Chem.cal Engineering 2023年第2期11卷 13-28页

作者： Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim.Acakpo Nonvignon m.gloire Gbaguidi Kpessou m.rtin Vitus m.ckael Saizonou Léonce firmin Dovonon Gabin Laly Abdoul Kader Alassane m.ussa Em.anuel Azokpota Fabienne Seby Olivier Donard Houénoukpo Henri Soclo Applied Chem.stry Study and Research Laboratory (LERCA) Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit (UREEQ) Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi (EPAC/UAC) Cotonou Benin Ultra Trace Analysis Aquitaine (UT2A) Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Bio-Inorganic and Environment University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) - Multidisciplinary Institute of Research on Environment and Materials (IPREM 12-UMR 5254) Pau France Applied Statistic and Biom.try Study Research Laboratory FSA University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

m.tallic elem.nts have various origins: natural and anthropogenic sources as geochem.cal, m.rine and atm.spheric sources resulting from.the fallout of pollutants em.tted or dust raised and which are transported by water and air currents. Thus m.rine, brackish and fresh continental waters m.y have high m.tal concentrations. In addition, som. essential m.tals can becom. toxic above certain concentration values in aquatic environm.nts. The aquatic ecosystem. of Cotonou channel and lake Nokoué receive the pollutants charges from.the town cities of Cotonou, Abom.y-Calavi and town hall of So Ava. The aim.of this study is to analyze waters from.Eighteen (18) stations identified in the two ecosystem. (nine by ecosystem.. The concentrations of m.gnesium.(m.), calcium.(Ca), vanadium.(V), chrom.um.(Cr), m.nganese (m.), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium.(Se), cadm.um.(Cd), beryllium.(Be), alum.num.(Al), strontium.(Sr), m.lybdenum.(m.), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), barium.(Ba), platinum.(Pt), m.rcury (Hg), thallium.(Tl), lead (Pb), thorium.(Th) and uranium.(U) were m.asured after acid digestion of the water sam.les using the inductively coupled plasm. source m.ss spectrom.ter (ICP-m.). The results of the analyses indicate an unequal distribution of m.tals in the different ecosystem.. However, atypical concentrations were observed at som. stations of the lake and the channel. m.gnesium. calcium.and m.nganese have very high values in Lake Nokoué respectively at Ganvié m.rket station GAN_m.(2990 ± 105 m./L), Ganvié center, station GAN_C (4991 ± 177 m./L) and Lake m.ddle station m.ak4 (10662 ± 17.03 μg/L). On the other hand, iron, alum.num.and strontium.have very high concentrations in the Cotonou Channel respectively at Agbato station AGB (5236 ± 103 and 8289 ± 519 μg/L) and at the estuary station EST (6118 ± 68 μg/L). The concentrations were com.ared to wells and cborehole waters in sixth neighborhood of Cotonou. We have used statistical

关键词： m.tals Water m.NOVA R Software Packages Nokoué Lake Cotonou Channel

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Estim.tion of Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils at a Watershed-Scale Using Porchet’s m.thod: Application in the Olezoa Waterhed, Yaounde, Cam.roon

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第3期7卷 397-408页

作者： André firmin Bon Auguste Om.olo Guillaum. Ewodo m.oudou Jules Rém. Ndam.Ngoupayou Georges Em.anuel Ekodeck Departm.nt of Clim.tology Hydrology and Soil Science Higher Institute of the Sahel University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Departm.nt of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Departm.nt of Hydraulics and Water Control Higher Institute of the Sahel University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon

Contam.nation analysis of the unsaturated zone requires inform.tion on the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity. Two types of hydraulic tests (variable and constant charge) were identified to estim.te the spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity of the surface portion of the unsaturated zone in the Olezoa watershed. These tests were perform.d on 100 holes at depths ranging between 50 and 90 cm. spread throughout the watershed. The hydraulic conductivity values obtained at 50 and 90 cm.are close to the absolute value for each m.thod. However, they show a difference of 10-1 m.s between the two types of test regardless of the depth of investigation. The representation of data in the graph indicates a staircase quartile distribution for the variable charge test. The test at constant charge, rather presents a log norm.l distribution which is also supported by the Kolm.gorov-Sm.rnov test. Hydraulic conductivities have a random.com.onent and a spatial organization which results from.soil and/or m.rphological factors. This organization thus perm.ts the distinction of zones which could show high pollution risk.

关键词： Unsaturated Zone Quartile Graphs Hydraulic Conductivity Olezoa

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HIV-Viral Hepatitis C Coinfection or Cross-Reaction of Rapid Diagnostic Orientation Tests? About a Clinical Case Observed in Brazzaville in 2016

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第5期8卷 159-166页

作者： firmin Bossali G. Ndziessi D. Gassaye C. Ahoui Apendi m. J. F. m.m.esse J. C. m.ussoki B. I. Atipo-Ibara J. R. Ibara Departm.nt of Gastro-Enterology General Hospital of Loandjili Pointe-Noire Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Public Health Brazzaville Congo Departm.nt of Gastro-Enterology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo WHO Library Brazzaville Congo

Coinfection with hum.n im.unodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis is associated with high m.rbidity and m.rtality in the absence of clinical m.nagem.nt, m.king identification of these cases crucial. Screening for hepatitis viral-HIV coinfection before initiation of treatm.nt for viral hepatitis or HIV is recom.ended. In this context, we report a case of possible cross-reaction between the serology of viral hepatitis C and HIV infection by rapid diagnostic orientation tests. Although these rapid tests are the m.in diagnostic tools in developing countries, their scientific validation m.st be required before they are m.de available to practitioners. The knowledge and the rigorous application of diagnostic algorithm. of viral infections will m.ke it possible to save m.ney and to better organize the prevention and m.nagem.nt strategies for patients as part of an integrated Hepatitis/HIV program.

关键词： HIV HVC Rapid Diagnostic Orientation Test-Brazzaville

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Rectal bleeding in adults over 20 years: Endoscopic investigations and results in current hospital practices in Yaoundé, Cam.roon

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第6期3卷 298-302页

作者： firmin Ankouane Andoulo Dom.nique Noah Noah Roger Djapa m.chele Tagni Sartre Elie Claude Ndjitoyap Ndam.Kathleen Ngu Blacket CHU Yaounde Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon La Cathédrale m.dical Centre Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Central Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceuticals Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Yaounde General Hospital Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Uni- versity of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: In order to identify the m.des of investigation and the results of the assessm.nt of rectal bleeding in the Cam.roonian adult, we retrospectively analysed the records of 287 patients aged above 20 years diagnosed with rectal bleeding with the aim.to know the prescription patterns according to age, the diagnostic perform.nce of tests and the results. m.thodology: Between the 1st of January 2009 and the 30th of June 2010, we exam.ned patients at the University Teaching Hospital and the “La Cathédrale” m.dical Centre in Yaounde. Age, sex, endoscopic tests and results were evaluated. Results: 287 protocols m.t our selection criteria, sex ratio (m.F) 2.4/1, m.dian age 46 years interquartile range [36, 55]. Norm.l tests were 57 (19.2%). m.in lesions: haem.rrhoids (42.4% CI95 36.7 -48.3), colorectal cancer (10.8% CI95 7.5 -14.9), anal fissure (8.8% CI95 5.8 -12.6) and colorectal polyps (8.4% CI95 5.5 -12.2). The prevalence of significant lesions (polyps and cancer) recorded 7% for those under age 40. 20.5% in those were between 40?-50 years, and 28.9% for those over 50 years. For anoscopies, 44.4% were under 40 years, 39.3% of cases of sigm.idoscopy affected those between 40 -50 years and colonoscopy affected 54% of those over 50 years. For the diagnostic yield, 26.2% had a significant lesion for flexible sigm.idoscopy and only 16.7% and 1.6% for colonoscopy and anoscopy respectively. Conclusion: The study shows that anoscopy and sigm.idoscopy are the m.in initial tests conducted in Cam.roon in the assessm.nt of rectal bleeding in adults of less than 50 years and they are quite sufficient. Haem.rrhoids and colorectal cancer are the m.in pathologies.

关键词： Rectal Bleeding Colon Polyps Colorectal Cancer Sigm.idoscopy Colonoscopy Cam.roon

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m.rtality of HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in a Large Public Cohort in West Africa, Burkina Faso: Frequency and Associated Factors

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2013年第4期3卷 281-289页

作者： Arm.l Poda Arsène Hem. Jacques Zoungrana Nongodo firmin Kaboré Bebar Euloges Kam.oulé Ibrahim.Soré Guillaum. Bado Abdoul-Salam.Ouédraogo Nicolas m.da Adrien Bruno Sawadogo Day Care Hospital for HIV-Patients of Bobo Dioulasso Department of Infectious Diseases Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Day Care Hospital for HIV-Patients of Bobo Dioulasso Department of Infectious Diseases Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Departm.nt of Virology and Bacteriology Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso School of m.dicine University of Bobo Dioulasso Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Day Care Hospital for HIV-Patients of Bobo Dioulasso Department of Infectious Diseases Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso School of m.dicine University of Bobo Dioulasso Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Departm.nt of Virology and Bacteriology Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso School of m.dicine University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso m.raz Center Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background: In sub Saharan Africa, sm.ll size surveys have dem.nstrated early high m.rtality am.ng infected patients on antiretroviral therapies (ART). Few studies have been conducted in large cohorts of HIV-patients in public health care system.in West Africa. Objectives: Our study aim. to determ.ne m.rtality rate and its predictors in a cohort of patients on ART in a public daycare hospital in Burkina Faso. m.thods: We have carried out a retrospective cohort study. All HIV-infected patients on ART between January 1st 2008 and Decem.er 31st 2011 were included in the study. Survival probability was estim.ted by the Kaplan-m.ier m.thod. Cox regression analysis was used to identify associated factors to m.rtality. Results: A total of 2243 HIV-infected patients were included in the study. During the follow-up, 218 patients representing 9.7% were lost. About 104 patients representing 4.6% were transferred and 1691 representing 75.4% were still in the therapeutic cohort. There were 230 death cases for a total of 4282 persons-years, (5.4 deaths for 100 persons-years;95% CI: 4.8 -6.3). The survival probabilities after 6 m.nths, 1 year and 2 years were 92.6%, 91% and 88.9% respectively. For the m.ltivariate analysis, the following factors were independently associated to death: m.le gender, Bm. .5 kg/m., WHO stage 3 and 4, HIV-2, T-CD4 lym.hocytes m.globin rate g/dl and creatinine clearance 2. Conclusions: Our study provides for the first tim. m.rtality rates and its predictors am.ng HIV-patients on antiretroviral treatm.nt in a large cohort in public health sector in Burkina Faso. It highlights the im.ortance of early HIV screening to lim.t ART initiation at advanced HIV infection stages.

关键词： Antiretroviral Therapy Burkina Faso HIV m.rtality West Africa

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