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Nitrogen addition delays the emergence of an aridity-induced threshold for plant biomass

National Science Review 2023年第11期10卷 148-159页

作者： Hailing Li César terrer Miguel Berdugo fernando t.maestre Zaichun Zhu Josep Pe?uelas Kailiang Yu Lin Luo Jie-Yu Gong Jian-Sheng Ye State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio“Ramón Margalef ”Universidad de Alicante Institut de Biologia Evolutiva(CSIC-UPF) Departamento de Ecología Universidad de Alicante School of Urban Planning and Design Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking University CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès High Meadows Environmental Institute Princeton University

Crossing certain aridity thresholds in global drylands can lead to abrupt decays of ecosystem attributes such as plant productivity, potentially causing land degradation and desertification. It is largely unknown,however, whether these thresholds can be altered by other key global change drivers known to affect the water-use efficiency and productivity of vegetation, such as elevated CO2and nitrogen(N). Using >5000 empirical measurements of plant biomass, we showed that crossing an aridity(1–precipitation/potential evapotranspiration) threshold of ～0.50, which marks the transition from dry sub-humid to semi-arid climates, led to abrupt declines in aboveground biomass(AGB) and progressive increases in root:shoot ratios, thus importantly affecting carbon stocks and their distribution. N addition significantly increased AGB and delayed the emergence of its aridity threshold from 0.49 to 0.55(P te sensing estimates of leaf area index with simulations from multiple models, we found that CO2enrichment did not alter the observed aridity threshold. By 2100, and under the RCP 8.5 scenario, we forecast a 0.3% net increase in the global land area exceeding the aridity threshold detected under a scenario that includes N deposition, in comparison to a 2.9% net increase if the N effect is not considered. Our study thus indicates that N addition could mitigate to a great extent the negative impact of increasing aridity on plant biomass in drylands. these findings are critical for improving forecasts of abrupt vegetation changes in response to ongoing global environmental change.

关键词： aboveground biomass root:shoot ratios elevated CO2 nitrogen fertilization ecosystem threshold

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打破干旱区土地退化与贫困的联结

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Science Bulletin 2022年第24期67卷 2508-2512页

作者：吕楠傅伯杰 Mark Stafford-Smith fernando t.maestre 程临海 State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CSIRO Land&Water Canberra ACT 2601Australia Department of Ecology University of AlicanteCarretera de San Vicente del RaspeigAlicante 03690Spain Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies“Ramon Margalef” University of AlicanteCarretera de San Vicente del RaspeigAlicante 03690Spain

Drylands cover approximately 41%of the global land surface and provide homes to more than two billion people. Collectively,drylands constitute the largest terrestrial biome on the planet,and despite their low productivity per land area compared to other ecosystems, they have a major impact on the ecological functioning and climate of our planet through carbon storage, albedo, dust production, and water cycling [1].

关键词： planet 土地退化 cycling

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Stipa tenacissima Does not Affect the Foliar δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N of Introduced Shrub Seedlings in a Mediterranean Semi-arid Steppe

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第8期48卷 897-905页

作者： fernando t.maestre Susana Bautista Jordi Cortina Departamento de Ecologia Universidad de AlicanteApartado de correos 9903080 AlicanteSpain Department of Biology Duke UniversityPhytotron BuildingScience DriveBox 90340DurhamNorth Carolina 27708-0340USA Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo C/ Charles Darwin 1446980 PaternaSpain

Recent studies have shown that the tussock grass Stipa tenacissima L. facilitates the establishment of late-successional shrubs, in what constitutes the first documented case of facilitation of woody plants by grasses. With the aim of increasing our knowledge of this interaction, in the present study we investigated the effects of S. tenacissima on the foliar δ13C, δ15N, nitrogen concentration, and carbon ： nitrogen ratio of introduced seedlings of Pistacia lentiscus L., Quercus coccifera L., and Medicago arborea L. in a semi-arid Mediterranean steppe. Six months after planting, the values of δ13C ranged between -26.9‰ and -29.6‰, whereas those of δ15N ranged between -1.9‰ and 2.7‰. the foliar C ： N ratio ranged between 10.7 and 53.5, and the nitrogen concentration ranged between 1.0% and 4.4%. We found no significant effect of the microsite provided by S. tenacissima on these variables in any of the species evaluated. the values of δ13C were negatively correlated with predawn water potentials in M. arborea and were positively correlated with relative growth rate in Q. coccifera. the values of δ15N were positively correlated with the biomass allocation to roots in the latter species. the present results suggest that the modification of environmental conditions in the are surrounding S. tenacissima was not strong enough to modify the foliar isotopic and nitrogen concentration of shrubs during the early stages after planting.

关键词： facilitation Medicago arborea Pistacia lentiscus Quercus coccifera stable isotopes steppe Stipa tenacissima.

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干旱区主导全球植被生产力增加趋势

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Science Bulletin 2023年第2期68卷 224-232,M0004页

作者：王帅傅伯杰魏芳莉朴世龙 fernando t.maestre Lixin Wang Wenzhe Jiao 刘焱序李琰李长嘉赵文武 State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Ecology University of AlicanteCarretera de San Vicente del RaspeigAlicante 03690Spain Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies“Ramon Margalef” University of AlicanteCarretera de San Vicente del RaspeigAlicante 03690Spain Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolis IN 46202USA

旱区(drylands)是指年平均降雨量与潜在蒸散发之比小于0.65的区域,占全球陆地表面的42%,是最易受气候变化影响的地区之一.然而,目前关于旱区植被对气候变化的响应特征及其对全球变绿和陆地生态系统生产力变化的相对贡献仍不清楚.本研究... 详细信息

旱区(drylands)是指年平均降雨量与潜在蒸散发之比小于0.65的区域,占全球陆地表面的42%,是最易受气候变化影响的地区之一.然而,目前关于旱区植被对气候变化的响应特征及其对全球变绿和陆地生态系统生产力变化的相对贡献仍不清楚.本研究通过集成模型和遥感数据分析发现,旱区对全球变绿的贡献较小,仅占33%±15%,但却主导了全球植被生产力(GPP)增加趋势,贡献达65%±16%旱区植被光合利用效率升高是解释变绿与生产力增加不一致的主要原因.旱区光能利用率主要受土壤水分的影响,大气水汽压差作用不显著,而非旱区主要受大气水汽压差的影响,土壤水的作用有限.因此,需要强调使用不同的水分胁迫指标来预测不同区域植被生产力变化的重要性,这也有助于理解较长时间尺度上植被绿度与生产力之间的解耦关系.

关键词：光能利用率水汽压差气候变化影响植被生产力旱区潜在蒸散发相对贡献集成模型

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Functional leaf and size traits determine the photosynthetic response of 10 dryland species to warming

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 773-783页

作者： Enrique Valencia JoséL.Quero fernando t.maestre Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química InorgánicaEscuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y TecnologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosC/Tulipán s/n28933 MóstolesSpain Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de MontesUniversidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales CrtaN-IV km.396C.P.14071 CórdobaSpain

Aims Relatively few studies so far have assessed how ongoing global warming will affect the photosynthetic performance of dryland plant species.We evaluated the effects of warming on the photosynthetic rates of 10 species with contrasting functional attributes,and whether their functional traits modulated photosynthetic responses to warming.Methods A common garden experiment was conducted over 2 years with distinct environmental conditions(drier vs.wetter year).the experiment was designed as a randomized block design with two treatments:warming(control vs.~2.9℃ temperature increase)and species(Agropyron cristatum,Festuca ovina,Lygeum spartum,Medicago sativa,Plantago lanceolata,Psoralea bituminosa,Sanguisorba minor,Hedysarum coronarium,Dorycnium pentaphyllum and Phlomis herba-venti).We linked functional traits measurements with temporal variations in photosynthetic responses to warming.Important Findings In the drier year,warming increased photosynthetic rates at the beginning of the growing season,suggesting a modification in the growing period(earlier spring).In the wetter year,functional traits modulated photosynthetic responses to warming.Larger species with shorter leaves(e.g.M.sativa)had higher photosynthetic rates under warming compared to smaller species with larger leaves(e.g.F.ovina).Our results highlight the importance of(i)studying photosynthetic responses along different years and(ii)considering functional traits when evaluating photosynthetic responses to climate change,particularly in stressful environments such as drylands.

关键词： photosynthesis climate change Mediterranean functional traits open top chambers

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Variation in the methods leads to variation in the interpretation of biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 431-441页

作者： Xin Jing Case M.Prager Aimée t.Classen fernando t.maestre Jin-Sheng He Nathan J.Sanders Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA Gund Institute for Environment University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA Center for Macroecology Evolutionand ClimateNatural History Museum of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark Departamento de Biología GeologíaFísica y Química InorgánicaEscuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y TecnologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstoles 28933Spain Departamento de Ecología and Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio“Ramon Margalef” Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina Environmental Program Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA Present address:Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200E3001 LeuvenBelgium

生物多样性常常和生态系统多功能性(生态系统同时提供多个生态系统功能的能力)正相关。然而,生物多样性与生态系统多功能性的关系是否依赖于生态系统功能的数目有诸多争议。其中,生物多样性对生态系统多功能性的影响或许不随生态系统功... 详细信息

生物多样性常常和生态系统多功能性(生态系统同时提供多个生态系统功能的能力)正相关。然而,生物多样性与生态系统多功能性的关系是否依赖于生态系统功能的数目有诸多争议。其中,生物多样性对生态系统多功能性的影响或许不随生态系统功能数目的变化而变化,或者随生态系统功能数目的增多而增强。我们期望通过研究不同生态系统多功能性指数的统计原理来解决这些争议。我们使用了模型模拟和一系列来自不同空间尺度(从局域到全球)和不同生物群系(温带和高寒草地、森林和干旱地)的经验数据。我们回顾了量化生态系统多功能性的三种方法,包括平均值法、加和法和阈值法。我们发现随着生态系统功能数目的增加,生物多样性与生态系统多功能性的关系要么不变,要么增强。这些结果可由平均和加和的多功能性指数的统计原理来解释。具体来讲,当利用生态系统功能的平均值计算多功能性指数时,由于多样性对多功能性的效应等于多样性对单个生态系统功能效应的平均值,所以不会随生态系统功能数目的变化而变化。同样的道理,当利用单个生态系统的加和值计算多功能性指数时,多样性的效应会随着生态系统功能数目的增加而增强。我们提出了一个改进的多功能性指数,将平均或加和多功能性指数转化为标准化的多功能性指数,以便于对不同研究的结果进行比较。此外,我们提出了基于变量数值范围的标准化方法来解决阈值法的数学假象问题(多样性效应随生态系统功能数目的增加而增强)。我们的研究结果表明,量化多功能性指数的方法不同,结果也不同。因此,有必要加深对不同方法数理基础的理解。而标准化的多功能性指数为比较不同研究中的生物多样性与生态系统多功能性的关系提供了有效的方法。

关键词：平均值法生物多样性生态系统多功能性多阈值法植物物种丰富度空间尺度

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土壤水分胁迫制约全球植被变绿和初级生产力持续增加

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Science Bulletin 2021年第14期66卷 1462-1471,M0004页

作者：冯晓明傅伯杰张园潘乃青曾振中田汉勤吕一河陈永喆 Philippe Ciais 王应平张橹程磊 fernando t.maestre Marcos Fernández-Martínez Jordi Sardans Josep Peñuelas State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China International Center for Climate and Global Change Research School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36832USA School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA CNRS UVSQGif-sur-Yvette 91191France Oceans and Atmosphere Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationAspendaleVictoria 3195Australia South China Botanic Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Land and Water Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationBlack MountainCanberraACT 2601Australia School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Departamento de Ecología and Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio“Ramon Margalef” Universidad de AlicanteAlicante 03690Spain Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB Spanish National Research CouncilCerdanyola del VallèsCatalonia 08193Spain

大尺度的研究表明全球植被光合能力和生产力自20世纪80年代以来持续增加,但是很少有研究关注到其时空异质性.本研究将全球植被绿度变化趋势分为持续变绿、由变绿转为变棕、持续变棕以及不显著变化等不同类型,发现全球植被绿度变棕区域... 详细信息

大尺度的研究表明全球植被光合能力和生产力自20世纪80年代以来持续增加,但是很少有研究关注到其时空异质性.本研究将全球植被绿度变化趋势分为持续变绿、由变绿转为变棕、持续变棕以及不显著变化等不同类型,发现全球植被绿度变棕区域持续增加.到2010年以后逐渐超过持续变绿的区域(27.8×10^(6)km^(2),26.4%),达到了39.0×10^(6)km^(2)(全球植被面积的35.9%).这一现象抵消了2010年前12.0%±3.1%(0.019±0.004 NDVI a^(-1))植被绿度增加(2010~2016,P<0.05).全球陆地生态系统初级生产力也表现为类似的变化特征.这种变化主要是由于土壤水对于植被胁迫的负向作用,在部分地区超过了温度和辐射对于植被光合的积极作用.目前地球系统模型中的相关模块并不能反映这一正在增加的植被土壤水分胁迫.研究提示随着全球升温作用进一步加强,目前的地球系统模型土地模块可能会高估全球陆地生态系统碳固持能力.

关键词：初级生产力土壤水分胁迫时空异质性陆地生态系统全球升温 ). 植被绿度系统模型

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Exploring multifaceted factors in chronic kidney disease risk: A comprehensive analysis of biochemistry, lifestyle, and inflammation in elderly Chinese individuals

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第5期12卷 1033-1035页

作者： fernando Cardona Unitat de Genètica Molecular Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia–CSICValencia 46010Spain Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid 28029Spain Departamento de Biotecnología Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural(ETSIAMN)Univeristat Politècnica de ValenciaValencia 46022Spain

this letter praises a recent article in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(Roles of biochemistry data,lifestyle,and inflammation in identifying abnormal renal function in old Chinese),examining factors affecting abnormal renal function in elderly Chinese using advanced machine learning.It highlights the importance of uric acid,age,hemoglobin,body mass index,sport hours,and systolic blood pressure.the study's holistic approach,integrating lifestyle and inflammation,offers a nuanced understanding of chronic kidney disease risk factors.the letter suggests exploring mechanistic pathways of hyperuricemia,the link between anemia and renal function,and the connection between body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate.It advocates investigating physical activity's impact on renal health and the independent effects of blood pressure.the study significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease understanding,proposing avenues for further exploration and interventions.Commendations are extended to the authors and the journal.

关键词： Biochemistry data Lifestyle Machine learning Renal function

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Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.t.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. these symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

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Novel insights into D-Pinitol based therapies:a link between tau hyperphosphorylation and insulin resistance

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 289-295页

作者： Dina Medina-Vera Antonio Jesús López-Gambero Juan Antonio Navarro Carlos Sanjuan Elena Baixeras Juan Decara fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND UGC Salud MentalMálagaSpain Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de MálagaMálagaSpain CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares(CIBERCV) Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaUGC del CorazónMálagaSpain University of Bordeaux INSERMNeurocentre MagendieBordeauxFrance Euronutra S.L.Calle Johannes Kepler MálagaSpain Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein.Among the multiple causes of tau hyperphosphorylation,brain insulin resistance has generated much attention,and inositols as insulin sensitizers,are currently considered candidates for drug development.the present narrative review revises the interactions between these three elements:Alzheimer’s disease-tau-inositols,which can eventually identify targets for new disease modifiers capable of bringing hope to the millions of people affected by this devastating disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease cyclin-dependent kinase 5 diabetes D-Pinitol inositols insulin resistance kinases phosphorylation PI3K/Akt tau

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