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Food supply and the obesity scourge: Is there a relationship?

Health 2012年第12期4卷 1457-1463页

作者： Lillian Mwanri Wendy Foley John Coveney Robert Muller fiona verity Paul R. Ward Patricia Carter Philip Mohr Anne Taylor Department of Social Work Flinders University Adelaide Australia Discipline of Public Health Flinders University Adelaide Australia Health Promotion Branch SA Health Adelaide Australia Inala Indigenous Health Service Queensland Health Inala Australia Population Research and Outcome Studies Unit SA Health Adelaide Australia School of Psychology University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia

This paper reviews literature on the relationship between food supply and obesity. The focus is on the supply, cost, and variety of food through various types of food outlets and the impact of these factors on obesity in developed countries. The article reveals complex relationships between food supply factors and obesity. A numer of factors related to lifestyles including the mobility of populations and the use of motor vehicles greatly reduce the impact of the local environment on family and individual eating patterns. However, obesity is also affected by factors such as the type and density of food outlets, the cost of food, the travel distance and means of transport to the food outlet. While the relationship between food supply and obesity in the literature reveals complex and mixed findings, this paper concludes obesity is complex and food supply is only part of this phenomenon’s predictors. Because the relationship between food supply and obesity is mediated by such multiple and complex factors including population behaviours, beliefs, lifestyles, knowledge and both food and physical environments;multiple strategies including policy development and other strategies aimed at manipulating food environments, physical environments, populations’ beliefs, behaviours and practices must be considered in searching for evidence to effectively combat obesity.

关键词： Obesity Food Supply Food Outlets Socio Economic Status Complex Relationships

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An overview of patterns and trends in nursing publications from the People's Republic of China

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Frontiers of Nursing 2020年第2期7卷 111-118页

作者： fiona Timmins School of Nursing and Midwifery Trinity College DublinDublin D02 T283Ireland

Objective:To explore patterns and trends in nursing publications from the People's Republic of ***:Using the Scopus online database,the author performed two searches in August *** first search identified all items in the category of nursing affiliated to China,and the second search identified publications from China within one specific nursing *** author used a theoretical framework to provide a more in-depth understanding of patterns and trends within these ***:The number of articles categorized as nursing,with listed authorship in China,within the Scopus database was 17,*** majority of published papers were categorized as ***-ranking Chinese universities,such as Peking University and Fudan University,scored high in terms of several publications listed within the *** categorized as nursing,the most common source titles that are mostly high-ranking journals did not feature the high-ranking nursing *** authors were generally not affiliated with nursing *** analysis of one of the top-ranking nursing journals,the Journal of Nursing Management,featured top Chinese universities and consistent nursing *** authors were found to have lower h-indices than international nursing ***:There has been a steady increase year by year in publications categorized as nursing from China since 2009,with the majority of published papers categorized as *** is clear evidence of scholarly activity in nursing in China,both in the published literature and anecdotally in ***,nursing scholars need to do more to increase dissemination and ensure that nursing professors are leading and driving nursing research,although in a multidisciplinary *** is also a need for increased exposure of Chinese nursing scholarship in high-ranking nursing journals.

关键词： nurse nursing research publication dissemination

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Translating science to inform global policy on physical activity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 3-4页

作者： fiona Bull Surveillance and Population Based Prevention Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease World Health Organization School of Human Science The University of Western Australia

Regular physical activity(PA)provides well established multiple health benefits and can improve physical,mental,and social health for people of all *** 2004,the World Health Organization(WHO)launched the first global strategy on diet and PA,1which urged all countries to implement a set of recommended policy actions to increase levels of ***

关键词：物理科学翻译乐观主义健康催化剂 PA 宽度

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Birthplace is not a determinant of colorectal adenomas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第26期20卷 8606-8611页

作者： fiona Tran Jenn Hian Koo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Liverpool Hospital Department of Gastroenterology The University of New South Wales

AIM: To examine the impact of the patient’s birthplace on the prevalence of colonic polyps and histopathological subtypes.

关键词： Ethnicity Polyps Adenomas Advanced adenomas Colorectal cancer

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The“Great Flood”of 1926:environmental change and post-disaster management in British Malaya

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第11期2卷 10-18页

作者： fiona Williamson Asia Research Institute 10 Kent Ridge CrescentNational University of Singapore119260Singapore

This paper is an historical case study of a major flood that occurred in British Malaya in *** focuses on two key ***,that the magnitude and subsequent impacts of the flood were exacerbated by contemporary industrial,agricultural,and hydraulic ***,that this event pushed the British colonial government toward improving their land and river management strategies over the following *** article draws on recent research arguing the importance of an historical approach to disaster,as it enables greater insight into a disaster’s causes and long-term political,social,and environmental *** on December 1926-a month of especially severe flooding likely linked to La Niña-this article will explore how those inundations became disastrous because of man-made changes enacted on the local *** will consider the sequential effect of the inundations,from their immediate to medium-term impact on the environment,to subsequent government-led flood mitigation *** viewing the mid-1920s floods as a catalyst for change,with the benefit of hindsight,it is also possible to assess how far these changes were positive or negative.

关键词： British Malaya disaster environment floods history hydraulic governance.

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Post-industrial Economic Restructuring and Wage Inequality in Urban China, 2003-2015: A Sectoral Perspective

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第3期30卷 516-531页

作者： YANG fiona Fan HU Fox Zhiyong WANG Yuhua School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of Asian and Policy Studies The Education University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Income inequality in urban China has attracted growing attention from China’s urban researchers and policy makers. Whereas many studies have interrogated the pattern and process of the income gap in Chinese cities undergoing the institutional transformation from plan to market, relatively little is known about how such unequal distribution of income is related to China’s ongoing structural transformation toward a post-industrial economy. Drawing on a decomposition methodology based on the Theil index, this study aimed to address this lacuna through an empirical investigation of China’s urban wage inequality from a sectoral perspective. Our empirical study identified the low-wage manufacturing sector and the high-wage producer services sector as the two biggest contributors to urban wage inequality in China. Urban wage inequality within the producer services was found to be caused by the spatial concentration of a disproportionate number of high-paying jobs in a few developed, high-tier city-regions on the eastern coast. Our empirical findings have important implications for the formulation of policies to address the income inequality that plagues China’s continuing urbanization.

关键词： wage inequality post-industrial economy economic restructuring producer service urban China

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Does bilateral otosclerosis make pre-operative bone conduction more inaccurate?

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Journal of Otology 2021年第1期16卷 1-5页

作者： fiona McClenaghan Jeremy Lavy The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital 330 Grays Inn RoadLondonWC1X 8DAUnited Kingdom

Objectives:To assess whether bilateral otosclerosis renders pre-operative bone conduction more inaccurate by increasing the Carhart ***:Retrospective review of a database of pre and post-operative audiograms of 745 ears with otosclerosis treated with stapedectomy from 2013 to 2020 in a tertiary *** outcome measures:Change in bone conduction after stapedectomy for otosclerosis in:unilateral otosclerosis(U1);bilateral otosclerosis undergoing first side surgery(B1);bilateral otosclerosis undergoing second side surgery(B2).The magnitude of change in bone conduction post-operatively within and between each ***:The average difference in pre and post-operative bone conduction was significant within in all groups(T-stat>2 and P-value<0.05)with the greatest change observed in the U1 *** of average change in bone conduction between groups did not reach statistical significance(Pvalue=0.37).Analysis of change per frequency demonstrated the greatest change in bone conduction post-operatively at 2000 Hz in all *** magnitude of change at 2000 Hz was the greatest in the bilateral groups;however,it did not reach statistical significance when compared to the unilateral group(P-value=0.36).Conclusions:This is the first study in the literature to assess the accuracy of pre-operative bone conduction in bilateral versus unilateral *** is no evidence that pre-operative bone conduction in bilateral otosclerosis is more inaccurate than in unilateral *** order to assess accuracy of pre-operative bone conduction in otosclerosis a reliable method of assessing post-operative bone conduction is required,without assumption of its equivalence to cochlear reserve.

关键词： Otosclerosis Stapedectomy Hearing loss Bone conduction

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Predicting systemic spread in early colorectal cancer: Can we do better?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第23期25卷 2887-2897页

作者： Scarlet fiona Brockmoeller Nicholas Paul West Pathology and Data Analytics Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St.James’sUniversity of LeedsSchool of MedicineLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

Through the implementation of national bowel cancer screening programmes we have seen a three-fold increase in early pT1 colorectal cancers, but how these lesions should be managed is currently unclear. Local excision can be an attractive option, especially for fragile patients with multiple comorbidities, but it is only safe from an oncological point of view in the absence of lymph node metastasis. Patient risk stratification through careful analysis of histopathological features in local excision or polypectomy specimens should be performed according to national guidelines to avoid under-or over-treatment. Currently national guidelines vary in their recommendations as to which factors should be routinely reported and there is no established multivariate risk stratification model to determine which patients should be offered major resectional *** histopathological parameters such as tumour grading or lymphovascular invasion have been shown to be predictive of lymph node metastasis in a number of studies but the inter-and intra-observer variation in reporting is high. Newer parameters including tumour budding and poorly differentiated clusters have been shown to have great potential, but again some improvement in the inter-observer variation is required. With the implementation of digital pathology into clinical practice, quantitative parameters like depth/area of submucosal invasion and proportion of stroma can be routinely assessed. In this review we present the various histopathological risk factors for predicting systemic spread in pT1 colorectal cancer and introduce potential novel quantitative variables and multivariable risk models that could be used to better define the optimal treatment of this increasingly common disease.

关键词： Early colorectal cancer Bowel cancer screening Local resection Major resection Morphological risk factors Conventional histopathology parameters Novel histopathology parameters Risk stratification models Digital pathology

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Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security： an AUSRIVAS case study

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 669-687页

作者： Susan J. NICHOLS fiona J. DYER Institute for Applied Ecology and MDBfutures CRN University of Canberra Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

River managers in Australia are managing in the face of extremes to provide security of water supply for people, production and the environment. Balancing the water requirements of people, environments and econo- mies requires that water security is viewed holistically, not just in terms of the water available for human consump- tion. Common definitions of water security focus on the needs of both humans and ecosystems for purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial use, and to maintain ecological values. Information about achieving water security for the environment or ecological purposes can be a challenge to interpret because the watering require- ments of key ecological processes or assets are not well understood, and the links between ecological and human values are often not obvious to water users. Yet the concepts surrounding river health are inherently linked to holistic concepts of water security. The measurement of aquatic biota provides a valuable tool for managers to understand progress toward achieving ecological water security objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the reference condition approach to river health assessment, using the development of the Australian River Assessment System （AUSRIVAS） as a case study. We make the link between the biological assessment of river health and assessment of ecological water security, and suggest that such an approach provides a way of reporting that is relevant to the contribution made by ecosystems to water security. The reference condition approach, which is the condition representative of minimally disturbed sites organized by selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, is most important for assessing ecological water security objectives.

关键词： ecological water security biological assessment river health

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Heterologous Expression of the Mevalonic Acid Pathway in Cyanobacteria Enhances Endogenous Carbon Partitioning to Isoprene

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 71-86页

作者： fiona K. Bentley Andreas Zurbriggen Anastasios Melis Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California 111 Koshland Hall Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA

Heterologous expression of the isoprene synthase gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 conferred upon these microorganisms the property of photosynthetic isoprene （C5H8） hYdrocarbons production. Continuous production of isoprene from CO2 and H2O was achieved in the light, occurring via the endogenous methylerythritolphosphate （MEP） pathway, in tandem with the growth of Synechocystis. This work addressed the issue of photosynthetic carbon partitioning between isoprene and biomass in Synechocystis. Evidence is presented to show heterologous genomic integration and cellular expression of the mevalonic acid （MVA） pathway genes in Synechocystis endowing a non-native pathway for carbon flux amplification to isopentenyl-diphosphate （IPP） and dimethylallyl-diphosphate （DMAPP） precursors of isoprene. Heterologous expression of the isoprene synthase in combination with the MVA pathway enzymes resulted in photosynthetic isoprene yield improvement by approximately 2.5-fold, compared with that measured in cyanobacteria transformed with the isoprene synthase gene only. These results suggest that the MVA pathway introduces a bypass in the flux of endogenous cellular substrate in Synechocystis to IPP and DMAPP, overcoming flux limitations of the native MEP pathway. The work employed a novel chromosomal integration and expression of synthetic gene operons in Synechocystis, comprising up to four genes under the control of a single promoter, and expressing three operons simultaneously. This is the first time an entire biosynthetic pathway with seven recombinant enzymes has been heterologously expressed in a photosynthetic microorganism. It constitutes contribution to the genetic engineering toolkit of photosynthetic microorganisms and a paradigm in the pursuit of photosynthetic approaches for the renewable generation of high-impact products.

关键词： biofuels cyanobacteria isoprene isoprene synthase metabolic engineering photosynthesis Synechocystis.

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