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Food supply and the obesity scourge: Is there a relationship?

Health 2012年第12期4卷 1457-1463页

作者： Lillian Mwanri Wendy Foley John Coveney Robert Muller fiona verity Paul R. Ward Patricia Carter Philip Mohr Anne Taylor Department of Social Work Flinders University Adelaide Australia Discipline of Public Health Flinders University Adelaide Australia Health Promotion Branch SA Health Adelaide Australia Inala Indigenous Health Service Queensland Health Inala Australia Population Research and Outcome Studies Unit SA Health Adelaide Australia School of Psychology University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia

This paper reviews literature on the relationship between food supply and obesity. The focus is on the supply, cost, and variety of food through various types of food outlets and the impact of these factors on obesity in developed countries. The article reveals complex relationships between food supply factors and obesity. A numer of factors related to lifestyles including the mobility of populations and the use of motor vehicles greatly reduce the impact of the local environment on family and individual eating patterns. However, obesity is also affected by factors such as the type and density of food outlets, the cost of food, the travel distance and means of transport to the food outlet. While the relationship between food supply and obesity in the literature reveals complex and mixed findings, this paper concludes obesity is complex and food supply is only part of this phenomenon’s predictors. Because the relationship between food supply and obesity is mediated by such multiple and complex factors including population behaviours, beliefs, lifestyles, knowledge and both food and physical environments;multiple strategies including policy development and other strategies aimed at manipulating food environments, physical environments, populations’ beliefs, behaviours and practices must be considered in searching for evidence to effectively combat obesity.

关键词： Obesity Food Supply Food Outlets Socio Economic Status Complex Relationships

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A marathon,not a sprint:Increasing population physical activity as a legacy of sports mega-events

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 732-735页

作者： fiona C.Bull Paul J.Simpson Physical Activity Unit Department of Health PromotionWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland The BMJ London WC1H 9JPUK

*** matters The withdrawal of Australia as hosts for the Commonwealth Games in 2026 demonstrates that large international sporting events are more than just sporting mastery,medals,and *** also matters.1 The cost of hosting a major international tournament is eye-wateringly *** governments need to show that the billions of dollars of investment deliver a return beyond sporting glory to justify the resources that are spent.

关键词： return dollar sport

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Understanding Urban Vitality from the Economic and Human Activities Perspective:A Case Study of Chongqing,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 52-66页

作者： YANG fiona Fan LIN Geng LEI Yubing WANG Ying YI Zheng School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519100China Chongqing Planning and Design Institute Chongqing401147China

The literature on urban vitality tends to focus on the built *** paper argues that some important processes in shaping vitality may be overlooked without examining the intensity and diversity of economic and human *** newly developed spatial big data and adopting the methods of multi-indicator measurement and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the pattern of urban vitality in Chongqing,a provincial city in western China and,on this basis,evaluated the creation and maintenance of urban vitality from the economic and human activities *** findings indicate that the impacts of economic and human activities are positive and *** the three intensity and diversity indicators,economic intensity and population density show an effect on urban vitality stronger than that of economic ***,economic diversity has the strongest superposition or interactive effect,and is thus an important foundation *** positive effect of population density on urban vitality is largely a result of Chongqing’s jobs-housing *** case of Chongqing highlights the importance of topographic features,historical inheritance,large-scale migration,and cultural activities in shaping the distinctive vitality pattern of a *** study contends that the creation and maintenance of urban vitality can not be fully explained without incorporating the impacts of economic and human *** contributes to a comprehensive measurement of urban vitality and enriches its connotations.

关键词： urban vitality economic diversity economic intensity population density Chongqing,China

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Extreme Weather Disruptions and Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in Ohio: An Eight-County Assessment

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 213-225页

作者： Smitha Rao fiona C.Doherty Anthony Traver Marisa Sheldon Emma Sakulich Holly Dabelko‑Schoeny College of Social Work The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Age Friendly Innovation Center College of Social WorkThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA College of Public Health The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in Central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in Central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union County reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette County reported the lowest. County-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette County emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. County profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Extreme weather Midwestern United States Older adults Regional assessment Social vulnerability

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BIKAS:Bio-Inspired Knowledge Acquisition and Simulacrum-A Knowledge Database to Support Multifunctional Design Concept Generation

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Data Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 531-558页

作者： Pavan Tejaswi Velivela Yaoyao fiona Zhao Department of Mechanical Engineering McGill UniversityQuebecCanada H3A 0G4

A detailed acquisition,analysis,and representation of biological systems exhibiting different functions is required to develop unique bio-inspired multifunctional conceptual designs and *** paper presents BIKAS:Bio-inspired Knowledge Acquisition and Simulacrum,a knowledge database of biological systems exhibiting various functionalities,developed based on case-based bio-inspired examples from *** knowledge database represents the biological features,their characteristics,and the function exhibited by the biological feature as a combination of its integrated structure and structural ***,this knowledge database is utilized by the Expandable Domain Integrated Design(xDID)model that works on classifying,mapping,and representing biological features into their respective geometric designations called *** combination of features from the Domains results in the generation of multifunctional conceptual *** addition,Meta-level design factors are proposed to aid designers in filtering the biological features and their respective functions having a similar structural strategy,thus aiding designers in rapidly selecting and emulating biological functions.

关键词： Bio-inspired design(BID) Knowledge database Conceptual design Multifunctional bio-inspired design Agile innovation

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Maternal Mortality Rates among Im/Migrant Populations in the United States

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1161-1175页

作者： Tessa Peredy Mary Greenwald Katy Doughty Fachon fiona Danaher Rashmi Jasrasaria Samantha Truong Annekathryn Goodman University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine Biddeford ME United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Boston MA United States Center for Immigrant Health Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Boston MA United States

Introduction: Maternal mortality rates have more than doubled in the U.S over the last two decades, making it one of the few places in the world where maternal mortality is increasing. Differences in maternal mortality among certain races and ethnicities are known but few studies examine maternal mortality among immigrants. Since immigrants represent 13.7% of the U.S. population, it is essential to examine immigrant subsets to understand maternal mortality among this vulnerable population. Methods: A literature search identified 318 articles on maternal mortality and immigrants, with 12 articles from the U.S. The keywords included maternal mortality, United States, migrants, asylum seekers, immigrants, and disparities. Maternal mortality statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control. Results: Studies analyzed in this review found an overall lower maternal mortality rate among immigrant women compared to U.S.-born women, except for Hispanic immigrant women. Black women had the highest maternal mortality rate, regardless of immigration status. Conclusion: Although the literature points to lower maternal mortality among immigrants, the data is still somewhat mixed, making it challenging to draw comprehensive conclusions. Additional research examining maternal mortality among Im/migrants in the U.S. is needed to guide future training among healthcare professionals and policymakers.

关键词： Maternal Mortality Im/Migrant Reproductive Health United States

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Overcoming Spatial Constraints in VR:A Survey of Redirected Walking Techniques

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第4期39卷 841-870页

作者： Jia-Hong Liu Yang-Fu Ren Qi Wen Gan Kui Huang fiona Xiao Yu Chen Er-Xia Luo Khang Yeu Tang Yue-Yao Fu Cheng-Wei Fan Sen-Zhe Xu Song-Hai Zhang Academy of Arts and Design Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Computer Technology and Application Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Zhili College Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Computer Beijing Information Science and Technology UniversityBeijing 100192China Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

As the virtual reality(VR)technology strives to provide immersive and natural user experiences,the challenge of aligning vast virtual environments with limited physical spaces remains *** survey comprehensively explores the advancements in redirected walking(RDW)techniques aimed at overcoming spatial constraints in *** addresses this by subtly manipulating users’physical movements to allow for seamless navigation within constrained *** survey delves into gain perception mechanisms,detailing how slight discrepancies between virtual and real-world movements can be utilized without user awareness,thus extending the effective navigable *** RDW control algorithms for gain-based RDW are analyzed,highlighting their implementation and effectiveness in maintaining immersion and minimizing perceptual ***,novel methods extending beyond traditional gain-based techniques are discussed,showcasing innovative approaches that further refine VR *** practical implications of RDW in enhancing safety and reducing physical collisions in VR environments are underscored,alongside its potential to improve user experience by aligning virtual exploration more closely with natural human behavior *** a thorough review of existing literature and recent advancements,this survey provides a systematic understanding for researchers,developers,and industry *** underscores the importance of RDW in the future of VR,emphasizing RDW's role in making VR more accessible and practical across various applications,from education and training to therapy and *** paper concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the continued evolution and potential of RDW in revolutionizing virtual reality experiences.

关键词： virtual reality(VR) redirected walking(RDW) redirection gain perception

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颠覆传统设计美国药店寻找新的发展良方

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第8期 10-11页

作者： fiona Rutherford 融汐(译) 不详

●美国药店巨头沃尔格林正在颠覆经典的药店设计,将药房从后端移至最前端走进任何一家美国药店,看上去都是一样的:一排排上锁的柜子里摆满了牙膏、洗发水和化妆品。病人在药店的后端排队等候药物,那里的工作人员通常很少,忙碌的药剂师... 详细信息

●美国药店巨头沃尔格林正在颠覆经典的药店设计,将药房从后端移至最前端走进任何一家美国药店,看上去都是一样的:一排排上锁的柜子里摆满了牙膏、洗发水和化妆品。病人在药店的后端排队等候药物,那里的工作人员通常很少,忙碌的药剂师一边忙着咨询,一边忙着接电话。然而这样的做法还是不够。彭博(Bloomberg)最近报道称,美国最大的连锁药店CVS Health Corp.和沃尔格林(Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc.)的利润率正在下降。(后者开始继续尝试出售博姿国际连锁药店。)曾是这两家激烈竞争对手的来德爱公司(RiteAidCorp.)去年10月宣布破产。药店面临的一个关键问题在于店面前端,那里的竞争和通货膨胀使它们盈利难度更大了。

关键词：连锁药店洗发水通货膨胀利润率药剂师排队等候

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欧洲具有广阔的新电商市场

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现代广告 2024年第3期 36-41页

作者： fiona Liu Guillaume Loiseau 陆斌欧洲电商直播协会法国文艺复兴文化传播公司浙江财经大学

fiona Liu女士和Guillaume Loiseau接受本刊专访。他俩介绍,新冠期间欧洲市场已转向电商购物作为正常购买方式。在法国,KOL不是专业的销售人员,不能直接在平台销售产品。直播营销主要是通过促销代码机制重新引流到品牌网站进行交易。

关键词： KOL 促销代码引流品牌网站

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Results of selective decontamination with oral neomycin and metronidazole for major colorectal surgery in Australia:A cohort study

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 72-78页

作者： James Wei Tatt Toh Devansh Shah Henry Wang Charlotte Kwik Joseph Do Woong Choi Chelsie Leonie Beinke Paul Morris Eleni Baird-Gunning Geoffrey Peter Collins fiona Gavegan Karen Shedden Toufic El-Khoury Nimalan Pathma-Nathan Kerry Hitos Department of Colorectal Surgery Westmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia The University of Sydney Westmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia Western Sydney University New South WalesAustralia University of Notre Dame New South WalesAustralia Westmead Research Centre for Evaluation of Surgical Outcomes Westmead HospitalSydneyAustralia

Objective The role of selective decontamination with oral antibiotics(OABs)and mechanical bowel preparation(MBP)prior to elective colorectal surgery is still widely *** objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of selective decontamination with neomycin,metronidazole and MBP compared to those of decontamination with MBP alone or with no *** Selective decontamination with neomycin and metronidazole combined with bowel preparation was introduced prior to elective colorectal surgery as part of an enhanced recovery after surgery program at Westmead Hospital,a major Australian tertiary referral hospital,between June 2017 and January *** between short-term outcomes of OAB+MBP and MBP/no preparation were made using prospectively collected data on length of stay(LOS),readmission,mortality within 30 days,anastomotic leakage(AL),surgical site infection(SSI),urinary tract infection,deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism,pneumonia,and ***-up was limited to hospital stays and subsequent presentations within the health district within thirty days of *** Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse continuous data,and the chi-square test was used for categorical *** and multivariate regression modelling was performed to identify risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of SSI and *** Patients with oral neomycin and metronidazole combined with bowel preparation had reduced superficial SSI(2.7%vs.7.6%,p=0.043)and overall complications(32.7%vs.44.6%,p=0.020),particularly Clavien-Dindo 1 complications(7.3%vs.16.5%,p=0.009).However,the differences in AL(2.7%vs.4.5%,p=0.369)and organ/space SSI(1.3%vs.3.7%,p=0.327)were not statistically *** median LOS(6 d vs.6 d,p=0.370)was not different between the *** Selective decontamination with neomycin and metronidazole reduces the risk of SSIs and overall *** was a trend to toward a lower AL,but this differ

关键词： Neomycin Metronidazole Colorectal surgery Anastomotic leakage Surgical site infection

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