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An Integrated Framework for Regional Assessment of Water, Energy, and Nutrients from Food Loss of Selected crops in the Lower Fraser Valley, canada

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第5期13卷 633-657页

作者： Ana Reinesch lewis Fausak Anne Joseph Skylar Kylstra Les Lavkulich Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

Although there is no global shortage of food or water, food security has not been achieved, as human activity has turned these vital resources into “waste”. Wasted food not only loses valuable water resources but embedded calories of human energy and nutrients for healthy human populations. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, in addressing these concerns, focuses on a global scale largely on an economic estimate of individual components of energy or water or nutrient loss. It is suggested that more information is required through local or regional assessments to provide better estimates, incorporating regional factors of the losses along the food supply chain. To address this suggestion, this study focused on an intensive agricultural and rapidly urbanizing region of canada, the Lower Fraser Valley of British columbia. Seven selected crops, including annual crops such as green peas, sweet corn and potato, and perennial crops that included three berry crops were assessed for their water, both constituent and virtual, as well as embedded energy, protein, and Vitamin c. Annual virtual water losses were higher for sprinkler than drip irrigation, ranging from 82 × 106 kg of water for strawberry to 7570 × 106 kg for blueberry. These high virtual water losses estimated along the food chain confirm the significance of food loss impacts on local water resources. Estimates of losses of food in kg were highest at the consumer level along the food chain and it was estimated that wasted food from the seven crops selected would have supplied the protein and caloric energy of over 33,000 men per year and Vitamin c of about 240,000 men per year. This assessment increases the awareness of food loss impacts from a regional perspective and provides a framework for future research on both environmental and nutritional implications of wasted food.

关键词： Food Loss Food Waste crop Water Demand Virtual Water Nutrition

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Ultra-high-resolution detection of Pb2+ ions using a black phosphorus functionalized microfiber coil resonator

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Photonics Research 2019年第6期7卷 622-629页

作者： YU YIN SHI LI SHUNBIN WANG SHIJIE JIA JING REN GERALD FARRELL ELFED lewis PENGFEI WANG Key Laboratory of In-Fibre Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education College of Science Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001 China Photonics Research centre Technological University DublinDublin Kevin Street Dublin 8 Ireland Optical Fibre Sensors Research centre Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering University of LimerickLimerick Limerick V94 T9PX Ireland Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China

A black phosphorus(BP) functionalized optical fiber sensor based on a microfiber coil resonator(McR) for Pb^2+ ion detection in an aquatic environment is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The McR-BP sensor is manufactured by winding a tapered microfiber on a hollow rod composed of a low-refractive-index polycarbonate(Pc) resin with the BP deposited on the internal wall of the rod. Based on the propagation properties of the McR, the chemical interaction between the Pb^2+ ions and the BP alters the refractive index of the ambient environment and thus results in a detectable shift in the transmission spectrum. The resonance wavelength moves towards longer wavelengths with an increasing concentration of Pb^2+ ions, and the sensor has an ultra-high detection resolution of 0.0285 ppb(parts per billion). The temperature dependence is 106.95 pm/°c due to the strong thermo-optic and thermal-expansion effect of the low-refractive-index Pc resin. In addition, the sensor shows good stability over a period of 15 days. The local pH also influences the sensor, with the resonance wavelength shift increasing as pH approaches a value of 7 but then decreasing as the pH value increases further due to the effect of the BP layer by H^+ and OH-ions. The sensor shows the potential for high-resolution detection of Pb^2+ ions in a liquid environment with the particular advantages of having a simple structure, ease of fabrication,low cost, low loss, and simple interrogation.

关键词： microfiber coil resonator black phosphorus

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魔法师的外甥

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作者： (英)c. S. 刘易斯(clive Staples lewis)

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Stoichiometry and activation of the STIM-Orai cRAc channel complex

Stoichiometry and activation of the STIM-Orai CRAC channel c...

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第十一届全国钙信号和细胞功能研讨会

作者： Richard S.lewis Michelle Yen Department of Molecular & cellular Physiology Stanford University School of Medicine

Following ca store depletion, the ER ca sensor STIM1 accumulates at ER-plasma membrane junctions,where it traps and activates cRAc channels through direct binding of its cAD/SOAR domain to the cytoplasmic c termini of Orai1. To understand the activation process at a molecular level, several fundamental issues regarding the stoichiometry of the STIM-Orai complex need to be resolved. current evidence is divided on whether the cRAc channel functions as a tetramer or a hexamer of Orai1 subunits, and both the stoichiometry of the cAD-Orai1 interaction and how it drives channel opening are unclear. We have addressed these questions by applying electrophysiological and FRET techniques to study concatenated Orai1 proteins. We find that hexameric concatemers of Orai1 behave like native cRAc channels in terms of activation and inactivation properties, ion selectivity, ca binding affinity of the pore, single-channel conductance and open probability. Because ion permeation is highly sensitive to pore geometry, we conclude that the native cRAc channel functions as a hexamer of Orai1. By manipulating individual STIM1 binding sites on Orai1 concatemers we show that cAD dimers can interact with single Orai1 c termini but preferentially engage pairs of c termini, and that this bimolecular binding mode contributes to channel activation. Orai1 mutations that reduce STIM1 binding inhibit channel opening in a nonlinear way, consistent with a model in which each binding event is independent and contributes an equal amount of energy to open the activation gate. Our modeling results suggest that STIM1 binding activates the cRAc channel by controlling modal transitions between long-lived silent and highly active states.

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A New Prognostic Model covering All Stages of Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第2期10卷 254-262页

作者： Shuang-Nan Zhou Shan-Shan Lu Da-Wei Ju Ling-Xiang Yu Xiao-Xiao Liang Xiao Xiang Suthat Liangpunsakul lewis R.Roberts Yin-Ying Lu Ning Zhang Department of Infectious Disease the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Liver Disease the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Beijing Advanced Innovation center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina central Theater command General Hospital of The chinese People’s Liberation Army WuhanHubeiChina Beijing chaoyang Integrative Medicine Emergency Medical center BeijingChina BeiGene(Beijing)co.Ltd BeijingChina Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineINUSA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMNUSA

Background and Aims:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(Icc)is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy that causes a poor *** aimed to identify its prognostic factors and to develop a nomogram that will predict survival of Icc patients among all ***:A total of 442 patients with pathology-proven Icc registered at the Fifth Medical center of PLA General Hospital between July 2007 and December 2019 were *** were followed for survival status until June 30,2020.A prognostic model visualized as a nomogram was constructed in the training cohort using multivariate cox model,and was then validated in the validation ***:The median age was 55 *** a median follow-up of 50.4 months,337 patients *** median survival was 11.6 months,with 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates of 48.3%,22.7%and 16.2%,*** associated with overall survival were multiple tumors,lymph node involvement,vascular invasion,distant metastasis,decreased albumin,elevated lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),decreased iron,elevated fi-brinogen,elevated cA125 and elevated cA19-9.A nomo-gram predicting survival of Icc patients at the time of di-agnosis achieved a Harrel’s c-statistic of 0.758,significantly higher than the 0.582 of the TNM stage *** median survivals of those within the low,mid and high-risk subgroups were 35.6,12.1 and 6.2 months,***:A nomogram based on imaging data and serum biomarkers at diagnosis showed good ability to predict survival in patients with all stages of *** studies are needed to validate the prognostic capability of our new model.

关键词： Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Prognostic model Nomogram Risk stratification

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柳树下的人行道

柳树下的人行道

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2018年

作者： (美)辛克莱·刘易斯(Sinclair lewis)

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细菌性杀虫剂的新发展

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生物技术通报 1986年第10期 3-5页

作者： B.Kristiansen c.lewis 金人一

现在,生物农药特别是细菌性杀虫剂已有很大的可能性逐步代替现时所用的污染环境、广谱、能耗大的化学杀虫剂。许多化学杀虫剂能在环境中持久存在,能伤害非用药目标的许多种生物。并且,目标生物对化学合成的杀虫剂比对微生物杀虫剂易于... 详细信息

现在,生物农药特别是细菌性杀虫剂已有很大的可能性逐步代替现时所用的污染环境、广谱、能耗大的化学杀虫剂。许多化学杀虫剂能在环境中持久存在,能伤害非用药目标的许多种生物。并且,目标生物对化学合成的杀虫剂比对微生物杀虫剂易于获得抗药性。已知有近一千五百种天然存在的微生物或微生物代谢产物具有杀虫特性,此数之外,现在还在增加新的产毒素品系——它们是遗传工程的产物。在昆虫病原细菌中,研究得最多的

关键词：芽抱杆菌亚种以色列化学杀虫剂苏云金杆菌苏云金芽孢杆菌嗜虫细菌细菌性

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Mediation of flowering by a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2001年第5期44卷 506-512页

作者：梁述平汪杏芬吕应堂 lewis J.Feldman Key Laboratory of MOE for Plant Developmental Biology Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

A calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (McK1) appeared important in regulating flowering in tobacco. The expression of modified McK1 that lacks the c-terminal including calmodulin-binding domain upsets the flowering developmental program, leading to the abortion of flower primordia initiated on the main axis of the plant and, as well, caused the prolongation of the vegetative phase in axillary buds. The abortion process of flowers began first in the developing anthers and subsequently the entire flower senesces. In axillary buds the prolonged vegetative phase was characterized by atypical elongated, narrow, twisted leaves. These results suggested a role for calmodulin-dependent protein kinase homologs in mediating flowering.

关键词： calmodulin-dependent protein kinase transgenic tobacco flower.

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