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Arsenic in Drinking Water Toxicological Risk Assessment in the North Region of Burkina Faso

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第8期5卷 46-52页

作者： Jean fid.le Nzihou Médard Bouda Salou Hamidou Jean Diarra école Normale Supérieure/Université de Koudougou Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de Génie de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable/Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Mine et Environnement Université de Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue Rouyn-Noranda Canada Université Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (UCAO) Unité Universitaire à Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Human health risks assessment were estimated by determining the nature and probability of adverse health effects in the North region’s populations who are now exposed to arsenic from drinking water or will be exposed in the future. Several questions were addressed in this study: what types of health problems may be caused by arsenic from drinking water? What is the chance that people will experience health problems when exposed to different levels of arsenic? What arsenic level are people exposed to and for how long? To answers these questions we have first identified the hazard by evaluating arsenic concentration in thirty-four (34) bore-hole water points among the region based on the assumption of clinical cases related to drinking water. Arsenic concentration ranged from 0 up to 87.8 micrograms per liter. Next we assessed the dose-response of exposure to arsenic. Dose-response relationship describes how the likelihood and severity of adverse health effects are related to the amount and condition of exposure to arsenic. This required us to choose toxicity reference values (TRVs) above which adverse effects may occur for noncarcinogenic and for carcinogenic effects. Exposure factors have been calculated in two scenarios: people from 0 to 14 years old and people from 15 to 70 years. Exposure has been estimated indirectly through consideration of measured concentrations of arsenic in drinking water. This study show that people in the Yatenga, Zondoma and Passore provinces are at very high risk for developing several pathologies such as hyper pigmentation, keratosis, cancer, etc. due by chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water.

关键词： Arsenic Poisoning Toxicity Reference Value Risk Assessment Carcinogenic Effect Exposure Factor

Contribution of Climate Scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 to the Study of Climate Change Impacts on Cocoa Farming in Côte d’Ivoire

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 84-101页

作者： Adama Bamba N’Datchoh E. Toure Kouakou Kouadio Stéphane A. A. Ahoua Dolores V. M. Kouakou fid.le Yoroba Kakou M’Bo Mamadou Cherif Daouda Kone Arona Diedhiou laboratoire des Sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Université Félix Houphou&#235 t Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Centre d’Excellence Africain en Changement Climatique Biodiversité et Agriculture Durable (CCBAD) Université Félix Houphou&#235 t Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire laboratoire Mixte International Climat-Eau-Energy-Agriculture Université Félix Houphou&#235 t Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Station Géophysique de lAMTO BP 31 N’Douci C&#244 te d’Ivoire UFR Bioscience Université Félix Houphou&#235 t Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Université Grenoble Alpes IRD CNRS Grenoble-INP IGE Grenoble France

In the particular context of climate change in Côte d’Ivoire and the vulnerability of farmers to its effects, one of the major issues is how these changes could impact cocoa yields of cocoa production areas. Thus, the objective of this study is to sustainably increase the resilience of all cocoa farming stakeholders to the impacts of climate change. The study was carried out in the central and southern areas of Côte d’Ivoire with a focus on eleven localities that have many communities of cocoa producers and a humid climate. The rainfall and temperature observation data using come from the CRU, they cover the historical period from 1971 to 2000 at 0.5o × 0.5o horizontal scale. As for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, they come from the CORDEX database and cover the 2021-2050 period. The methodology is based on the calculation of climatic indices sensitive to cocoa cultivation which are the number of consecutive dry days (CDD), the number of consecutive wet days (CWD), the amount of rain during the rainy season and the maximum temperature above 33℃. The results show that for all the localities studied, indices such as CDD and CWD could experience an increase. In addition, the total amount of rain during the long rainy season (April to June) is calculated on the basis of the threshold of 700 mm representing the minimum annual precipitation during the rainy season necessary for good growth of the cocoa tree. It reveals that for the two scenarios the cumulative rainfall will all be greater than 700 mm. Regarding temperatures, the central and southern areas could have a low number of hot days (temperature greater than or equal to 33℃ which is the tolerable threshold for cocoa cultivation). The eleven localities, therefore, remain favorable areas for cocoa cultivation in terms of climatic conditions based on temperature and rainfall, despite the regional dimension of the effects of climate change and the associated constraints.

关键词： CORDEX Climate Indices Cocoa Temperature Precipitation

Characterization of Four University Hospitals Wastewater in Cotonou, Benin

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第4期11卷 402-419页

作者： Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh Cyriaque Degbey Judicaël Todedji fid.le Suanon Arouna Yessoufou Justin Somadje Ferdinand Goudjo Jean Wilfried Hounfodji Daouda Mama Regional Institute of Public Health Department of Environmental Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin University Clinic of Hospital Hygiene National University Hospital Center Hubert Koutoukou Maga Cotonou Benin laboratory of Applied Hydrology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Environment Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Because of the specificity of their care activities, hospital wastewater contains various contaminants such as germs, disinfectants, metals, pharmaceuticals and chemical reagents, potentially infectious or toxic, which can be harmful to living organisms, or create ecological damage. This study aimed to analyze the quality of wastewaters produced by university hospitals of Cotonou in Benin. Methods: We conduct an analytical cross-sectional study including 30 wastewater samples from selected hospitals. An analysis of variance was performed at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Microbiological analysis showed the presence of germs such as total coliform types, faecal coliforms, fecal streptococcus, staphylococcus, yeasts and Clostridium perfringens in hospital wastewater samples. There was a significant difference (p l loads of various germs, except staphylococcus, between hospitals. With regard to the physicochemical parameters, only the conductivity complied with the standards for the discharge of wastewater into the environment. A significant difference was noted between hospitals, for the electrical conductivity of wastewater (p levels of metals detected in the wastewaters were in line with Benin’s standards. There was no difference between the average concentrations of metals except for copper (p Conclusion: The wastewater produced by the university hospitals of Cotonou is of poor quality and therefore requires adequate prior treatment before discharge into the environment.

关键词： Germs Physicochemical Contaminants Hospital Wastewater Risks Benin

Environmental Impacts of Waste Management Deficiencies and Health Issues: A Case Study in the City of Kaya, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第10期4卷 1080-1087页

作者： Patricia Kafando Bila Gérard Segda Jean fid.le Nzihou Jean Koulidiati Ecole Normale Supérieure Université de Koudougou Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de Génie de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In this study, a stratified survey sampling was used in order to broaden our knowledge on the management systems of household waste in the town of Kaya/Burkina Faso. Population study consists of households of the town of Kaya. The sample size was fist determined using the sample size calculation formula. Then four (04) strata comprising the town of Kaya sectors that have a Health and Social Promotion Center (HSPC) have been considered. A random household selection method, used inside each stratum and a number of 468 households representative of the town’s population, was surveyed. We have addressed all solid and liquid waste management strategies in those four strata. For each stratum, waste disposal infrastructure, its management in the households and its impacts on the town’s environment and populations’ health were screened. Data collected are presented through descriptive statistics in mean of tables and graphs. Frequently reported diseases in the four HSPCs have been correlated with waste management and disposal methods in the town. Poor handling, evacuation and disposal of waste have numerous negatives impacts on the city’s environment such as proliferation of mosquitoes and flies, bad odors, visual pollution. These negatives impacts on the environment in turn have negatives impacts on the health of the city residents. Malaria appears the most encountered disease followed by Acute Respiratory Infection and Diarrhea. Suggestions aimed at improving waste management and the reduction of its deficiencies impacts on the health of the population has been made.

关键词： Waste Management Kaya Environment Mosquitoes Sanitation Malaria Diarrhea

西非布基纳法索共和国道路网干扰对路边环境Pteleopsis suberosa更新的影响(英文)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第4期20卷 355-361,I0007页

作者： fid.le BOGNOUNOU Patrice SAVADOGO Adjima THIOMBIANO Mulualem TIGABU Issaka Joseph BOUSSIM Per Christer ODEN Sita GUINKO Université de Ouagadougou Unité de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Département Productions Forestières

沿铺面道路和未铺面道路,调查了4种路边环境(缓变区,附近区,中间区和非缓变区)的Pteleopsis suberosa苗木种群结构和其更新机制。沿道路平行线调查了2m×5m的203块样方,记录每个样方内的种苗总数和每个种苗的活枝数。通过评价基部和水... 详细信息

沿铺面道路和未铺面道路,调查了4种路边环境(缓变区,附近区,中间区和非缓变区)的Pteleopsis suberosa苗木种群结构和其更新机制。沿道路平行线调查了2m×5m的203块样方,记录每个样方内的种苗总数和每个种苗的活枝数。通过评价基部和水平枝芽和挖掘地下根系来确定更新机制。结果表明,在4种路边环境中,单一主干和多主干苗木的总密度及各自密度都有明显的变化(pleopsis suberosa根出条更新;道路类型(铺面和未铺面)对苗木密度没有影响,但对路边立地的***种群的萌生能力来说,道路类型是一个重要变量。***是一个耐干扰的物种,受道路网干扰后可以通过根出条繁殖。

关键词： Pteleopsis suberosa 道路网干扰苗木更新根出条

Impact of Four Fiber Sources and the Strategy of Feeding on the Nutritional Quality of Rabbit Meat (Oryctogalagus cuniculis)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第8期13卷 1233-1245页

作者： Agbo Gwladys Mènon Mazou Mouaïmine Salifou Chakirath Folakè Arikè Dedome Sèdjro ludolphe Aminou Kabirath Osnelle Omotola Gangbedji Edith Dokui Faustin Djossou Jospin Adriano Yovo Mahudro Seibou Tolebasoumanou Houndonougbo Mankpondji Frédéric Tchobo fid.le Paul laboratory of Study and Research in Applied Chemistry Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Benin Cotonou Benin laboratory of Aviculture Research and Zoo-Economy Faculty of agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Benin Cotonou Benin Zootechnics laboratory Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Benin Cotonou Benin laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Meat Technology Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Benin Cotonou Benin

This study was conducted to valorize four sources of fiber (Gliricidia sepium, leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera and palm nut fibers) in animal production. The experiments were carried out on 128 rabbits divided into 4 batches of 32 animals, reared for 8 weeks under the same conditions. Each batch was subdivided into two subgroups, one fed with a complete diet (a diet containing one of the fiber sources and served all day) and the other with the same diet separated from the fiber source (served at 9 a.m. and supplemented with the fiber source at 4 p.m.). Eight (8) experimental rations were, respectively, tested on the subgroups: complete feed Gliricidia sepium (CFG);supplemented feed Gliricidia sepium (SFG);complete feed leucaena leucocephala (CFl);supplemented feed leucaena leucocephala (SFl);complete feed Moringa oleifera (CFM);supplemented feed Moringa oleifera (SFM);complete feed palm nut fiber (CFF);supplemented feed palm nut fiber (SFF). In each subgroup, 4 rabbits were slaughtered at 15 weeks of age for a total of 32 rabbits. Physico-chemical parameters were evaluated on the feed and the meat. Data were analyzed using SAS 2013 software. Fiber content was similar (p > 0.05) for complete feeds. Fat content was high (p lm nuts fiber (27.34%) and the CFF feed (11.36%). Feeding rabbits with G. sepium leaves or palm nut fiber continuously increased the fat content of the meat in contrast to sequential feeding. Meat quality was also better when the fiber source was used in the feed of the rabbits in the evening.

关键词： Strategy of Feeding Fiber l. leucocephala M. oleifera G. sepium Palm Nuts

Implications of Non-Carbonate Dolomite Minerals in the Formation of Red Soils in a Paleokarstic Context in the Taoudeni Basin in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第2期11卷 59-71页

作者： fid.le Kaboré Gounwendmanaghré Hubert Zongo Bright Fafali Dogbey Korodjouma Ouattara Younoussa Millogo limata Kaboré Edmond Hien Prosper N. Zombré laboratoire Sols Matériaux et Environnement (LSME) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Géosciences et Environnement Minier Université de Fada Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Soil Resources Management CSIR-College of Science and Technology Accra Ghana Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques (UFR/ST) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Bureau des Mines et de la Géologie du Burkina Faso (BUMIGEB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Montpellier France

Uncertainties remain as to the ability of certain carbonate rocks to form the red soils covering them. These doubts, which have been the subject of debate for several decades, become real when carbonate rocks are pure and low in insoluble residues. In the carbonate rocks of the Taoudeni basin in Burkina Faso, brown-red to red soils develop, at the top of hillsides and in karstic cavities. No study in the region has yet shown the existence in these carbonate rocks of sufficient insolubles to form soils after decalcification. The objective of this study was therefore to identify and quantify the minerals of carbonate rocks in order to identify the origin of red soils. Petrographic, chemical (XRF) and mineralogical (XRD) investigations on dominant carbonate rocks features in the study area show that the rocks studied are mainly magnesian dolomites (Dolomite > 50% of carbonate minerals and Ca/Mg ratio l and hydrothermal origin, negligible in certain pure dolomites (12%) in other dolomitic features. These insoluble silicates formed of quartz, potassium feldspar (orthoclase), clays (talc, phlogopite and kaolinite) and iron oxides constitute the main original material of reddened soils in karstic cavities.

关键词： Dolostone Mineralogy Parent Material Alteration Rubification

Environmental Pollution Bioindication Based on Ficus benjamina l. leaf Reflectance in the City of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2016年第2期5卷 55-63页

作者： Zamblé fid.le Tra Bi Yao Sadaiou Sabas Barima Djédoux Maxime Angaman Ali reza Khavanin Zadeh Karidia Traoré Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Environnement Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Agroforesterie Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244te d’Ivoire

The air in African cities is increasingly polluted mainly due to human activities. A bioindication technical of urban air quality based on active remote sensing might be an alternative to existing physico-chemical methods. Reflectance measurements in the visible spectrum have been carried out at the adaxial and abaxial sides of Ficus benjamina l. leaves in the city of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, with a precision digital camera. leaves were collected in industrial zones and in parks. The impact of air pollution on leaf physiological as well as structural characteristics in these two contrasts urban environments was determined by Dorsiventral leaf Reflectance Correlation (DRlC) and dorsiventral leaf reflectance asymmetry quantitatively defined with Normalized Dorsiventral Asymmetry Index (NDAI). Species leaf susceptibility to air pollution from season to season was determined by NDAI seasonal variation. leaf reflectance measurements allowed the estimation of environmental stress level among industrial areas and parks. NDAI and DlRC were significantly higher in industrial zones compared to parks. NDAI values were found significantly higher for major rainy season compared to major dry season, indicating probably that F. benjamina leaf structure changes were increased from one season to another. Thereby, assessment of urban air quality can be done using leaves reflectance in the visible spectrum.

关键词： Bioindication Air Pollution Reflectance Visible Spectrum Côte d’Ivoire

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超市异味VOCs成分分析及健康风险评估

环境科学学报 2024年第2期44卷 343-354页

作者：周珏赵灿明黄超杨智表庞小兵孙孜涵汪智文张博源徐浩楠陈东之吕彦浙江工业大学环境学院杭州310014 松下家电(中国)有限公司杭州310018 浙江海洋大学石油化工与环境学院舟山316022

超市食品容易产生异味,导致顾客产生不愉悦的嗅觉感受,这些异味的主要成分是挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs).为确定超市异味VOCs化学成分及其来源,对超市开展现场采样检测.本研究采用3种不同的VOCs采样检测方法:吸附管... 详细信息

超市食品容易产生异味,导致顾客产生不愉悦的嗅觉感受,这些异味的主要成分是挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs).为确定超市异味VOCs化学成分及其来源,对超市开展现场采样检测.本研究采用3种不同的VOCs采样检测方法:吸附管采样-热脱附-气相色谱/质谱法(TD-GC/MS)、气袋采样-TD-GC/MS和苏玛罐采样-气相色谱-火焰离子化检测/质谱法(GC-fid/MS),对超市室内空气中的VOCs进行采样检测比较.结果表明,苏玛罐采样法的总挥发性有机物(Total Volatile Organic Compounds,TVOC)体积分数为63.3×10^(-9)~86.8×10^(-9),共检测出26种VOCs,主要包括卤代烃、烷烃和苯系物,但异味贡献较小,未检测出异味较大的VOCs;气袋采样法仅检测出9种VOCs,且φ(TVOC)均小于10.0×10^(-9),说明气袋存在显著壁吸附效应,不适用于本次实验;吸附管采样法的检测结果显示,φ(TVOC)为79.5×10^(-9)~86.1×10^(-9),共检测出19种VOCs,包括多种醛酮化合物、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇等具有较大异味的极性挥发性有机化合物(Polar Volatile Organic Compounds,PVOCs),该方法适用于超市室内异味检测.超市异味VOCs的主要成分是乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、异戊烷及丙酮、壬醛、癸醛等.同时,本研究评估了这19种VOCs的健康风险,结果显示,超市室内的总致癌风险值和非致癌风险值分别为1.1×10^(-7)和2.8×10^(-2),均低于其阈值1和1.0×10^(-6),这表明超市室内的VOCs不会对人员造成致癌和非致癌风险.通过气味活度值(Odor Activity Vaule,OAV)和异味贡献率(Odor Contribution,P)的分析,发现壬醛和癸醛的OAV>1,P分别达到了约53.7%和43.4%,表明壬醛和癸醛是主要异味VOCs.多种物质混合具有加成作用,P排在3~5位的异味VOCs丙酮、苯甲醇、乙酸乙酯可能是次要异味VOCs.

关键词：超市异味VOCs 采样检测方法成分分析健康风险评估气味活度值