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Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第30期27卷 4999-5018页

作者： Eleni Rebelos Patricia Iozzo Maria Angela Guzzardi Maurizia Rossana Brunetto ferruccio Bonino Turku PET Centre University of TurkuTurku 20500Finland Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research CouncilPisa 56124Italy Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Pisa University HospitalPisa 56121Italy Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of PisaPisa 56121Italy Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging National Research CouncilNapoli 80145Italy

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),formerly named“nonalcoholic fatty liver disease”occurs in about one-third of the general population of developed countries worldwide and behaves as a major morbidity and mortality risk factor for major causes of death,such as cardio-vascular,digestive,metabolic,neoplastic and neuro-degenerative ***,progression of MAFLD and its associated systemic complications occur almost invariably in patients who experience the additional burden of intrahepatic and/or systemic inflammation,which acts as disease *** review is focused on the new knowledge about the brain-gut-liver axis in the context of metabolic dysregulations associated with fatty liver,where insulin resistance has been assumed to play an important *** emphasis has been given to digital imaging studies and in particular to positron emission tomography,as it represents a unique opportunity for the noninvasive in vivo study of tissue *** exhaustive revision of targeted animal models is also provided in order to clarify what the available preclinical evidence suggests for the causal interactions between fatty liver,dysregulated endogenous glucose production and insulin resistance.

关键词： Metabolic associated fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Endogenous glucose production Insulin resistance Steatohepatitis Inflammation

Bio-mathematical models of viral dynamics to tailor antiviral therapy in chronic viral hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第5期15卷 531-537页

作者： Maurizia Rossana Brunetto Piero Colombatto ferruccio Bonino UO Epatologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana 56100 Pisa Italy Direzione Scientifica Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli and Regina Elena di Milano 20122 Milano Italy

The simulation of the dynamics of viral infections by mathematical equations has been applied successfully to the study of viral infections during antiviral therapy. Standard models applied to viral hepatitis describe the viral load decline in the f irst 2-4 wk of antiviral therapy, but do not adequately simulate the dynamics of viral infection for the following period. The hypothesis of a constant clearance rate of the infected cells provides an unrealistic estimation of the time necessary to reach the control or the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV)/ hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To overcome the problem, we have developed a new multiphasic model in which the immune system activity is modulated by a negative feedback caused by the infected cells reduction, and alanine aminotransferase kinetics serve as a surrogate marker of infected-cell clearance. By this approach, we can compute the dynamics of infected cells during the whole treatment course, and find a good correlation between the number of infected cells at the end of therapy and the long-term virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The new model successfully describes the HBV infection dynamics far beyond the third month of antiviral therapy under the assumption that the sum of infected and non-infected cells remains roughly constant during therapy, and both target and infected cells concur in the hepatocyte turnover. In clinical practice, these new models will allow the development of simulators of treatment response that will be used as an "automatic pilot" for tailoring antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B as well as chronic hepatitis C patients.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Bio-mathematical models Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Viral dynamics

Design Features and Performance Data of a New 400 kW Biomass Gasification Power Plant of Downdraft Type

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 229-236页

作者： Daniele Accornero Alessandro Nilberto ferruccio Pittaluga Department of Mechanical Energy Management and Transportation Engineering University of Genova Genova 16145 Italy

A new biomass-gasification power plant, of medium-size downdraft type, is presented and discussed in its design features and performance characteristics. Its configuration and overall dimensions, initially conceived for 800 kW, were recently re-tuned, from a functional point of view and on the base of a parallel theoretical analysis, by decreasing to about 400 kW the former nominal power level. This provision, jointly with the basic design choice of adopting a long and amply dimensioned inlet-biomass thermal pretreatment section, turned out quite effective in achieving high gasification temperatures and a low-tar content in the produced gas at fuel-to-air ratios well below the usually imposed ones, to the advantage of the heat value of the product-gas. The paper discusses the numerical analysis results which helped to properly re-adjust the operational parameters of the gasifier and then presents the experimental performance data of the overall power plant including biomass consumption, gasification temperatures, gas production, composition and pollutants content, cold-gas conversion efficiency and global electric efficiency. Special care is devoted to investigating the issue of a significant production of carbon-containing particulate matter in the product gas, which turns out made up of char and fixed carbon much more than of tar species.

关键词： Biomass gasification downdrafl gasifier product gas characterization tar species charcoal production.

Performance Analysis of a Woodchip Downdraft Gasifier： Numerical Prediction and Experimental Validation

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第4期9卷 336-347页

作者： Emanuela Manzino Daniela Olampi ferruccio Pittaluga Department of Mechanical Energy Management and Transportation Engineering The University of Genova Savona 17100 Italy

The study deals with a multi-faceted theoretical approach, symbolic, analytical and numerical, based on the chemical equilibrium assumption, addressed at predicting the performance trends of downdrafi wood-gasification processes so to assess the optimal ranges of input parameters, in particular the equivalence ratios, suitable to achieving the highest cold gas efficiencies whilst keeping the more the possible tar-free the produced bio-syngas. The time-steady, zero-dimensional model has been developed within MATLAB （the computing language and interactive environment from Matrix Laboratory） and solved by enforcing the constraints posed by the equilibrium constants in relation to two reactions, gas-water shift and methanation. Particular care is devoted toward verifying the real attainment of the equilibrium condition, as attested by an actual presence of products from the equilibrium reactions together with a zero difference AE between the energy flows entering and exiting the system, an issue often overlooked. With respect to other similar theoretical approaches, the numerical model, assisted by the symbolic counterpart for better interpretation and intrinsic validation of results, shows a distinct advantage in predicting rather accurately the syngas composition for varying gasification temperatures, as attested by cross comparisons with experimental data directly taken on an instrumented, dedicated, small-scale downdraft gasifier operational at DIME/SCL （the Savona Combustion Laboratory of DIME, the Dept. of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering of Genova University）. The behavior of cold gas efficiency clearly points out that, from an energy conversion point of view, the optimal gasification temperatures turn out comprised between 900 ℃ and 1,000 ℃： this range is indeed characterized by the highest concentrations in the energy-rich syngas components CO and H2. For higher temperatures, as induced by higher air-to-fuel ratios, the progressive

关键词： Downdraft gasifier woodchip gasification equilibrium chemistry MATLAB simulation.

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隔离开关对于电力可靠性的重要性

华东电力 2007年第C期35卷 127-132页

作者： ferruccio Dianin Peter Kirchesch Ulrich Stracke AREVAT&D

运行电网互联的高压和超高压变电站采用远程通信控制对开关设备要求具有高可靠性。介绍了隔离开关的设计制造和测试方面的先进经验及在运输和安装方面的要求。预测电网未来对开关设备的要求。

关键词：电力网开关设备隔离开关

Hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization: Dynamic perfusion-CT in the assessment of residual tumor

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第47期16卷 5993-6000页

作者： Davide Ippolito Pietro Andrea Bonaff ini Laura Ratti Laura Antolini Rocco Corso ferruccio Fazio Sandro Sironi Department of Diagnostic Radiology School of Medicine University of Milano-BicoccaH S. Gerardo Department of Clinical Medicine Prevention and Biotechnology Section of Medical Statistics H S. Gerardo Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine University of Milano-Bicocca H S. Gerardo Department of Interventional Radiology H S. Gerardo

AIM: To asses the value of computed tomography (CT)-perfusion in the detection of residual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vascularization after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive patients were pro-spectively included in this study. All patients had liver cirrhosis and a conf irmed HCC lesion which was treated with TACE. One month after treatment, perfusion measurements of treated lesions were carried out. The CTperfusion (CT-p) protocol was performed with 16 slice multidetector computed tomography which included the following parameters: 8 dynamic slices/scan per 40 scans after iv injection of 50 mL of iodinated contrast (350 mg/mL) at a flow rate of 6 mL/s. Treated lesions were evaluated using dedicated perfusion software, which generated a quantitative colour map of perfusion. The following parameters were considered: hepatic perfusion (HP), arterial perfusion (AP), blood volume (BV), hepatic perfusion index (HPI), and time to peak (TTP). Perfusion parameters were described with quartile values of their distribution and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Perfusion parameters of the treated lesions could be quantitatively assessed using CT-p analysis. The presence of residual tumor tissue was observed in 13 of the 32 patients. The values of the perfusion parameters measured within the relapse tissue were: HP (mL/100 g per minute): median = 44.4 (1stqt = 31.3, 3rdqt = 55.8); BV (mL/100 g): median = 18.7 (1stqt = 11.5, 3rdqt = 22.5); AP (mL/min): median = 39.0 (1stqt = 36.5, 3rdqt = 61.3); HPI (%): median = 34.0 (1stqt = 30.4, 3rdqt = 38.9); TTP (s): median = 17.3 (1stqt = 15.8, 3rdqt = 26.5). With the use of the univariate paired Wilcoxon signed rank test, HP, AP and HPI were shown to be significantly higher (P<0.001) in the relapse site than in the primary lesion. The BV and TTP parameters showed a tendency to be greater and lower, respectively, in the relapse site than in the primary lesion. CONCLUSION: In patients with HCC treat

关键词： Computed tomography-perfusion Functional-computed tomography Hepatocellular carcinoma Trans-arterial chemoembolization Tumour neo-angiogenesis

Liver stiffness in the hepatitis B virus carrier:A non-invasive marker of liver disease influenced by the pattern of transaminases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第40期14卷 6154-6162页

作者： Filippo Oliveri Barbara Coco Pietro Ciccorossi Piero Colombatto Veronica Romagnoli Beatrice Cherubini ferruccio Bonino Maurizia Rossana Brunetto UO Epatologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana Università di Pisa Pisaand Direzione Scientifica della Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

AIM： To investigate the usefulness of transient elastography by Fibroscan （FS）, a rapid non-invasive technique to evaluate liver fibrosis, in the management of chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） carriers. METHODS： In 297 consecutive HBV carriers, we studied the correlation between liver stiffness （LS）, stage of liver disease and other factors potentially influencing FS measurements. In 87 chronic hepatitis B （CriB） patients, we monitored the FS variations according to the spontaneous or treatment-induced variations of biochemical activity during follow-up. RESULTS： FS values were 12.3 ± 3.3 kPa in acute hepatitis, 10.3 ± 8.8 kPa in chronic hepatitis, 4.3 ± 1.0 kPa in inactive carriers and 4.6 ± 1.2 kPa in blood donors. We identified the cut-offs of 7.5 and 11.8 kPa for the diagnosis of fibrosis ≥S3 and cirrhosis respectively, showing 93.9% and 86.5% sensitivity, 88.5% and 96.3% specificity, 76.7% and 86.7% positive predictive value （PPV）, 97.3% and 96.3% negative predictive value （NPV） and 90.1% and 94.2% diagnostic accuracy. At multivariate analysis in 171 untreated carriers, fibrosis stage （t = 13.187,P 〈 0.001）, active vs inactive HBV infection （t = 6.437, P 〈 0.001）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）（t = 4.740, P 〈 0.001） and HBV-DNA levels （t = -2.046, P = 0.042） were independently associated with FS. Necroinflammation score （t = 2.158, 〉 10/18 vs ≤ 10/18, P = 0.035） and ALT levels （t = 3.566, P =0.001） were independently associated with LS in 83 untreated patients without cirrhosis and long-term biochemical remission （t = 4.662, P 〈 0.001） in 80 treated patients. During FS monitoring （mean followup 19.9 ± 7.1 mo） FS values paralleled those of ALT in patients with hepatitis exacerbation （with 1.2 to 4.4-fold increases in Crib patients） and showed a progressive decrease during antiviral therapy. CONCLUSION： FS is a non-invasive tool to monitor liver disease in chronic HBV carriers, provided that the pattern of biochemical activity is taken into account. In the inacti

关键词： Liver elastography Liver fibrosis Cirrhosis Hepatitis B virus Chronic hepatitis B

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法国拍谱海锡克&查理海锡克香槟总部大楼

中国建筑装饰装修 2010年第6期 40-45页

作者： Pietro ferruccio Laviani Agence TER Jacques Ferrier Architectures photo Luc Boegly

拍谱海锡克＆查理海锡克香槟酒庄的新办公大楼包括建造新的生产单元，扩建一个新的葡萄种植产地和一个展览区域。建筑的风格一致．连接了项目中所有的元素．同时使得建筑既现代又不是很突兀．又能引起我们对原来日子的回忆。建筑的立面... 详细信息

拍谱海锡克＆查理海锡克香槟酒庄的新办公大楼包括建造新的生产单元，扩建一个新的葡萄种植产地和一个展览区域。建筑的风格一致．连接了项目中所有的元素．同时使得建筑既现代又不是很突兀．又能引起我们对原来日子的回忆。建筑的立面从整个景观中抬升出来．改变了整个种植园．形成了类似灯塔的复合型结构。

关键词：办公大楼香槟锡法国生产单元葡萄种植建筑复合型

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用于敞开式变电站的特高压开关设备

华东电力 2007年第C期35卷 104-113页

作者： Francois Biquez Denis Chatrefou Jean-Marie Delcoustal ferruccio Dianin Christian Lindner Raoul Piccoli AREVA T&D France

作为1100kV的UHV（特高压）输电，面临技术——生态环境的巨大挑战。变电站的UHV开关装置模块，需要的是可靠、成本／效益比好、环境友好、可维护的方案。对于这些所需的参数以及技术规范的验证，采用AIS（空气隔离变电所）技术能完全... 详细信息

作为1100kV的UHV（特高压）输电，面临技术——生态环境的巨大挑战。变电站的UHV开关装置模块，需要的是可靠、成本／效益比好、环境友好、可维护的方案。对于这些所需的参数以及技术规范的验证，采用AIS（空气隔离变电所）技术能完全满足这些需要。介绍由瓷柱式断路器、隔离开关和NCIT（非传统互感器）所组成的UHV模块。这些装置是根据模块原理预先设计好的，其中的设备间的连接肯定允许快速安装。在变电站设备控制和检测方面，模块是预制标准化。加拿大和德国的试验站对断路器、隔离开关等独立的开关元件，在1100kV上做BIL、SIL和工频等绝缘试验，性能表现非常优越。因为对于特高压电压等级，IEC标准至今尚未规定，所以将根据外推法和现场数据作合理解释。瓷柱式断路器采用了最新复合绝缘体技术，在安全方面有所改进。AIS方案其他的关键技术，例如环境保护和成本，在可比的功能间，根据市场估计价值，与GIS解决方法作了比较。

关键词：特高压敞开式变电站开关设备