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Heavy Metal Levels and Potential Ecological Risks Assessed at an Agroecosystem Site in Tropical Region

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第9期10卷 42-60页

作者： Luc Kalendele Lundemi Stéphanie Salumu Neema Emmanuel Kazinguvu Atibu Crispin Kyela Mulaji Thierry Tabou Tangou Camille Ipey Nsimanda Robert Bueya Suami Marie Onokoko Esako Dieudonné Eyul’Anki Musibono fernando piedade carvalho Department of Environment Faculty of Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Oil Gas and Renewable Energy University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Chemistry and Industry University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Université Pédagogique National Kinshasa République Démocratique du Congo Laboratório de Protecç ã o e Seguranç a Radiologica Instituto Superior Técnico/Campus Tecnológico Nuclear Universidade de Lisboa Bobadela Portugal

The concentrations and distribution of thirteen metals and metalloids were investigated in soils, sediments, and two biological matrices (the fish Clarias gariepisnis and the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus) from the CECOMAF agroecosystem, in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, in order to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities. The results revealed high concentrations of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg all above values recommended by sediment quality guidelines and their probable effect levels on biota. According to the calculated Enrichment Factor, soil and sediments ranked from moderately to heavily polluted by Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg. The Contamination Degree and other ecological risk indices indicated very high contamination and very high ecological risks posed by Cd and Hg, respectively. The Geoaccumulation Index indicated that current metal concentrations in the agroecosystem originated from anthropogenic activities, while the Spearman correlation matrix values indicated that Hg could originate from different sources and pathways than the other metals. It was concluded that metals from unchecked anthropogenic activities have negatively impacted agricultural activities and fish production at the CECOMAF agroecosystem. Action to reduce the contamination level and the ecological risks by remediating and preventing metal pollution in the CECOMAF agroecosystem site is recommended.

关键词： Agroecosystem Site Heavy Metals Soil Sediment Ecological Risk Clarias gariepisnis Pontoscolex corethrurus

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Neurorestorative Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy after Stroke: An Integrative Review

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2013年第4期4卷 253-262页

作者： Marina Lucas Pedro Ribeiro Mauricio Cagy Silmar Teixeira Fernanda Chaves Diana carvalho Caroline Peressutti Sérgio Machado Juliana Bittencourt Bruna Velasques Roberto piedade Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Physiotherapy Laboratory Veiga de Almeida University (UVA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Physiotherapy Department Piquet Carneiro Policlinic State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil School of Physical Education Bioscience Department Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistic Institute of Health Community Federal Fluminense University (UFF) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratory of Panic and Respiration Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory Salgado de Oliveira University Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Stroke has been considered as one of the main causes of death and of motor and cognitive sequels. Especially, many patients with upper limb hemiparesis improved their motor action and showed meaningful cortical changes after treatment with constraint-induced movement therapy. Therefore, this review aims to verify the literature about neuroimaging and behavioral evidences in the cortical reorganization through the use of the constraint-induced movement therapy. So, we conducted the literature research in indexed journals from many databases like Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane Database, Lilacs and Scielo. We concluded that the behavioral and neuroimaging studies using traditional and modified constraint-induced movement therapy promote cortical reorganization.

关键词： Stroke Constraint-Induced-Movement-Therapy Neuroplasticity Cerebral Reorganization

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