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Gastroesophageal reflux disease:From pathophysiology to treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3745-3749页

作者： fernando A Herbella Marco G Patti Department of Surgery University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIL 60637United States

This review focuses on the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its implications for treatment. The role of the natural anti-reflux mechanism (lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal peristalsis, diaphragm, and trans-diaphragmatic pressure gradient), mucosal damage, type of refluxate, presence and size of hiatal hernia, Helicobacter pylori infection, and Barrett’s esophagus are reviewed. The conclusions drawn from this review are: (1) the pathophysiology of GERD is multifactorial; (2) because of the pathophysiology of the disease, surgical therapy for GERD is the most appropriate treatment; and (3) the genesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma is associated with GERD.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Pathophysiology Acid reflux Non-acid reflux Esophageal manometry Ambulatory pH Barrett’s esophagus Esophageal adenocarcinoma

Dynamics of phosphorus in sediments of a naturally acidic lake

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第1期28卷 90-102页

作者： Temporetti PEDRO Snodgrass KIMBERLEY Pedrozo fernando Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Universidad Nacional del ComahueCONICETQuintral 12508400 BarilocheArgentina Staff Environmental Engineer Water and Environmental Technologies 480 East Park StreetSuite 200 ButteMT59701MontanaEEUU INIBIOMA Centro Regional Universitario BarilocheUniversidad Nacional del ComahueCONICETQuintral 12508400 BarilocheArgentina

The mechanisms which controls the fixation and/or release of P in sediment of an extremely acidic lake（pH = 2.0 to 3.0） and its response to the influence of eutrophic urban waste water were *** results,in the chemical composition,in the mineralogy of the sediment and in the material as obtained from sediment traps,show that the lake sediments are mainly volcanic material reflecting volcanic features of the *** sedimentation rate calculated for the lake(2.5×10;mg m;day;) was higher than that observed in other similar glacial lakes in both Andean Patagonia and also elsewhere in the *** Total Phosphorus concentration in sediments was higher than figures reported by other authors for mining acid lakes,and the main fraction of P was found associated with organic *** was no control by Fe or Al on P,because both are in solution at pH < *** was concluded that changes in the natural input of nutrients（derivatives of Copahue volcano fluid,the discharge of sewage,or basin run-off） are responsible for a high concentration of SRP and N-NH;in the *** experiments showed that sediments have no ability to retain phosphorus and a continuous release of P from the sediments into the water column was *** assays where the pH was artificially increased showed that the P still remains in solution until at least pH *** was concluded that changes in the natural input of nutrients due to:1) the volcanic fluids,2) the increase in sewage charges,or 3) surface runoff upstream,maintain a high trophic state with high concentrations of dissolved P and N-NH;,although the threshold of neutral pH in the lake is *** study will enable a better understanding about of the mechanism of release/fixation of phosphorus in acidic sediments in order to assist in making decisions regarding the conservation and management of this natural environment.

关键词： Sediments Phosphorus release Acidic lake

Cover Crops as Affecting Soil Chemical and Physical Properties and Development of Upland Rice and Soybean Cultivated in Rotation

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Rice science 2018年第6期25卷 340-349页

作者： Adriano Stephan NASCENTE Luis fernando STONE Embrapa Arroz e Feij(CNPAF) Rodovia GO-462km 12 Zona RuralCP.17975375-000Santo Antoio de GoiasGOBrasil

Cover crops can provide changes in soil chemical and physical properties, which could allow a sustainable development of soybean and upland rice rotation in Brazilian Cerrado. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cover crops(cultivated in the offseason) in the soybean-upland rice rotation(cultivated in the summer season) on the soil chemical and physical properties, yield components and grain yield of the cash crops. The experimental design was a randomized block design in factorial scheme 4 × 2 with six replications. Treatments were composed by four cover crops: fallow, millet(Pennisetum glaucum) + Crotalaria ochroleuca, millet + pigeon pea(Cajanus cajans), and millet + pigeon pea + Urochola ruziziensis in the offseason with one or two cycles of cover crops, with rice(Oryza sativa)or soybean(Glycine max) in the summer season. Cover crops alone provided no changes in soil chemical properties. However, the rotation cover crops/cash crops/cover crops/cash crops reduced p H, Al and H + Al and increased Ca, Mg, K and Fe contents in the soil. The cover crops millet + pigeon pea and millet + pigeon pea + U. ruziziensis improved soil physical properties in relation to fallow,especially in the 0–0.10 m soil layer. In spite of the improvement of the soil physical properties after two years of rotation with cover crops and cash crops, the soil physical quality was still below the recommended level, showing values of macroporosity, S index and soil aeration capacity lower than 0.10 m3/m3, 0.035 and 0.34, respectively. Upland rice production was higher under mixtures of cover crops than under fallow, mainly because of soil physical changes done by these mixtures of cover *** grain yield was similar under all cover crops tested, but was higher after the rotation cover crops/upland rice/cover crops than after only one cycle of cover crops.

关键词： crop rotation no-tillage system sustainable agriculture tropical agriculture rice soybean

Renormings concerning exposed points and non-smoothness

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第9期52卷 1844-1848页

作者： garcíA-PACHECO Francisco Javier Department of Mathematics Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Intuitively, non-smooth points might look like exposed points. However, in this paper we show that real Banach spaces having dimension greater than or equal to three can be equivalently renormed to obtain non-smooth p... 详细信息

关键词： exposed point smooth point rotund point Primary 46B20, 46B03 Secondary 46B07

Interplay between mesenchymal stromal cells and the immune system after transplantation: implications for advanced cell therapy in the retina

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 542-547页

作者： María Norte-Muñoz David garcía-Bernal Diego garcía-Ayuso Manuel Vidal-Sanz Marta Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la Salud30120 MurciaSpain Grupo de Investigación Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia celular Departamento de Bioquímica e Inmunología.Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la Salud30120 MurciaSpain

Advanced mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases are widely investigated in preclinical *** stromal cells are well positioned as therapeutics because they address the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration,namely trophic factor deprivation and *** studies have focused on the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation on neuronal survival or functional ***,little attention has been paid to the interaction between mesenchymal stromal cells and the host immune system due to the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells and the long-held belief of the immunoprivileged status of the central nervous ***,we review the crosstalk between mesenchymal stromal cells and the immune system in general and in the context of the central nervous system,focusing on recent work in the retina and the importance of the type of transplantation.

关键词： adaptive immunity cell therapy central nervous system immune system innate immunity mesenchymal stromal cells neuroregeneration preclinical studies retina transplantation

Mechanisms to explain soil liquefaction triggering,development,and persistence during an earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2024年第6期37卷 558-573页

作者： fernando Teixeira MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and DevelopmentInstitute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade deÉvoraPólo da MitraAp.947006-554ÉvoraPortugal

Mechanisms have been proposed to explain the triggering,development,and persistence of soil *** mechanism explaining the horizontal failure plane(triggering)and its depth below the phreatic surface is governed by the flux properties and effective stress at that *** the failure plane,the pore water pressure was higher than the effective stress,and the volume change was the *** pore water pressure is a function of the soil profile features(particularly the phreatic zone width)and bedrock motion(horizontal acceleration).The volume change at the failure plane is a function of the intrinsic permeability of the soil and bedrock *** failure plane was predicted to occur during the oscillation with the highest amplitude,disregarding further bedrock motion,which was consistent with low seismic energy *** mechanisms were proposed to explain the persistence of soil *** first is the existence of low-permeability layers in the depth range in which the failure planes are predicted to *** other allows for the persistence and development of soil liquefaction;it is consistent with homogeneous soils and requires water inflow from bedrock water *** latter explains many of the features of soil liquefaction observed during earthquakes,namely,surficial effects,“instant”liquefaction,and the occurrence of short-and long-term changes in the level of the phreatic *** model(hypothesis),the relationship between the flux characteristics and loss of soil shear strength,provides self-consistent constraints on the depth below the phreatic surfaces where the failure planes are observed(expected to occur).It requires further experimental and observational *** reasoning can be used to explain other saturated soil phenomena.

关键词： soil liquefaction triggering soil liquefaction persistence intrinsic soil permeability impervious soil layers bedrock water springs

Local Isoperimetric Inequalities for Sectors on Surfaces and Cones

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第7期23卷 1317-1326页

作者： fernando GIMNEZ Javier Orengo VALVERDE Department de Matemdtica Aplicada University Politécnica de ValenciaCamino de Vera s/n46022SPAIN Department de Matemáticas University de Castilla la ManchaAvda.de Espaas/n02071AlbaceteSpain

On surfaces we give conditions under which the solution of a restricted local isoperimetric problem for sectors with small solid angle is the circular sector and we characterize these surfaces. Also we study this prob... 详细信息

关键词： isoperimetric cones solid angle

Plumage brightness and uropygial gland secretions in barn swallows

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 177-182页

作者： Anders PAPE MOLLER fernando MATEOS-GONZALEZ Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-Sud CNRS AgroParisTech Universite Paris-Saclay Batiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex France Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre University of Uppsala Norbyvagen 18d SE-75236 Uppsala Sweden

The uropygial gland has been hypothesized to play a role in sexual signaling through a "make-up" function derived from the effects of secretions from the gland on the appearanee of the plumage and bare parts of the body. Here we show that plumage brightness of dorsal feathers of individual barn swallows Hirundo rustica was greater in mated than in unmated individuals. In addition, plumage brightness in creased with colony size. Furthermore, plumage bright ness was positively correlated with the amount of wax in the uropygial gland, negatively correlated with time of sampling of uropygial wax (perhaps because more wax is present early in the morning after an entire night of wax production without any preening), and negatively correlated with the number of chewing lice that degrade the plumage. Experimentally preventing barn swallows from access to the uropygial gland reduced plumage brightness, showing a causal link between secretions from the uropygial gland and plumage brightness. These findings provide evidence consistent with a role of uropygial secretions in signaling plumage brightness.

关键词： brightness coloration preening wax sexual selection uropygial gland

Anemia and inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第37期15卷 4659-4665页

作者： fernando Gomollón Javier P Gisbert Gastroenterology Unit Clinical Universitary Hospital "Lozano Blesa" CIBEREHD Avenida San Juan Bosco 15 Zaragoza 50009 Spain Gastroenterology Unit Universitary Hospital "La Princesa" CIBEREHD C/Diego de León 62 Madrid 28006 Spain

Too often anemia is considered a rare or unimportant manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, over the last 10 years a number of studies have been conducted and the most relevant conclusions obtained are: (1) anemia is quite common in IBD; (2) although in many cases anemia parallels the clinical activity of the disease, many patients in remission have anemia, and iron, vitamin B12 and/or folic acid deficiency; (3) anemia, and also iron def iciency without anemia, have important consequences in the clinical status and quality of life of the patient; (4) oral iron can lead to gastrointestinal intolerance and failure of treatment; (5) intravenous iron is an effective and safe way to treat iron deficiency; (6) erythropoietin is needed in a significant number of cases to achieve normal hemoglobin levels. Thus, the clinician caring for IBD patients should have a comprehensive knowledge of anemia, and apply recently published guidelines in clinical practice.

关键词： Anemia Inflammatory bowel diseases Ferritin Iron