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Cities and sustainability: Environmental Urban Curve and global-scale territorial scenarios

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Cities and sustainability: Environmental Urban Curve and glo...

Liraglutide vs Exenatide: Patient Adherence, Medication Persistence and Economic Evaluation in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

作者： fiorenzo Ferlaino Services of Territorial Politics Institute of Economic and Social Research of Piedmont

In the ’50s, the economist Simon Kuznets theorized the existence of a bell-shaped curve describing the correlation between the level of GDP per capita and income inequality, and, therefore, the existence of a trade- off between economic development and income distribution in mature economies. This hypothesis was never fully proved. However, it generated another hypothesis concerning the existence of an inverted U relationship between income per capita （GDP） and environmental impact. In this article, the focus is on one aspect of the issue still poorly investigated. The influence of urban development on environmental impact will be evaluated by means of a cross-country analysis and it will be demonstrated that, at least at the global scale, this relation is shaped by an Environmental Urban Curve （EUC） rather than an Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC）. In fact, it is not the economic development but the development of cities- resulting in a more compact social structure- that generates less impact in the so-called mature societies. The role of the city with respect to consumption and environmental impact appears as a complex dynamic and will be explained by means of the I-PAT Equation （Ehrlich and Holdren 1971）, measuring , both qualitatively and quantitatively, the impact generated by the socioeconomic metabolism. The economies of scale, considered unimportant in the literature that has dealt with the EKC, seem to be the primary cause of the reduction of the environmental impact in highly urbanized nations. This analysis shows the particular role of cities as places which can be regarded as attractors and engines of growth in early stages and centers of demographic contraction and optimization of energy flows, in a later phase. The urban organization is indeed a form of interaction with the natural capital that, in a first time, acts as an accelerator of consumption, and, after a certain threshold of development （the turning point）, acts as a feedback factor resulting

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第4期5卷 332-339页

作者： fiorenzo Santoleri Paola Sorice Ruggero Lasala Alberto Costantini Hospital Pharmacy General Hospital of Pescara Pescara Italy

Introduction: Liraglutide and Exenatide are used in adults who are affected by type-2 diabetes to control their blood glucose level. They are administered by the patients by subcutaneous injection, Liraglutide once a day while Exenatide twice a day. The aim of this study was to evaluate medication adherence and persistence of treatment with Liraglutide and Exenatide with a new strategy of calculation also giving economic evaluations on therapy costs for Received Daily Dose. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we took into account 16 months from 1st September 2011 to 31st December 2012. Treatment adherence was quantified utilizing the ratio between RDD and Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD). Persistence is calculated into account the actual therapy days, comparing posology with supplied dose and the graph is drawn using Kaplan-Meir method. Results: The number of patients studied for Liraglutide was 114 and 220 and 58 and 60 for Exenatide respectively in 2011 and 2012. Adherence to therapy, calculated as the ratio between RDD and PDD, in 2011 was 0.93 for Exenatide and 0.87 for Liraglutide, while in 2012 it was 0.94 and 0.90 for Liraglutide and Exenatide, respectively. The cost per day of therapy (cost per RDD) for Liraglutide was €2.88 and €2.78 and for Exenatide was €2.37 and €2.48 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Conclusion: The dosage regimen, therefore, plays an important role in improving the medication adherence.

关键词： Type-2 Diabetes Received Daily Dose Prescribed Daily Dose Medication Adherence and Persistence

Analysis of human skin tissue by a skin-meter: A preliminary study

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Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2012年第4期2卷 107-111页

作者： Sergio Mazzulla Annarita Carino Antonino Miano fiorenzo Mignini Giovanni Bartolomei Guglielmo Martino Department of Cellular Biology University of Calabria Cosenza Italy Department of Chemistry University of Calabria Cosenza Italy Department of Public Healthy and Experimental Medicine University of Camerino Camerino Italy

The aim of this study is to evaluate the skin elasticity in individuals who practise spinning. Mechanical eva- luations were conducted, under environmental and physical established conditions, during a physical training period. A total of 12 volunteers aged 35 ± 5 years were enrolled in this study, (60 min) before (control) and (60 min) after practicing spinning. Skin elasticity and area were measured by a Skin Meter and analysed with the Skin Meter software 1.3. In subjects who practiced spinning, the data shown a sig-nificant effect: on elasticity, evaluated as the ratio of final retraction (UA) and final distension (UF), on viscoelasticity express as the ratio delayed distension (UV) and immediate distension (UE);and on measurements of skin area vs control subjects. Skin Meter can be useful for a non-invasive screening of skin condition with also a potential extension in subjects with skin pathologies or to monitor skin oxidative stress in sportive subjects.

关键词： Skin Meter Elasticity Skin Parameters Spinning

1.3 μm emitting SrF2：Nd^3＋ nanoparticles for high contrast in vivo imaging in the second biological window

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Nano Research 2015年第2期8卷 649-665页

作者： Irene Villa Anna Vedda Irene Xochilt Cantarelli Marco Pedroni Fabio Piccinelli Marco Bettinelli Adolfo Speghini Marta Quintanilla fiorenzo Vetrone Ueslen Rocha Carlos Jacinto Elisa Carrasco Francisco Sanz Rodrfguez Angeles Juarranz Blanca del Rosal Dirk H. Ortgies Patricia Haro Gonzalez Jose Garcia Sole Daniel Jaque Garcia Department of Materials Science University of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Universita di Verona and INSTM UdR Verona Strada le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Energie Materiaux et Telecommunications Universitd du Quebec Varennes QC PQ J3X 1S2 Canada Grupo de Fotonica e Fluidos Complexos Instituto de Fisica Universidade Federal de Alagoas 57072-970 Maceio Alagoas Brazil Departamento de Biologia Facultad de Ciencias Campus de Cantoblanco Universidad Autdnoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain Fluorescence Imaging Group Departamento de Fisica de Maferiales Facultad de Ciencias Campus de Cantoblanco Universidad Aut6noma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain

Novel approaches for high contrast, deep tissue, in vivo fluorescence biomedical imaging are based on infrared-emitting nanoparticles working in the so-called second biological window （1,000-1,400 nm）. This allows for the acquisition of high resolution, deep tissue images due to the partial transparency of tissues in this particular spectral range. In addition, the optical excitation with low energy （infrared） photons also leads to a drastic reduction in the contribution of autofluorescence to the in vivo image. Nevertheless, as is demonstrated here, working solely in this biological window does not ensure a complete removal of autofluorescence as the specimens diet shows a remarkable infrared fluorescence that extends up to 1,100 nm. In this work, we show how the 1,340 nm emission band of Nd3. ions embedded in SrF2 nanoparticles can be used to produce autofluorescence free, high contrast in vivo fluorescence images. It is also dem- onstrated that the complete removal of the food-related infrared autofluorescence is imperative for the development of reliable biodistribution studies.

关键词： fluorescence imaging rare earth dopednanoparticles nanomedicine

Alternatives to clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes:Prasugrel or ticagrelor?

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World Journal of Cardiology 2010年第6期2卷 131-134页

作者： Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai Marzia Lotrionte fiorenzo Gaita Division of Cardiology University of TurinSan Giovanni Battista "Molinette" Hospital Unit for Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation Catholic University

Clopidogrel is a mainstay in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes or those receiving endovascular ***,its efficacy has been challenged in the recent past by studies suggesting variable individual responsiveness and by new,more potent competitors,such as prasugrel and ticagrelor. But what is the actual body of evidence in support of clopidogrel?Is there any dark side of the moon?What is the role of prasugrel,which has already been approved in Europe and in the United States?And what will be the future role of ticagrelor,when approved for routine clinical practice?We hereby concisely summarize the scope of this clinical choice,providing arguments in favor and against each of the three antiplatelet agents:clopidogrel,prasugrel,and ticagrelor.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome Clopidogrel Prasugrel Ticagrelor

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a 54-year-old patient with aggressive HIV

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第4期2卷 97-99页

作者： Stefano Salizzoni Fabrizio D’Ascenzo Claudio Moretti Stefano Bonora Andrea Calcagno Pierluigi Omedè Chiara Montrucchio Enrico Cerrato Chiara Colaci Imad Sheiban Sebastiano Marra Mauro Rinaldi fiorenzo Gaita Division of Cardiac Surgery Città della Salute e della Scienza10126 Turin Italy Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Turin S. Giovanni Battista "Molinette" Hospital10126 Turin Italy Division of Infectious Disease Amedeo di Savoia Hospital10126 Turin Italy

We report a case of a 54-year-old patient who was denied surgical replacement for severe aortic stenosis because of complicated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and who successfully underwent transcatheter aortic va... 详细信息

关键词： Severe aortic stenosis Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Transcatheter aortic valve implantation Heart team Periprocedural complications

Berberine behind the thriller of marked symptomatic bradycardia

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World Journal of Cardiology 2013年第7期5卷 261-264页

作者： Margherita Cannillo Simone Frea Cristina Fornengo Elisabetta Toso Giancarlo Mercurio Stefania Battista fiorenzo Gaita Division of Cardiology Cardio-vascular DepartmentAOU S.Giovanni Battista di Torino and University of Torino10100 TorinoItaly Emergency Department AOU S.Giovanni Battista di Torino and University of Torino10100 TorinoItaly

Berberine is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia and has a good safety profile. We report a case of a 53-year-old sportsman referred to our hospital for the onset of fatigue and dyspnoea upon exertion after he started berberine to treat hypercholesterolaemia. An electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia (45 bpm), first-degree atrioventricular block, and competitive junctional rhythm. An ergometric stress test showed slightly reduced chronotropic competence and the presence of runs of competitive junctional rhythm, atrial tachycardia, and sinus pauses in the recovery. After 10 d of wash-out from berberine, the patient experienced a complete resolution of symptoms, and an ergometric stress test showed good chronotropic competence. An electrocardiogram Holtershowed a latent hypervagotonic state. This is the first case report that shows that berberine could present certain side effects in hypervagotonic people, even in the absence of a situation that could cause drug accumulation. Therefore, berberine's use should be carefully weighed in hypervagotonic people due to the drug's bradycardic and antiarrhythmic properties, which could became proarrhythmic, exposing patients to potential health risks.

关键词： Berberine Bradyarrhythmia Side effect Hypervagotonia Hypercholesterolaemia Electrocardiogram

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蚕丝变血管

环球科学 2010年第12期 26-27页

作者：菲奥伦佐·奥梅内托（fiorenzo Omenetto）戴维·卡普兰（David Kaplan）褚波（翻译）美国塔夫斯大学生物医学工程学院不详

在科学家手中，蚕丝将会变成动脉血管、韧带、电路和传感器。

关键词：丝制材料生物相容性蚕丝血管电子传感器