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Online Vaccine Information in a Knowledge Exchange Social Website (KESW)

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020年第6期10卷 151-167页

作者： fiona gorman Desa Yadegarians Linda Meng Nicholas gorman Esther Johnston California State University Long Beach CA USA University of California Los Angeles CA USA Keck Graduate Institute Claremont CA USA HealthPoint Seattle WA USA

Background: The potential for misinformation on usercontrolled Knowledge Exchange Social Websites (KESWs) is concerning since it can actively influence Internet users’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to childhood vaccinations. Objective: The present study examines the accuracy and predictors of health information posted to a Knowledge Exchange Social Website (KESW). Methods: A sample of 480 answers to childhood vaccination questions were retrieved and rated for accuracy. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to examine whether answer characteristics (best answer, professional background, statistical information, source disclosure, online link, word count, vaccine stance, and tone) predict accuracy. Results: Overall, only 56.2% of the posted answers were rated as “accurate.” Accuracy varied by topics with between 52.8% - 64.3% being rated as accurate. When Yahoo Answers’ “best answers” were examined, only 49.2% rated as accurate compared to 57.7% of all other answers, a finding attributed to widespread nominations of vaccine misinformation as “best answers” for questions addressing the side effects of vaccines. For all other types of questions, “best answers” were more likely to be accurate. Regression modeling revealed that discussions of personal choices regarding childhood vaccinations predicted the accuracy of posted answers, with those who mentioned vaccinating their own children proving more likely to communicate accurate vaccine information, and those expressing vaccine hesitancy proving more likely to share factually inaccurate statements about vaccines. Conclusion: The high prevalence of misinformation on KESWs suggests that these websites may serve as a vector for spreading vaccine misperceptions. Further research is needed to assess the impact of various KESWs and to develop effective, coordinated responses by public health agencies.

关键词： Online Health Information Childhood Vaccines Immunizations Infectious Diseases Accuracy Knowledge Exchange Social Websites

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Accuracy of Ebola Information in a Knowledge Exchange Social Website (KESW)

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017年第10期7卷 210-223页

作者： fiona gorman Desa Yadegarians Taufa Islam Simon Tongco Esther Johnston Elma Estrada Nicholas gorman California State University Long Beach USA California State University Fullerton USA The Wright Center National Family Medicine Residency at Health Point Auburn USA Keck Graduate Institute Claremont USA

Background: Misinformation on interactive Knowledge Exchange Social Websites (KESWs) is concerning since it can influence Internet users’ health behaviors, especially during an infectious disease outbreak. Objective: The present study seeks to examine the accuracy and characteristics of health information posted to a Knowledge Exchange Social Website (KESW). Methods: A sample of 204 answers to Ebola questions were extracted and rated for accuracy. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to examine whether answer characteristics (best answer, professional background, statistical information, source disclosed, link, and word count) predicted accuracy. Results: Overall, only 27.0% of the posted answers were rated as “accurate”. Accuracy varied across question topics with between 11.8% - 45.5% of answers being rated as accurate. When Yahoo Answers’ “best answers” were examined, the overall accuracy was substantially higher, with 80.0% of “best answers” being rated as accurate compared to 16.0% of all other answers. Conclusion: There is need for tools to help Internet users navigate health information posted on these dynamic user-generated knowledge exchange social websites.

关键词： Online Health Information Ebola Infectious Diseases Accuracy Knowledge Exchange Social Websites

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Cretaceous Antarctic plesiosaurs:stratigraphy,systematics and paleobiogeography

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第3期30卷 210-227页

作者： Jose Patricio O’gorman Rodrigo OTERO Marcelo REGUERO Zulma GASPARINI División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La PlataPaseo del Bosque s/n.B1900FWALa PlataArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) ArgentinaGodoy Cruz 2290C1425FQBCABAArgentina Red Paleontológica U-Chile Laboratorio de Ontogenia y FilogeniaDepartamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileLas Palmeras 3425SantiagoChile Instituto Antártico Argentino 25 de Mayo 1143B1650HMKSan MartínBuenos AiresArgentina

The last twenty million years(Maastrichtian–Santonian)of Southern Hemisphere plesiosaur history is especially well recorded in the Weddellian Province(Patagonia;Western Antarctica and New Zealand).The oldest Late Cretaceous plesiosaurs,two specimens referred to Polycotylidae indet.,come from the Santonian levels of the Santa Marta Formation,while the oldest elasmosaurids come from the lower Campanian of the same *** the lower Maastrichtian of the Snow Hill Island Formation the non-aristonectine elasmosaurid Vegasaurus molyi is recorded together with other non-diagnosable elasmosaurid specimens,but no aristonectines are *** appears in the Antarctic record in the upper Maastrichtian of the López de Bertodano Formation and are represented by Morturneria and *** specimens from the upper Campanian previously referred to Aristonectinae *** referred to Elasmosauridae indet.,shortening the temporal record of Aristonectinae in *** aristonectines appears in the Antarctic record in the upper Maastrichtian of the López de Bertodano Formation and are represented by Morturneria and *** Antarctic Cretaceous elasmosaurids show a paleobiogeographic connection with South America and New Zealand(Weddellian Province).This connection is indicated by the shared presence of the Aristonectinae Kaiwhekea katiki(New Zealand)and Aristonectes(Argentina and Chile).Recent phylogenetic analysis recovered the aristonectines within the Weddellonectia clade,which includes the aristonectines and the non-aristonectines Vegasaurus molyi(Isla Vega,Antarctica);Kawanectes lafquenianum(Argentina);Morenosaurus stocki and Aphrosaurus furlongi(California).Among the Weddellonectia,the aristonectines show a relatively large body size and extremely derived features and probably occupied a trophic niche that differed from the trophic niche of other *** way of contrast Kawanectes lafquenianum is an extremely small body-

关键词： Elasmosauridae Aristonectinae Polycotylidae Santa Marta Formation Snow Hill Island Formation López de Bertodano Formation Weddellonectia

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Tunneled peritoneal catheters for the palliative therapy of malignant ascites

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2013年第1期1卷 17-22页

作者： YVONNE RYAN KAREN LYONS JOHN HANSEN AISLING O’gorman North Eastern General Practice Training Scheme Department of Radiology Beaumont HospitalDublin Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital DroghedaCo.Louth

Objective:Malignant ascites presents difficult management issues in the palliative care population and results in distressing symptoms and recurrent hospital *** palliative care services in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital have been using radiologically guided tunneled peritoneal catheters for the palliative therapy of troublesome malignant *** conducted a review of this management ***:There were 10 catheters inserted in 9 patients between May 2007 and June 2011 in patients with malignant ***:There were no procedural related mortalities or major *** catheter life was 98.9 *** catheter re-hospitalization rate was 1.55 times per *** patient survival post insertion was 140 *** eight percent of patients achieved death at ***:We conclude that this is a safe and useful strategy in the management of malignant ascites in a palliative care population.

关键词： Tunneled peritoneal catheter Palliative therapy Malignant ascites

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Multiple Period Repair Kit Problem with Capacity Considerations

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2016年第5期6卷 457-468页

作者： Michael gorman University of Dayton Dayton USA

The repair kit problem seeks an optimal stock of parts for a repair kit for purposes of remote repairs. This problem has often been studied when restocking is possible between each order, or when the number of orders is known between each restocking. This research evaluates a model for the repair kit stocking problem for which there is multiple-period demand with a known time interval between each restocking, but an unknown number of on-site repair visits is required during the restocking period. Most previous work focuses on minimum cost subject to some minimum service level;in the case where the value of technician time and customer service is relatively large, the space constraint of the kit and volume of parts comes into play. This work contributes to the literature by testing the robustness of a heuristic originally proposed by [1] in a field study. We conduct numerical experiments to evaluate the heuristic over a wide range of parameterizations. Our results indicate that the heuristic performs close to optimum, and its performance improves as the problem size grows.

关键词： Repair Kit Stocking Problem Multiple Period

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Modelling of massive particulates for breakwater engineering using coupled FEMDEM and CFD

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 572-583页

作者： John-Paul Lathama Antonio Munjiza Julian Mindel Jiansheng Xiang Romain Guises Xavier Garcia Chris Pain Gerard gorman Matthew Piggott Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London UK Department of Engineering Queen Mary London University London UK

The seaward slope of many breakwaters consists of thousands of interlocking units of rock or concrete comprising a massive granular system of large elements each weighing tens of tonnes. The dumped quarry materials in the core are protected by progressively coarser particulates. The outer armour layer of freely placed units is intended to both dissipate wave energy and remain structurally stable as strong flows are drawn in and out of the particulate core. Design guidance on the mass and shape of these units is based on empirical equations derived from scaled physical model tests. The main failure mode for armour layers exposed to severe storms is hydraulic instability where the armour units of concrete or rock are subjected to uplift and drag forces which can in turn lead to rocking, displacement and collisions sufficient to cause breakage of units. Recently invented armour unit designs making up such granular layered system owe much of their success to the desirable emergent properties of interlock and porosity and how these combine with individual unit structural strength and inertial mass. Fundamental understanding of the forces governing such wave-structure interaction remains poor. We use discrete element and combined finite-discrete element methods to model the granular solid skeleton of randomly packed units coupled to a CFD code which resolves the wave dynamics through an interface tracking technique. The CFD code exploits several methods including a compressive advection scheme, node movement, and general mesh optimization. We provide the engineering context and report progress towards the numerical modelling of instability in these massive granular systems.

关键词： Modelling DEM Wave-structure interaction Armour units Breakwater

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Changes in feeding selectivity of freshwater invertebrates across a natural thermal gradient

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 231-242页

作者： Timothy A. C. GORDON Joana NETO-CEREJEIRA Paula C. FUREY Eoin J. O'gorman Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Stocker Road Exeter EX4 4QD UK Department of Biology Saint Catherine University St Paul MN 55105 USA

Environmental warming places physiological constraints on organisms, which may be mitigated by their feeding behavior. Theory predicts that consumers should increase their feeding selectivity for more energetically valuable resources in warmer environments to offset the disproportionate increase in metabolic demand relative to ingestion rate. This may also result in a change in feeding strategy or a shift towards a more specialist diet. This study used a natural warming experiment to investigate temperature effects on the feeding selectivity of three freshwater invertebrate grazers： the snail Radix balthica, the blackfly larva Simulium aureum, and the midgefly larva Eukiefferiella minor. Chesson＇s Selectivity Index was used to compare the proportional abundance of diatom species in the guts of each invertebrate species with corresponding rock biofilms sampled from streams of different tem- perature. The snails became more selective in warmer streams, choosing high profile epilithic diatoms over other guilds and feeding on a lower diversity of diatom species. The blackfly larvae appeared to switch from active collector gathering of sessile high profile diatoms to more passive filter feeding of motile diatoms in warmer streams. No changes in selectivity were observed for the midgefly larvae, whose diet was representative of resource availability in the environment. These results suggest that key primary consumers in freshwater streams, which constitute a major portion of invertebrate biomass, can change their feeding behavior in warmer waters in a range of different ways. These patterns could potentially lead to fundamental changes in the flow of energy through freshwater food webs.

关键词： climate change global warming diet Lymnaea peregra Simuliidae Chironomidae

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No Miracle Diets for Heart Disease or Cancer

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当代外语研究 2006年第4期 42-43,64页

作者： Christine gorman 李静

一直以来,人们普遍认为低脂肪食品能有效降低患心脏、乳腺癌、胃肠等疾病的几率。如今这一观点有待进一步考证。美国国家心肺脏和血液研究中心所发起的研究表明,低脂食品虽然理论上有助于防止疾病的发生,但通过实验所得到的数据并不能... 详细信息

一直以来,人们普遍认为低脂肪食品能有效降低患心脏、乳腺癌、胃肠等疾病的几率。如今这一观点有待进一步考证。美国国家心肺脏和血液研究中心所发起的研究表明,低脂食品虽然理论上有助于防止疾病的发生,但通过实验所得到的数据并不能有力地证实这一观点。我们期待科学家帮助我们解开谜底,为人类的健康带来福音。

关键词：疾病乳腺癌观点低脂食品低脂肪研究中心考证心脏科学家肺脏

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Back on the AIDS Alert

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当代外语研究 2005年第1期 44-45页

作者： Christine gorman 尚文

目前全世界艾滋病流行现状十分严峻,特别是在非洲和亚洲地区。预防与控制艾滋病是各国政府面临的严峻挑战。自1985年报告首例艾滋病病例以来,艾滋病在中国的流行迅速上升。据世界卫生组织统计,目前中国艾滋病病毒感染者占总人口的比例... 详细信息

目前全世界艾滋病流行现状十分严峻,特别是在非洲和亚洲地区。预防与控制艾滋病是各国政府面临的严峻挑战。自1985年报告首例艾滋病病例以来,艾滋病在中国的流行迅速上升。据世界卫生组织统计,目前中国艾滋病病毒感染者占总人口的比例虽然很低,但感染人数在亚洲位居第2位,在全球居第14位。如何应对艾滋病这一恶魔的入侵,近邻泰国的经验与教训值得我们借鉴。

关键词：艾滋病 Back on the AIDS Alert

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Lung Cancer and the Sexes

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科技英语学习 2007年第5期 2-4页

作者： Christine gorman 甘胜

性别差异是否会影响患肺癌的几率呢?目前最有说服力的研究结果显示,女性患肺癌的几率是男性的两倍,但死亡率仅为男性的一半。女性的身体似乎更难修复由于吸烟导致的基因破损,但她们的肺和卵巢内的一种物质却能够阻碍肺肿瘤的生长。虽然... 详细信息

性别差异是否会影响患肺癌的几率呢?目前最有说服力的研究结果显示,女性患肺癌的几率是男性的两倍,但死亡率仅为男性的一半。女性的身体似乎更难修复由于吸烟导致的基因破损,但她们的肺和卵巢内的一种物质却能够阻碍肺肿瘤的生长。虽然目前研究者还没有定论,但有一点勿庸置疑:肺癌是致命的,并且和吸烟密切相关。所以,请你千万不要吸烟。

关键词： Lung Cancer and the Sexes

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