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Genome and metabolic engineering in non-conventional yeasts:Current advances and applications

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2017年第3期2卷 198-207页

作者： ann-Kathrin Lobs Cory Schwartz Ian Wheeldon Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering UC RiversideRiversideUSA

Microbial production of chemicals and proteins from biomass-derived andwaste sugar streams is a rapidly growing area of research and *** the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent host for the conversion of glucose to ethanol,production of other chemicals from alternative substrates often requires extensive strain *** avoid complex and intensive engineering of ***,other yeasts are often selected as hosts for bioprocessing based on their natural capacity to produce a desired product:for example,the efficient production and secretion of proteins,lipids,and primary metabolites that have value as commodity *** when using yeasts with beneficial native phenotypes,metabolic engineering to increase yield,titer,and production rate is *** non-conventional yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis,***,Scheffersomyces stipitis,Yarrowia lipolytica,Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris have been developed as eukaryotic hosts because of their desirable phenotypes,including thermotolerance,assimilation of diverse carbon sources,and high protein ***,advanced metabolic engineering in these yeasts has been *** review outlines the challenges of using non-conventional yeasts for strain and pathway engineering,and discusses the developed solutions to these problems and the resulting applications in industrial biotechnology.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas9 Kluyveromyces lactis Kluyveromyces marxianus Scheffersomyces stipitis Yarrowia lipolytica Hansenula polymorpha Pichia pastoris

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随着时间的流逝

物理 2022年第9期51卷 660-661页

作者：陈徐宗(译) Sharon ann Holgate 北京大学电子学院

很可能在你开始阅读这篇文章前不久,你查看过时间。无论你是睡眼惺忪地盯着闹钟判断是否迟到,还是在手机的日历应用程序中进行预约操作,我们大多数人每天都会多次通过钟表查看时间。正是这种熟悉且无所不在的时间追踪构成了奥泽尔(Chad ... 详细信息

很可能在你开始阅读这篇文章前不久,你查看过时间。无论你是睡眼惺忪地盯着闹钟判断是否迟到,还是在手机的日历应用程序中进行预约操作,我们大多数人每天都会多次通过钟表查看时间。正是这种熟悉且无所不在的时间追踪构成了奥泽尔(Chad Orzel)的大作《计时简史:从巨石阵到原子钟的计时科学》(A Brief History of Timekeeping:the Science of Marking Time,from Stonehenge to Atomic Clocks)的基础。

关键词：应用程序原子钟 Time

Production of the Cancer-Preventive Glucoraphanin in Tobacco

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Molecular Plant 2010年第4期3卷 751-759页

作者： Michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen Carl Erik Olsen Barbara ann Halkier University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Plant Biology Plant Biochemistry Laboratory VKR Research Centre for Pro-Active Plants 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Basic Sciences and Environment/Bioorganic Chemistry 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated reduced risk of developing cancer upon consumption of diets rich in cruciferous vegetables. This chemoprevention has been largely attributed to the presence of the natural products glu- cosinolates, particularly the methionine-derived glucoraphanin from broccoli. Improved nutrition by functional foods or health-promoting dietary supplements is an attractive means for prevention of lifestyle-based diseases. Towards this goal, we have engineered the glucoraphanin pathway into tobacco. First, we engineered elongation of the side chain of methionine to produce the key intermediate dihomo-methionine. This process is catalyzed through two cycles in a chain-elongation pathway that takes place partly in the cytosol and partly in the chloroplast. Second, by coupling the five enzymes of the chain-elongation pathway to eight enzymes of the glucosinolate pathway, we show production of glucoraphanin together with other glucosinolates derived from chain-elongated isoleucine and/or leucine. The conver- sion of methionine to glucoraphanin is obtained via 14 intermediates. Demonstrating the production of the high-value glucoraphanin in a heterologous host has great potential in the food and medicinal industry as a means to generate a stable, rich source of glucoraphanin for the benefit of human health.

关键词： Compartmentation secondary metabolism/natural products Agrobacterium Arabidopsis tobacco glucosinolates metabolic engineering.

Decorin treatment of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第18期9卷 1653-1656页

作者： Maryam Esmaeili Martin Berry ann Logan Zubair Ahmed Neurotrauma Research Group Neurobiology SectionSchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Birmingham

The scarring response after a penetrant central nervous system injury results from the interaction between invading leptominingeal/pericyte-derived fibroblasts and endogenous reactive astrocytes about the wound margin. Extracellular matrix and scar-derived axon growth inhibitory mole- cules fill the lesion site providing both a physical and chemical barrier to regenerating axons. Dec orin, a small leucine-rich chondroitin-dermatan sulphate proteoglycan expressed by neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, is both anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory and attenu- ates the formation and partial dissolution of established and chronic scars. Here, we discuss the potential of using Decorin to antagonise scarring in the central nervous system.

关键词： spinal cord injury Decorin transforming growth factor-beta scarring chondroiti^sulphate proteoglycan matrix metalloproteases

Weighted LBF for spaceborne general bistatic SAR processing

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第10期18卷 1271-1277页

作者： Otmar Loffeld Robert Wang Holger Nies Ul-ann Qurat The Center for Sensorsystems (ZESS) University of Siege-nPaul-Bonatz-Str.9-11Siegen 57076Germany The Center for Sensorsystems (ZESS) University of SiegenPaul-Bonatz-Str.9-11Siegen 57076Germany

Loffeld’s bistatic formula (LBF) is the first two-dimensional analytic point target reference spectrum derived for general bistatic SAR frequency domain *** phase history is expanded in Taylor series around the individual points of stationary phase of the trans- mitter-target and target-receiver phase histories,respectively,and thus the common bistatic stationary phase point can be obtained using the method of stationary ***,it shows limitations for extreme bistatic configurations,namely the highly squinted mode and space-surface *** weighted LBF (WLBF) is proposed in this paper based on the different contributions of total phase modulation from the transmitter and *** formulae we derived are compared with that of the original *** extreme bistatic stripmap SAR data can be focused using WLBF,which accommodates the spaceborne squint geometry using the modified effec- tive velocity solution.A point target simulation example is presented to verify the accuracy of the new WLBF spectrum.

关键词： Bistatic SAR SAR Weighted LBF (WLBF) Hybrid bistatic configuration Effective velocity approximation

On the material dependency of peri-implant morphology and stability in healing bone

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第10期28卷 155-166页

作者： Stefan Bruns Diana Krüger Silvia Galli D.C.Florian Wieland Jorg U.Hammel Felix Beckmann ann Wennerberg Regine Willumeit-Romer Berit Zeller-Plumhoff Julian Moosmann Institute of Metallic Biomaterials Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.121502GeesthachtGermany University of Malmo Faculty of OdontologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsCarl Gustafs Vag 34Klerken20506MalmoSweden Institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.121502GeesthachtGermany University of Gothenburg Institute of OdontologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsMedicinaregatan 12 f41390GoteborgSweden

The microstructural architecture of remodeled bone in the peri-implant region of screw implants plays a vital role in the distribution of strain energy and implant *** present a study in which screw implants made from titanium,polyetheretherketone and biodegradable magnesium-gadolinium alloys were implanted into rat tibia and subjected to a push-out test four,eight and twelve weeks after *** were 4 mm in length and with an M2 *** loading experiment was accompanied by simultaneous three-dimensional imaging using synchrotron-radiation microcomputed tomography at 5μm *** deformation and strains were tracked by applying optical flow-based digital volume correlation to the recorded image *** stabilities measured for screws of biodegradable alloys were comparable to pins whereas non-degradable biomaterials experienced additional mechanical ***-implant bone morphology and strain transfer from the loaded implant site depended heavily on the biomaterial *** implants stimulated rapid callus formation displaying a consistent monomodal strain profile whereas the bone volume fraction in the vicinity of magnesium-gadolinium alloys exhibited a minimum close to the interface of the implant and less ordered strain *** in our data suggest that implant stability benefits from disparate bone morphological properties depending on the biomaterial *** leaves the choice of biomaterial as situational depending on local tissue properties.

关键词： Biodegradable implant materials Bone mechanical testing Implant stability Synchrotron micro-computed tomography imaging Digital volume correlation

Single-cell transcriptomes and runx2b-/- mutants reveal the genetic signatures of intermuscular bone formation in zebrafish

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National Science Review 2022年第11期9卷 97-107页

作者： Chun-Hong Nie Shi-Ming Wan Yu-Long Chen ann Huysseune Ya-Ming Wu Jia-Jia Zhou Alexandre Wagner Silva Hilsdorf Wei-Min Wang Paul Eckhard Witten Qiang Lin Ze-Xia Gao College of Fisheries Key Lab of Freshwater Animal BreedingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Lab of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Ministry of EducationEngineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Ministry of Education Huazhong Agricultural University Hubei Hongshan Laboratory CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology Ghent University Unit of Biotechnology University of Mogi das Cruzes Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture

Intermuscular bones(IBs) are mineralized spicules, present in the myosepta of many, but not all, teleost species. IBs are often small and sharp, and they consequently limit how the fish can be processed; the IBs may cause injury or trauma if lodged in consumers’ throats or mouths, and therefore affect the appeal of the fish to many consumers. The development of IBs in teleosts is still not fully understood and the molecular basis of IB development remains to be established. Here, the characteristics of IB tissue are evaluated based on single-cell transcriptomics in wild-type zebrafish. The analysis defined 18 distinct cell *** trajectories showed that IBs are derived from tendons and that a core tendon-osteoblast cell lineage is related to IB formation. In particular, the functions of 10 candidate genes were evaluated via CRISPR-Cas9 mutants. Among those, runx2b-/-mutants completely lost IBs, while swimming performance, growth and bone mineral density were not significantly different from runx2b+/+*** single-cell RNA sequencing(sc RNA-seq) analysis in runx2b-/-and runx2b+/+zebrafish revealed the role of osteoblasts in IB formation. In addition, differentially expressed genes were enriched in the transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein(TGF-β/BMP) pathway after runx2b deletion. This study provides evidence for the crucial role of runx2b regulation in IB formation. Genetic breeding can target runx2b regulation and generate strains of commercial fish species without IBs, which can improve the safe consumption and economic value of many farmed fish species.

关键词： teleosts zebrafish intermuscular bones scRNA-seq tendon-osteoblast cell lineage runx2b genetic breeding

Biotechnological approaches in glucosinolate production

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第12期60卷 1231-1248页

作者： annette Petersen Cuiwei Wang Christoph Crocoll Barbara ann Halkier DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen

Glucosinolates(GLSs) are sulfur-rich, amino acid-derived defense compounds characteristic of the Brassicales order. In the past, GLSs were mostly known as anti-nutritional factors in fodder, biopesticides in agriculture, and flavors in condiments such as mustard. However, in recent times, GLSs have received increased attention as promoters of human *** has spurred intensive research towards generating rich sources of health-promoting GLSs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the biotechnologica approaches applied to reach this goal. This includes optimization of GLS production and composition in native, GLS-producing plants, including hairy root and cell cultures thereof, as well as synthetic biology approaches in heterologous hosts, such as tobacco and the microbial organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The progress using these different approaches is discussed.

关键词： GLS Biotechnological approaches in glucosinolate production