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electrobiocorrosion by microbes without outer-surface cytochromes

mLife 2024年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Dawn e.holmes Trevor L.Woodard Jessica A.Smith Florin Musat Derek R.Lovley Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA Department of Physical and Biological Science Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA Department of Biomolecular Sciences Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA Department of Biology Section for MicrobiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Facuity of Biology and GeologyBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania

Anaerobic microbial corrosion of iron-containing metals causes extensive economic *** microbes are capable of direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer(electrobiocorrosion),but the prevalence of electrobiocorrosion among diverse methanogens and acetogens is poorly understood because of a lack of tools for their genetic *** studies have suggested that respiration with 316L stainless steel as the electron donor is indicative of electrobiocorrosion,because,unlike pure Fe^(0),316L stainless steel does not abiotically generate H_(2) as an intermediary electron ***,we report that all of the methanogens(Methanosarcina vacuolata,Methanothrix soehngenii,and Methanobacterium strain IM1)and acetogens(Sporomusa ovata and Clostridium ljungdahli)evaluated respired with pure Fe^(0)as the electron donor,but only ***,***,and *** were capable of stainless steel *** electrobiocorrosive methanogens re-quired acetate as an additional energy source in order to produce methane from stainless *** of *** and *** demonstrated how acetogens can provide acetate to methanogens during *** only was Meth-anobacterium strain IM1 not capable of electrobiocorrosion,but it also did not accept electrons from Geobacter metal-lireducens,an effective electron-donating partner for direct interspecies electron transfer to all methanogens that can directly accept electrons from Fe^(0).The finding that ***,***,and *** are capable of electrobiocorrosion,despite a lack of the outer-surface c-type cytochromes previously found to be important in other electrobiocorrosive microbes,demonstrates that there are multiple microbial strategies for making electrical contact with Fe^(0).

关键词： acetogen corrosion Fe^(0) methanogen stainless steel

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Nonuniform Dependence on the Initial Data for Solutions of Conservation Laws

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 489-500页

作者： John M.holmes Barbara Lee Keyfitz Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space *** prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly *** results apply to all nonlinear s... 详细信息

关键词： Conservation laws Data-to-solution map Nonuniform dependence

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Understanding Urban Vitality from the economic and Human Activities Perspective:A Case Study of Chongqing,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 52-66页

作者： YANG fiona Fan LIN Geng LeI Yubing WANG Ying YI Zheng School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China Southern Marine Science and engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519100China Chongqing Planning and Design Institute Chongqing401147China

The literature on urban vitality tends to focus on the built *** paper argues that some important processes in shaping vitality may be overlooked without examining the intensity and diversity of economic and human *** newly developed spatial big data and adopting the methods of multi-indicator measurement and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the pattern of urban vitality in Chongqing,a provincial city in western China and,on this basis,evaluated the creation and maintenance of urban vitality from the economic and human activities *** findings indicate that the impacts of economic and human activities are positive and *** the three intensity and diversity indicators,economic intensity and population density show an effect on urban vitality stronger than that of economic ***,economic diversity has the strongest superposition or interactive effect,and is thus an important foundation *** positive effect of population density on urban vitality is largely a result of Chongqing’s jobs-housing *** case of Chongqing highlights the importance of topographic features,historical inheritance,large-scale migration,and cultural activities in shaping the distinctive vitality pattern of a *** study contends that the creation and maintenance of urban vitality can not be fully explained without incorporating the impacts of economic and human *** contributes to a comprehensive measurement of urban vitality and enriches its connotations.

关键词： urban vitality economic diversity economic intensity population density Chongqing,China

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extreme Weather Disruptions and emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in Ohio: An eight-County Assessment

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 213-225页

作者： Smitha Rao fiona C.Doherty Anthony Traver Marisa Sheldon emma Sakulich Holly Dabelko‑Schoeny College of Social Work The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Age Friendly Innovation Center College of Social WorkThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA College of Public Health The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in Central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in Central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union County reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette County reported the lowest. County-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette County emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. County profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.

关键词： Disaster preparedness extreme weather Midwestern United States Older adults Regional assessment Social vulnerability

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Thermal stability of the Cr-coated zirconium alloy microstructure prepared by pulsed laser deposition

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 333-341页

作者： Bo Li Hui-Long Yang Reuben holmes Li-Juan Cui Sho Kano Hiroaki Abe Department of Nuclear engineering and Management The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan School of Nuclear Science and engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Nuclear Professional School The University of TokyoIbaraki 319-1188Japan

Cr-coated zirconium alloy was prepared by pulsed laser deposition(PLD)for the application of accident-tolerant fuel cladding in light water *** microstructural characteristics of the Cr coating and its evolution with temperature were investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diff raction and in situ heating transmission electron microscopy(TeM).Results show that the microstructure of the laser-deposited Cr coatings consists mainly of fine and non-specific shaped nano-crystals in the inner layer and columnar crystals in the outer *** recrystallization of the Cr-coating layer starts at 300–400℃ to release the high strain introduced by PLD,and the grain coalescence starts at temperatures>400°*** annealing,the(110)-texture gradually intensifi es because of its high reticular density and low close-packed ***,in situ heating TeM observation shows the presence of cavities on the Cr–Zr interface,which may result from the interdiff usion and/or the transformation from amorphous to crystalline.

关键词： Accident tolerant fuel Crcoating Interface Microstructure Pulsed laser deposition

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Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among ***

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 195-203页

作者： Jingwen Liao Min Hu Kellie Imm Clifton J.holmes Jie Zhu Chao Cao Lin Yang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Guangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzhou 510500China Scientific Research Center Guangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzhou 510500China Division of epidemiology&Genetics Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Program in Physical Therapy Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai East HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai 200070China Department of Cancer epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health ServicesCalgary T2S 3C3Canada Department of Oncology and Community Health Sciences University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada

Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy ***,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat *** investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among ***:This was a cross-sectional analysis of *** representative data from the National Health and Nutrition examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or *** sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity *** fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray ***:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past *** fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both *** stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently *** the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/***:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among *** higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.

关键词： Adults Body fat distribution Physical activity Sitting time

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Hazardous Attitude Factors Influence Risk Perception in General Aviation Pilots

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Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 2024年第3期9卷 85-93页

作者： Athina holmes Aeronautical Science Department College of Aviation Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach FL USA

This manuscript presents a research proposal to investigate how hazardous attitudes among general aviation pilots influence pilot performance in aviation accidents. General aviation pilots train to maintain safe flying conditions, but accidents still occur, and human factors figure prominently among the causes of aviation accidents. The levels of hazardous attitudes among pilots may influence the likelihood of engaging in risky flight behaviors that can lead to accidents. This quantitative study aims to determine whether dangerous attitudes impact risk perception in general aviation pilots. The study will focus on two specific hazardous attitudes, “Anti-Authority” and Macho” behaviors. Among the hazardous attitudes identified by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the two attitudes often stand out in accident investigations and pilot narratives. While all hazardous attitudes have inherent dangers, these two attitudes tend to be more frequently cited in accident reports and investigations. Despite rigorous training in safe flying conditions, general aviation accidents still transpire due to human factors. This research hypothesizes that the five attitudes from the hazardous attitude model, particularly Anti-Authority and Macho, significantly shape pilots’ risk perception. The insights from this study would benefit stakeholders, like the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA), Air Safety Institute, and aviation training programs, in creating training modules tailored to reduce such attitudes.

关键词： General Aviation (GA) Pilot Aviation Safety Hazardous Attitudes Anti-Authority Macho Risk Perception Flight Training

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BIKAS:Bio-Inspired Knowledge Acquisition and Simulacrum-A Knowledge Database to Support Multifunctional Design Concept Generation

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Data Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 531-558页

作者： Pavan Tejaswi Velivela Yaoyao fiona Zhao Department of Mechanical engineering McGill UniversityQuebecCanada H3A 0G4

A detailed acquisition,analysis,and representation of biological systems exhibiting different functions is required to develop unique bio-inspired multifunctional conceptual designs and *** paper presents BIKAS:Bio-inspired Knowledge Acquisition and Simulacrum,a knowledge database of biological systems exhibiting various functionalities,developed based on case-based bio-inspired examples from *** knowledge database represents the biological features,their characteristics,and the function exhibited by the biological feature as a combination of its integrated structure and structural ***,this knowledge database is utilized by the expandable Domain Integrated Design(xDID)model that works on classifying,mapping,and representing biological features into their respective geometric designations called *** combination of features from the Domains results in the generation of multifunctional conceptual *** addition,Meta-level design factors are proposed to aid designers in filtering the biological features and their respective functions having a similar structural strategy,thus aiding designers in rapidly selecting and emulating biological functions.

关键词： Bio-inspired design(BID) Knowledge database Conceptual design Multifunctional bio-inspired design Agile innovation

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A marathon,not a sprint:Increasing population physical activity as a legacy of sports mega-events

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 732-735页

作者： fiona C.Bull Paul J.Simpson Physical Activity Unit Department of Health PromotionWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland The BMJ London WC1H 9JPUK

*** matters The withdrawal of Australia as hosts for the Commonwealth Games in 2026 demonstrates that large international sporting events are more than just sporting mastery,medals,and *** also matters.1 The cost of hosting a major international tournament is eye-wateringly *** governments need to show that the billions of dollars of investment deliver a return beyond sporting glory to justify the resources that are spent.

关键词： return dollar sport

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脑干背侧迷走神经复合体中星形胶质细胞对食物摄取的调节

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神经损伤与功能重建 2020年第1期15卷 F0003-F0003页

作者： Alastair J.MacDonald fiona e.holmes Craig Beall Anthony e.Pickering Kate L.J.ellacott 杜一星(编译) Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK. School of Physiology Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBiomedical Sciences BuildingUniversityWalkBristolUK. Anaesthesia Pain and Critical Care SciencesTranslational Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK. 不详

随着下丘中与调节能量稳态有关的脑星形胶质细胞信号传导的发现,星形胶质细胞在控制摄食的脑回路中的作用正逐渐被认识。脑干背侧迷走神经复合体(DVC)内的孤束核(NTS)整合了来自内脏的迷走神经传入信息,并起调节摄食的作用。我们假定该... 详细信息

随着下丘中与调节能量稳态有关的脑星形胶质细胞信号传导的发现,星形胶质细胞在控制摄食的脑回路中的作用正逐渐被认识。脑干背侧迷走神经复合体(DVC)内的孤束核(NTS)整合了来自内脏的迷走神经传入信息,并起调节摄食的作用。我们假定该核团中的星形胶质细胞对食物摄入做出反应并影响食物摄入。在黑暗期喂食高脂食物12 h的小鼠出现NTS星形胶质细胞活化,表现为与对照饲料喂养的小鼠相比,极后区(AP)邻近的神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫反应性细胞数量增加(65%)和形态复杂性增高。为了检测星形胶质细胞活化对食物摄入的影响,我们使用腺相关病毒(AAV)载体(AAV-GFAPh M3Dq-m Cherry)将设计药物激活的设计受体(DReADDs)导入DVC星形胶质细胞(包括孤束核、极后区和迷走神经背运动核)。使用氯氮平-N-氧化物(0.3 mg/kg)进行化学遗传激活星形胶质细胞使其产生了比平行处理组星形细胞更复杂的形态,并在注射后4 h使动物在黑暗期进食减少84%。与表达AAV-GFAPm Cherry的对照小鼠相比,DVC星形胶质细胞的h M3Dq激活在禁食过夜后仍然减少黑暗期摄食(注射后4 h降低71%)。DReADD介导的星形胶质细胞激活不影响运动功能。DVC中星形胶质细胞的h M3Dq激活引起邻近的摄食神经回路(包括臂旁核)中c-FOS的表达。这表明NTS星形胶质细胞能对急性营养过剩做出反应,参与外周饱腹感信号的整合,并且在其激活后可以减少食物摄入。

关键词：星形胶质细胞化学遗传技术摄食新陈代谢孤束核

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