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Extreme Weather Disruptions and Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in Ohio: An Eight-county Assessment

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 213-225页

作者： Smitha Rao fiona c.Doherty Anthony Traver Marisa Sheldon Emma Sakulich Holly Dabelko‑Schoeny college of Social Work The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Age Friendly Innovation center College of Social WorkThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA college of Public Health The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union county reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette county reported the lowest. county-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette county emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. county profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Extreme weather Midwestern United States Older adults Regional assessment Social vulnerability

Understanding Urban Vitality from the Economic and Human Activities Perspective:A case Study of chongqing,china

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chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 52-66页

作者： YANG fiona Fan LIN Geng LEI Yubing WANG Ying YI Zheng School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519100China chongqing Planning and Design Institute Chongqing401147China

The literature on urban vitality tends to focus on the built *** paper argues that some important processes in shaping vitality may be overlooked without examining the intensity and diversity of economic and human *** newly developed spatial big data and adopting the methods of multi-indicator measurement and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the pattern of urban vitality in chongqing,a provincial city in western china and,on this basis,evaluated the creation and maintenance of urban vitality from the economic and human activities *** findings indicate that the impacts of economic and human activities are positive and *** the three intensity and diversity indicators,economic intensity and population density show an effect on urban vitality stronger than that of economic ***,economic diversity has the strongest superposition or interactive effect,and is thus an important foundation *** positive effect of population density on urban vitality is largely a result of chongqing’s jobs-housing *** case of chongqing highlights the importance of topographic features,historical inheritance,large-scale migration,and cultural activities in shaping the distinctive vitality pattern of a *** study contends that the creation and maintenance of urban vitality can not be fully explained without incorporating the impacts of economic and human *** contributes to a comprehensive measurement of urban vitality and enriches its connotations.

关键词： urban vitality economic diversity economic intensity population density chongqing,china

Development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 168-176页

作者： Luyang Xu Xiancheng Yu clement DFavier Ibidumo Igah Thuy-Tien Nguyen Warren Macdonald Anthony MJ.bull centre for Blast Injury Studies Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom

Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage,which occurs in 65%of military casualties with blast-associated ***,the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain *** models are used to study blast-induced HO,but developing such models is challenging,particularly in how to use a pure blast wave(primary blast)to induce limb fracture that then requires an *** studies,including our recent study,have developed platforms to induce limb fractures in rats with blast loading or a mixture of blast and impact ***,these models are limited by the survivability of the animal and repeatability of the *** this study,we developed an improved platform,aiming to improve the animal's survivability and injury repeatability as well as focusing on primary blast *** platform exposed only one limb of the rat to a blast wave while providing proper protection to the rest of the rat's *** obtained very consistent fracture outcome in the tibia(location and pattern)in cadaveric rats with a large range of size and ***,the rats did not obviously move during the test,where movement is a potential cause of uncontrolled *** further conducted parametric studies by varying the features of the design of the *** factors,such as how the limb is fixed and how the cavity through which the limb is placed is sealed,significantly affect the resulting *** platform and test setups enable well-controlled limb fracture induced directly by pure blast wave,which is the fundamental step towards a complete in vivo animal model for blast-induced HO induced by primary blast alone,excluding secondary and tertiary blast *** addition,the platform design and the findings presented here,particularly regarding the proper protection of the animal,have implications for future studies investigating localized blast injuries,such as blast induced brain and lung injuries.

关键词： Blast injury Biomechanics Heterotopic ossification Limb fracture Blast wave Animal model

BIKAS:Bio-Inspired Knowledge Acquisition and Simulacrum-A Knowledge Database to Support Multifunctional Design concept Generation

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Data Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 531-558页

作者： Pavan Tejaswi Velivela Yaoyao fiona Zhao Department of Mechanical Engineering McGill UniversityQuebecCanada H3A 0G4

A detailed acquisition,analysis,and representation of biological systems exhibiting different functions is required to develop unique bio-inspired multifunctional conceptual designs and *** paper presents BIKAS:Bio-inspired Knowledge Acquisition and Simulacrum,a knowledge database of biological systems exhibiting various functionalities,developed based on case-based bio-inspired examples from *** knowledge database represents the biological features,their characteristics,and the function exhibited by the biological feature as a combination of its integrated structure and structural ***,this knowledge database is utilized by the Expandable Domain Integrated Design(xDID)model that works on classifying,mapping,and representing biological features into their respective geometric designations called *** combination of features from the Domains results in the generation of multifunctional conceptual *** addition,Meta-level design factors are proposed to aid designers in filtering the biological features and their respective functions having a similar structural strategy,thus aiding designers in rapidly selecting and emulating biological functions.

关键词： Bio-inspired design(BID) Knowledge database conceptual design Multifunctional bio-inspired design Agile innovation

Ecological correlates of sport and exercise participation among Thai adolescents:A hierarchical examination of a cross-sectional population survey

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 592-605页

作者： Areekul Amornsriwatanakul Leanne Lester fiona.c.bull Michael Rosenberg college of Sports Science and Technology Mahidol University999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 SalayaPhutthamonthon DistrictNakhon Pathom 73170Thailand School of Human Sciences(Exercise and Sport Science) The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayNedlandsPerthWA 6009Australia centre for Built Environment and Health School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayNedlandsPerthWA 6009Australia

Background:Understanding factors influencing adolescents’ sport/exercise participation(S/EP) is vital to developing effective interventions,but currently,evidence from less developed countries is *** purpose of this study was to examine correlates of S/EP across individual,interpersonal,and environmental levels in a nationally representative sample of Thai ***:Data from 4617 Thai adolescents aged 14-17 years old were obtained from recruited schools across *** on S/EP(outcome variable),and psychosocial,home,and community environment covariates were collected from individual adolescents using the Thailand Physical Activity children Survey,Student *** environmental data were collected at the school level using a School Built Environment *** regressions taking into account school clustering effects were applied for data ***:At the individual level,age and body mass index were independently and strongly correlated with S/*** with high preference for physical activity(PA)(odd ratio(OR)=1.71,p cacy(OR=1.33,p=0.001) were more likely to have high S/*** the interpersonal level,adolescents whose parents joined their sports/exercise at least 1-2 times/week(OR=1.36,p=0.003) received>3 types of parental support(OR=1.43,p=0.005) and who received siblings’(OR=1.26,p=0.004) and friends’(OR=1.99,p chance of high S/*** the environmental level,adolescents’ S/EP was greater when there were at least 3-4 pieces of home sport/exercise equipment(OR=2.77,p=0.003),grass areas at school(OR=1.56,p cilities in the community(OR=1.30,p=0.009).conclusion:Multiple factors at different levels within an ecological framework influencing Thai adolescents’ S/EP were generally similar to those found in developed countries,despite some *** those interested in promoting and supporting Thai adole

关键词： National survey Noncommunicable diseases Physical activity Policy Thailand youthTagedEnd

Translating science to inform global policy on physical activity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 3-4页

作者： fiona bull Surveillance and Population Based Prevention Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease World Health Organization School of Human Science The University of Western Australia

Regular physical activity(PA)provides well established multiple health benefits and can improve physical,mental,and social health for people of all *** 2004,the World Health Organization(WHO)launched the first global strategy on diet and PA,1which urged all countries to implement a set of recommended policy actions to increase levels of ***

关键词：物理科学翻译乐观主义健康催化剂 PA 宽度

What is driving gender inequalities in physical activity among adolescents?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 424-426页

作者： Regina Guthold Juana Willumsen fiona claire bull Adolescent and Young Adult Health Unit MaternalNewbornChild and Adolescent Health and Ageing DepartmentWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland Physical Activity Unit Health Promotion DepartmentWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland

In most countries around the globe,adolescent girls are less physically active than ***,the majority of studies have been conducted in high-income countries,while there is less evidence from low-and middle-income countries.1 The reasons for this gender difference in physical activity(PA)participation are poorly understood.A recently published article by Ricardo et al.2 on gender inequalities in adolescent PA from 64 global south countries seeks to close this knowledge gap.

关键词： inequalities physically income

Maternal Mortality Rates among Im/Migrant Populations in the United States

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1161-1175页

作者： Tessa Peredy Mary Greenwald Katy Doughty Fachon fiona Danaher Rashmi Jasrasaria Samantha Truong Annekathryn Goodman University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine Biddeford ME United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Boston MA United States center for Immigrant Health Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Boston MA United States

Introduction: Maternal mortality rates have more than doubled in the U.S over the last two decades, making it one of the few places in the world where maternal mortality is increasing. Differences in maternal mortality among certain races and ethnicities are known but few studies examine maternal mortality among immigrants. Since immigrants represent 13.7% of the U.S. population, it is essential to examine immigrant subsets to understand maternal mortality among this vulnerable population. Methods: A literature search identified 318 articles on maternal mortality and immigrants, with 12 articles from the U.S. The keywords included maternal mortality, United States, migrants, asylum seekers, immigrants, and disparities. Maternal mortality statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization and center for Disease control. Results: Studies analyzed in this review found an overall lower maternal mortality rate among immigrant women compared to U.S.-born women, except for Hispanic immigrant women. Black women had the highest maternal mortality rate, regardless of immigration status. conclusion: Although the literature points to lower maternal mortality among immigrants, the data is still somewhat mixed, making it challenging to draw comprehensive conclusions. Additional research examining maternal mortality among Im/migrants in the U.S. is needed to guide future training among healthcare professionals and policymakers.

关键词： Maternal Mortality Im/Migrant Reproductive Health United States

Light sheet microscope scanning of biointegrated microlasers for localized refractive index sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第8期12卷 1673-1680页

作者： ROSS c.cOWIE MARcEL ScHUBERT SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK Humboldt centre for Nano and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

Whispering gallery mode(WGM)microlasers are highly sensitive to localized refractive index changes allowing to link their emission spectrum to various chemical,mechanical,or physical *** recently found applications in biological studies within single cells,in three-dimensional samples such as multicellular spheroids,or in ***,detailed studies of biological samples also need to account for the structural heterogeneity of tissues and live animals,therefore requiring a combination of high-resolution microscopy and laser ***,we design and construct a light sheet fluorescence microscope with a coupled spectrometer for use in microlaser studies for combined high-resolution,high-speed imaging and WGM spectral *** light sheet illumination profile and the decoupled geometry of excitation and emission hereby directly affect the lasing and sensing properties,mainly through geometric constraints and by light coupling *** demonstrate the basic working principle of microlaser spectroscopy under light sheet excitation and measure the absolute refractive index within agarose and in zebrafish tail muscle *** further analyze the light coupling conditions that lead to the occurrence of two separate oscillation *** so-called cross modes can be scanned around the entire microlaser surface,which allows to estimate a surface-averaged refractive index profile of the microlaser environment.

关键词： refractive index excitation