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Purification of Produced Water from a Sour Oilfield in South Kuwait. 2. Oil-Water Separation and Crystallization of Calcium Carbonate

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第7期16卷 467-488页

作者： feras.al salem Najood almansoori Hanifa alBalooshi Nouf alshehhi Maitha almheiri Vijo Poulose Thies Thiemann Department of Biology United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates Department of Chemistry United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates

Oil-water separation for produced water (PW) originating from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was carried out using bleached, esterified cellulosic material from used coffee grounds. Thereafter, earth-alkaline metal ions, specifically calcium ions, of the de-oiled PW were removed by precipitation with sodium carbonate to give access to pure sodium chloride as industrial salt from the remaining PW. While the purity of the precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) depends on the precipitation conditions, CaCO3 of up to 95.48% purity can be obtained, which makes it a salable product. The precipitation of CaCO3 decreases the amount of calcium ions in PW from 11,300 ppm to 84 ppm.

关键词： Produced Water Oil and Gas Bleached Biomass Adsorption Filtration Crystallization of Calcium Chloride

Purification of Produced Water from a Sour Oilfield in South Kuwait. 1. Oil-Water Separation and Industrial Salt Production

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 156-180页

作者： feras.al salem Hessa al Shamsi Mariam Mohammed Abdulla alaryani Basmalah Abdelazim Mohamed Khalaf Omnia Elsheikh Vijo Poulose Yosef al Jasem Thies Thiemann Department of Biology United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates Department of Chemistry United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates Department of Process & Design Engineering Solid Mechanical Equipment Co Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Produced water from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was sampled after primary oil – water separation had been carried out. The produced water was filtered through a mixture of activated charcoal and esterified cellulosic material gained from spent coffee grounds as a tertiary adsorption treatment. The earth-alkaline metal ions and heavy metals were separated from the de-oiled produced water by addition of either sodium or potassium hydroxide in the presence of carbon dioxide or by direct addition of solid sodium carbonate. The resulting filtrate gave salt of industrial purity upon selective crystallization on evaporation.

关键词： Produced Water Oil and Gas Adsorption Filtration Crystallization

Pros and cons of live kidney donation in prediabetics: A critical review and way forward

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 12-31页

作者： Muhammad Abdul Mabood Khalil Nihal Mohammed Sadagah Jackson Tan Furrukh Omair Syed Vui Heng Chong salem H al-Qurashi Center of Renal Diseases and Transplantation King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital JeddahJeddah 23311Saudi Arabia Department of Nephrology RIPAS Hospital Brunei DarussalamBrunei Muara BA1710Brunei Darussalam Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineRaja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha HospitalBandar Seri Begawan BA1710Brunei Darussalam

There is shortage of organs,including kidneys,*** with deceased kidney transplantation,there is a significant rise in live kidney *** prevalence of prediabetes(PD),including impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance,is on the rise across the *** teams frequently come across prediabetic kidney donors for *** are at risk of diabetes,chronic kidney disease,cardiovascular events,stroke,neuropathy,retinopathy,dementia,depression and nonalcoholic liver disease along with increased risk of all-cause ***,most of the studies done in prediabetic kidney donors are retrospective in nature and have a short follow up *** is lack of prospective long-term studies to know about the real risk of complications after ***,there are variations in recommendations from various guidelines across the globe for donations in prediabetics,leading to more confusion among *** increases the responsibility of transplant teams to take appropriate decisions in the best interest of both donors and *** review focuses on pathophysiological changes of PD in kidneys,potential complications of PD,other risk factors for development of type 2 diabetes,a review of guidelines for kidney donation,the potential role of diabetes risk score and calculator in kidney donors and the way forward for the evaluation and selection of prediabetic kidney donors.

关键词： Live kidney donation Prediabetes Impaired fasting glucose Impaired glucose tolerance Review

Single image super-resolution:a comprehensive review and recent insight

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第1期18卷 139-156页

作者： Hanadi al-MEKHLAFI Shiguang LIU College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

Super-resolution(SR)is a long-standing problem in image processing and computer vision and has attracted great attention from researchers over the *** main concept of SR is to reconstruct images from low-resolution(LR)to high-resolution(HR).It is an ongoing process in image technology,through up-sampling,de-blurring,and *** neural network(CNN)has been widely used to enhance the resolution of images in recent *** alternative methods use deep learning to improve the progress of image super-resolution based on ***,we review the recent findings of single image super-resolution using deep learning with an emphasis on distillation knowledge used to enhance image super-resolution.,it is also to highlight the potential applications of image super-resolution in security monitoring,medical diagnosis,microscopy image processing,satellite remote sensing,communication transmission,the digital multimedia industry and video ***,we present the challenges and assess future trends in super-resolution based on deep learning.

关键词： super-resolution deep learning single-image interpolation-based learning-based reconstruction-based

RoGRUT: A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Detecting Power Trapping in Smart Grids

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3175-3192页

作者： Farah Mohammad Saad al-Ahmadi Jalal al-Muhtadi Center of Excellence in Information Assurance(CoEIA) King Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia College of Computer&Information Sciences King Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia

Electricity theft is a widespread non-technical issue that has a negative impact on both power grids and electricity *** hinders the economic growth of utility companies,poses electrical risks,and impacts the high energy costs borne by *** development of smart grids is crucial for the identification of power theft since these systems create enormous amounts of data,including information on client consumption,which may be used to identify electricity theft using machine learning and deep learning ***,there also exist different solutions such as hardware-based solutions to detect electricity theft that may require human resources and expensive ***-based solutions are presented in the literature to identify electricity theft but due to the dimensionality curse,class imbalance issue and improper hyper-parameter tuning of such models lead to poor *** this research,a hybrid deep learning model abbreviated as RoGRUT is proposed to detect electricity theft as amalicious and non-malicious *** key steps of the RoGRUT are data preprocessing that covers the problem of class imbalance,feature extraction and final theft *** advanced-level models like RoBERTa is used to address the curse of dimensionality issue,the near miss for class imbalance,and transfer learning for *** effectiveness of the RoGRUTis evaluated using the dataset fromactual smartmeters.A significant number of simulations demonstrate that,when compared to its competitors,the RoGRUT achieves the best classification *** performance evaluation of the proposed model revealed exemplary results across *** accuracy achieved was 88%,with precision at an impressive 86%and recall reaching 84%.The F1-Score,a measure of overall performance,stood at 85%.Furthermore,themodel exhibited a noteworthyMatthew correlation coefficient of 78%and excelled with an area under the curve of 91%.

关键词： Electricity theft smart grid RoBERTa GRU transfer learning

Developing a Model for Parkinson’s Disease Detection Using Machine Learning algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4945-4962页

作者： Naif al Mudawi Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a chronic neurological condition that progresses over *** start to have trouble speaking,writing,walking,or performing other basic skills as dopamine-generating neurons in some brain regions are injured or *** patient’s symptoms become more severe due to the worsening of their signs over *** this study,we applied state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms to diagnose Parkinson’s disease and identify related risk *** research worked on the publicly available dataset on PD,and the dataset consists of a set of significant characteristics of *** aim to apply soft computing techniques and provide an effective solution for medical professionals to diagnose PD *** research methodology involves developing a model using a machine learning *** the model selection,eight different machine learning techniques were adopted:Namely,Random Forest(RF),Decision Tree(DT),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Naïve Bayes(NB),Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM),K-Nearest Neighbours(KNN),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Logistic Regression(LR).Subsequently,the concentrated models were validated through 10-fold Cross-Validation and Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)—Area Under the Curve(AUC).In addition,GridSearchCV was utilised to measure each algorithm’s best parameter;eventually,the models were trained through the hyperparameter tuning *** 98%accuracy,LightGBM had the highest accuracy in this ***,KNN,and SVM came in second with 96%***,the performance scores of NB and LR were recorded to be 76%and 83%,*** is to be mentioned that after applying 10-fold cross-validation,the average performance score of LightGBM accounted for 93%.At the same time,the percentage of ROC-AUC appeared at 0.92,which indicates that this LightGBM model reached a satisfactory ***,we extracted meaningful insights and figured out potential gaps on top of *** extracting meaningful in

关键词： Light GBM cross-validation ROC-AUC Parkinson’s disease(PD) SVM and XGBoost

The optimal semi-analytical modeling for the infinite-conductivity horizontal well performance under rectangular bounded reservoir based on a new instantaneous source function

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 68-84页

作者： Firas A.A.al-Kabbawi Independent scholar Livingston Scotland UNITED KINGDOM

The main objective of this study is to develop the optimal semi-analytical modeling for the infiniteconductivity horizontal well performance under rectangular bounded reservoir based on a new instantaneous source function. The available semi-analytical infinite-conductivity models（ICMs） for horizontal well under rectangular bounded reservoir in literature were developed by applying superposition of pressures in space（SPS）. A new instantaneous source function（i.e., instantaneous uniform-flux segmentary source function under bounded reservoir） is derived to be used instead of SPS to develop the optimal semi-analytical *** new semi-analytical ICM is verified with ICM of Schlumberger [1] and with previous semi-analytical ICMs in terms of bottom hole pressure（BHP） profile and inflow rate distribution along the wellbore. The model is also validated with real horizontal wells in terms of inflow rate distribution along the wellbore. The results show that the developed model gives the optimal semi-analytical modeling for the infinite-conductivity horizontal well performance under rectangular bounded reservoir. Besides that, high computationalefficiency and high-resolution of wellbore discretization have been achieved（i.e., wellbore segment number could be tens of hundreds depending on solution requirement）. The results also show that at pseudosteady state（PSS） flow regime, inflow rate distribution along the wellbore by previous semi-analytical ICMs is stabilized U-shaped as performance of inflow rate distribution at late radial flow regime. Therefore, the previous semi-analytical ICMs are incorrectly modeling inflow rate distribution at PSS flow regime due to the negative influence of applying SPS. The optimal semi-analytical ICM is in a general form and real time domain,and can be applicable for 3D horizontal well and 2D vertical fracture well under infinite and rectangular bounded reservoirs, of uniform-flux and infinite-conductivity wellbore conditions at any time of

关键词： Infinite-conductivity model Horizontal well performance Semi-analytical modeling Rectangular bounded reservoir Instantaneous source functions Flow regimes

Degradation pathways of amino acids during thermal utilization of biomass: a review

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 67-95页

作者： Mubarak al-Kwradi Mohammednoor altarawneh Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering United Arab Emirates UniversityAl-Ain 15551United Arab Emirates

Amino acids are important nitrogen carriers in biomass and entail a broad spectrum of industrial uses,most notably as food additives,pharmaceutical ingredients,and raw materials for bio-based *** detailed information in regard to the fragmentation of amino acids is essential to comprehend the nitrogen transformation chemistry at conditions encountered during hydrothermal and pyrolytic degradation of *** underlying aim of this review is to survey literature studies pertinent to the complex structures of amino acids,their formation yields from various categories of biomass,and their fragmentation routes at elevated temperatures and in the aqueous *** predominant degradation reactions ensue in the decomposition of amino acids,namely deamination and ***,minor differences in structure can greatly affect the fate for each amino ***,amino acids,being nitrogen-rich compounds,play pivotal roles across various *** is a growing interest in producing varied types and configurations of amino *** fermentation appears to a viable approach to produce amino acids at an industrial *** innovative method under investigation is catalytic synthesis using renewable biomass as *** a method taps into the inherent nitrogen in biomass sources like chitin and proteins,eliminating the need for external nitrogen *** environmentally friendly approach is in line with green chemistry principles and has been gathering momentum in the scientific community.

关键词： amino acids pyrolysis biomass nitrogen mechanisms bioenergy

Investigating and predicting the role of photovoltaic, wind, and hydrogen energies in sustainable global energy evolution

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第4期7卷 429-445页

作者： Mahmood Swadi Dheyaa Jasim Kadhim Mohamed salem Firas Mohammed Tuaimah Ammar SabriMajeed ali Jawad alrubaie Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of BaghdadBaghdad 10001Iraq Libyan Authority for Scientific Research Tripoli 80045Libya School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM)Nibong Tebal 14300PenangMalaysia Continuing Education Center University of BaghdadBaghdad 10001Iraq al-Furat al-Awsat Technical University AL-Mussaib Technical CollegeBabylonIraq

The global shift toward next-generation energy systems is propelled by the urgent need to combat climate change and the dwindling supply of fossil *** review explores the intricate challenges and opportunities for transitioning to sustainable renewable energy sources such as solar,wind,and *** transition economically challenges traditional energy sectors while fostering new industries,promoting job growth,and sustainable economic *** transition to renewable energy demands social equity,ensuring universal access to affordable energy,and considering community *** environmental benefits include a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a lesser ecological *** study highlights the rapid growth of the global wind power market,which is projected to increase from$112.23 billion in 2022 to$278.43 billion by 2030,with a compound annual growth rate of 13.67%.In addition,the demand for hydrogen is expected to increase,significantly impacting the market with potential cost reductions and making it a critical renewable energy source owing to its affordability and zero *** 2028,renewables are predicted to account for 42%of global electricity generation,with significant contributions from wind and solar photovoltaic(PV)technology,particularly in China,the European Union,the United States,and *** developments signify a global commitment to diversifying energy sources,reducing emissions,and moving toward cleaner and more sustainable energy *** review offers stakeholders the insights required to smoothly transition to sustainable energy,setting the stage for a resilient future.

关键词： Next energy Renewable energy Sustainability Environmental benefits Economic opportunities