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Modeling sustainability:population,inequality,consumption,and bidirectional coupling of the Earth and Human Systems

National Science Review 2016年第4期3卷 470-494页

作者： Safa Motesharrei Jorge Rivas Eugenia Kalnay Ghassem R.Asrar Antonio J.Busalacchi Robert F.Cahalan Mark A.Cane Rita R.Colwell Kuishuang Feng Rachel S.Franklin Klaus Hubacek fernando miralles-wilhelm Takemasa Miyoshi Matthias Ruth Roald Sagdeev Adel Shirmohammadi Jagadish Shukla Jelena Srebric Victor M.Yakovenko Ning Zeng University of Maryland College Park Institute for Global Environment and Society 3. Joint Global Change Research Institute College Park 4. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 5. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University 8. Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences/Population Studies and Training Center Brown University RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs and Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNortheastern University 11. Department of AtmosphericOceanicand Earth SciencesGeorge Mason University

Over the last two centuries,the impact of the Human System has grown dramatically,becoming strongly dominant within the Earth System in many diferent ***,inequality,and population have increased extremely fast,especially since about 1950,threatening to overwhelm the many critical functions and ecosystems of the Earth *** in the Earth System,in turn,have important feedback efects on the Human System,with costly and potentially serious ***,current models do not incorporate these critical *** argue that in order to understand the dynamics of either system,Earth System Models must be coupled with Human System Models through bidirectional couplings representing the positive,negative,and delayed feedbacks that exist in the real *** particular,key Human System variables,such as demographics,inequality,economic growth,and migration,are not coupled with the Earth System but are instead driven by exogenous estimates,such as United Nations population *** makes current models likely to miss important feedbacks in the real Earth–Human system,especially those that may result in unexpected or counterintuitive outcomes,and thus requiring diferent policy interventions from current *** importance and imminence of sustainability challenges,the dominant role of the Human System in the Earth System,and the essential roles the Earth System plays for the Human System,all call for collaboration of natural scientists,social scientists,and engineers in multidisciplinary research and modeling to develop coupled Earth–Human system models for devising efective science-based policies and measures to beneit current and future generations.

关键词： Earth and Human System Models population migration inequality data assimilation bidirectional couplings and feedbacks sustainability

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The Chloroplast Kinase Network： New Insights from Large-Scale Phosphoproteome Profiling

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1141-1153页

作者： Sacha Baginsky wilhelm Gruissem Department of Biology ETH Zurich Universitatstrasse 2 8092 Zurich Switzerland

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells and affects almost all basic cellular processes. The chloroplast as plant-specific cell organelle with important metabolic functions is integrated into the cellular signaling and phosphorylation network. Recent large-scale chloroplast phosphoproteome analyses in Arabidopsis have provided new information about phosphorylation targets and expanded the list of chloroplast metabolic and regulatory functions that are potentially controlled by protein phosphorylation. Phosphorylated peptides identified from chloroplast proteins provide new insights into phosphorylation motifs, protein kinase activities, and substrate utilization. Phosphorylation sites in protein kinases can reveal chloroplast phosphorylation cascades that may network different functions by integrating signaling chains. Our review provides a meta-analysis of currently available chloroplast phosphoproteome information and discusses biological insights from large-scale chloroplast phosphoprotein profiling as well as technological constraints of kinase network analysis.

关键词： Photosynthesis protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation proteomics signal transduction.

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STRAIN-GRADIENT STRESS ANALYSIS IN SAINT-VENANT BENDING

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 1996年第3期12卷 225-242页

作者： Friedrich wilhelm Hecker Jerzy Tadeusz Pindera Technische Universitat Braunschweig D-38106 Braunschweig Germany University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

Light beam deflections caused by stress or strain gradients are inves- tigated analytically and experimentally in homogeneous beam specimens which are subjected to a particular case of flexure with shear. This study is a generalization of the prior an alytical-experimental examination of strain-gradient light deflections produced in stressed plates, which had concentrated on the simplest case where in- formation of interest is collected along a line of symmetry of the stress field. Main purpose of the present investigation is to document the efficacy of the strain-gradient method in analysis of the general case of stress state. The most interesting stress state is that in a beam subjected to the Saint-Venant bending, where the transversal and the longitudinal axes of the beam are in pure shear. The obtained results are compared with the predictions of the developed analytical models and with the pre- dictions of Filon's stress function. The procedures of evaluating the photoelastic and material coefficients using strain-gradient techniques were tested positively.

关键词： experimental stress analysis applied mechanics optical methods light propagation strain-gradient light bending testing mathematical models

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Layer-like FAU-type zeolites:A comparative view on different preparation routes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 127-142页

作者： Bastian Reiprich Tobias Weissenberger wilhelm Schwieger Alexandra Inayat Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NumbergErlangen 91058Germany

The creation of intergrown layer-like zeolite crystals is one route to form hierarchical ***-type(FAU-type)zeolites are among the industrially most important zeolites and the implementation of hierarchical porosity is a promising way to optimise their catalytic and adsorptive *** a short general survey into routes for the preparation of hierarchical pore systems in FAU,we will review the currently existing strategies for the synthesis of FAU with layer-like *** strategies are mainly based on the presence of morphology modifying agents in the synthesis ***,a very recent approach is the synthesis of layer-like FAU-type zeolite crystals assembled in an intergrown manner in the absence of such additives,just by finely adjusting the crystallization *** additive-free preparation route for layer-like FAU,which appears very attractive from an ecological as well as economic point of view,is highlighted in this ***,a comparison,including powder X-ray diffraction,scanning and transmission electron microscopy,nitrogen physisorption and elemental analysis,between conventional FAU and three layer-like FAU obtained by different synthesis routes was carried out to show the structural,morphological and textural differences and similarities of these materials.

关键词： FAU hierarchical zeolite layer-like morphology

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FerryBox: Using Automated Water Measurement Systems to Monitor Water Quality: Perspectives for the Yangtze River and Three Gorges Dam

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 861-869页

作者： Carsten Frank Friedhelm Schroeder wilhelm Petersen Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH Institute for Coastal Research

The building of the Three Gorges Dam （Hubei （湖北） Province, China） has transformed a region with an economy based on sustainable agriculture for millennia into an entirely different environment within an exceptionally short time. This disrupts the natural biogeochemieal cycles of carbon, nutrients, and metals and possibly will affect the whole catchment including downstream ecosystems, such as wetlands, estuaries, deltas, and adjacent sea areas. Starting from changes that have already been documented, this article concentrates on the possible use of a ＂FerryBox＂, which is an automated water quality measurement system on board a ship or on shore, to monitor the short and long term development of the quality of the river water in the backwater area and downstream of the dam. While there are already research programmes running to monitor the water quality of the river and the backwater area, these programs are limited to ship campaigns with sampling and laboratory analysis. The spatial and temporal resolution of such measurements is not sufficient for an overall assessment of the water quality and for prognoses in the context of anthropogenic and climate change. Therefore, a concept of applying regular automated observations by a FerryBox is presented. It is shown that such systems are very well suited to give feedback for the assessment of measures to improve the water quality.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam Yangtze River eutrophication FerryBox.

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Loss of Aβ-nerve endings associated with the Merkel cell-neurite complex in the lesional oral mucosa epithelium of lichen planus and hyperkeratosis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2016年第1期8卷 32-38页

作者： Daniela Calderon Carrion Yiiksel Korkmaz Britta Cho Marion Kopp wilhelm Bloch Klaus Addicks wilhelm Niedermeier Department of Prosthetic Dentistry Dental SchoolUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Biochemistry Institute for Experimental Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal BiologyMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Department of Anatomy University of CologneCologneGermany Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine German Sport UniversityCologneGermany

The Merkel cell-neurite complex initiates the perception of touch and mediates Ap slowly adapting type I responses. Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with T-cell-mediated inflammation, whereas hyperkeratosis is characterized with or without epithelial dysplasia in the oral mucosa. To determine the effects of lichen planus and hyperkeratosis on the Merkel cell-neurite complex, healthy oral mucosal epithelium and lesional oral mucosal epithelium of lichen planus and hyperkeratosis patients were stained by immunohistochemistry （the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and double immunofluorescence methods）using pan cytokeratin, cytokeratin 20 （K20, a Merkel cell marker）, and neurofilament 200 （NF200, a myelinated Aβ- and Aδ-nerve fibre marker） antibodies. N F200-immunoreactive （ir） nerve fibres in healthy tissues and in the lesional oral mucosa epithelium of lichen planus and hyperkeratosis were counted and statistically analysed. In the healthy oral mucosa, K20-positive Merkel cells with and without close association to the intraepithelial NF200-ir nerve fibres were detected. In the lesional oral mucosa of lichen planus and hyperkeratosis patients, extremely rare NF200-ir nerve fibres were detected only in the lamina propria. Compared with healthy tissues, lichen planus and hyperkeratosis tissues had significantly decreased numbers of NF200-ir nerve fibres in the oral mucosal epithelium. Lichen planus and hyperkeratosis were associated with the absence of Aβ-nerve endings in the oral mucosal epithelium. Thus, we conclude that mechanosensation mediated by the Merkel cell-neurite complex in the oral mucosal epithelium is impaired in lichen planus and hvperkeratosis.

关键词： Aβ-nerve fibres hyperkeratosis lichen planus mechanosensation Merkel cell-neurite complex

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Introduction to the Problems of Relativistic and Absolute Space, Time, and Motion

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 1995年第4期6卷 1-24页

作者： H.E.wilhelm GuestEditoroftheCJSE&E

Author(s) wilhelm, H. E. CJ SE & E

关键词： STR Time and Motion Introduction to the Problems of Relativistic and Absolute Space GTR IFS

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Strategies and challenges to increase the precision in feeding zinc to monogastric livestock

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 103-108页

作者： Daniel Brugger wilhelm M.Windisch TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich

Practical diets for monogastric livestock must be supplemented with zinc(Zn) due to their high contents of antagonistic substances like phytates. Current feeding recommendations include quite generous safety margins because of uncertainties regarding the gross Zn requirements under varying rearing ***, the use of pharmacological Zn doses to stabilise animal performance and wellbeing is widespread. Taken together, modern diets for pigs and poultry contain considerably more Zn than necessary to meet animal requirements, which is associated with concerns related to the environment as well as animal and consumer safety. Therefore, European authorities most recently reduced the allowed upper limits for Zn in complete feed. To maintain animal productivity and wellbeing while reducing the Zn load in complete feed, all measures that stabilize feed Zn bioavailability must be applied. Most importantly, reliable information on the gross Zn requirement under practical conditions must be provided, considering the bioavailability of native or supplemented feed Zn, antagonisms with dietary factors as well as the physiological status of the animal.

关键词： Zinc Requirement Recommendation Pharmacological Pig Poultry

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The Role of Organic Matter During Metal Enrichment in Permian Kupferschiefer of the Rudna Mine,Southwest Poland

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2003年第1期22卷 1-10页

作者：孙玉壮 wilhelm PüTTMANN Hebei Institute of Architectural Science and Technology Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet Frankfurt

The bulk composition of organic matter and saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from 16 samples collected from two Kupferschiefer profiles in the Rudna mine, Southwest Poland has been analyzed to study the role of organic matter during base metal enrichment in the Kupferschiefer shale. The results indicated that the extract yields and saturated hydrocarbon yields decreased with increasing base metal contents. GC and GC/MS analyses indicated that n-alkanes and alkylated aromatic compounds were depleted and may have served as hydrogen donators for thermochemical sulfate reduction. The enrichment of base metals is closely connected with the destruction of hydrocarbons.

关键词：烃有机物铜页岩热化学作用硫酸盐贱金属波兰二叠纪欧洲

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Composition of Kerogen in Kupferschiefer from Southwest Poland

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2004年第2期23卷 101-112页

作者：孙玉壮 wilhelm PüTTMANN Hebei Institute of Architectural Science and Technology Handan 056038 China J.W. Goethe-Universitt Institut für Mineralogie-Umweltanalytik Georg-Voigt-Str. 14 60054 Frankfurt GermanySedimentarypyriteformation

Thirty-seven Kupferschiefer samples from southwestern Poland were analyzed by microscopy, Rock-Eval approach and instrumental neutron activation analysis to understand the geochemical and morphological characteristics of kerogen present in the samples. The analytical results indicate that there are two different types of kerogens. One type was only subjected to thermal alteration processes, and the other was further oxidized after deposition of the sediment. In the oxidized samples migrabitumen was transformed into pyrobitumen. Rock\|Eval analyses show a significant decrease in HI values in the oxidized samples and an increase in OI values in relation to the samples that were not influenced by oxidation. Variations in S2 versus C\-\{org\} contents indicate a change in kerogen from Type II to Type III with progressing oxidation. The presence of pyrobitumen and the depletion of hydrogen in the altered kerogen allow one to conclude that the kerogen was used as hydrogen donor for thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR).

关键词：油原铜页岩显微镜法热化学地球化学波兰

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