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A review of environmental characteristics and effects of low-molecular weight organic acids in the surface ecosystem

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第5期26卷 935-954页

作者： Min Xiao Fengchang Wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Low molecular weight organic acids （LMWOAs） are prevalent on the earth＇s surface. They are vital intermediate products during metabolic pathways of organic matter and participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle during life activities. Photochemical reactions are pivotal for LMWOAs＇ origination and play a large role in determining their diversity and their ultimate fate. Within the long time that organic matter is preserved in sediments, it can be decomposed and converted to release organic and inorganic pollutants as well as C, N, and P nutrients, which are of potential ecological risk in causing secondary pollution to lake water. The sediment pool is a comprehensive and complex compartment closely associated with overlying water by various biochemical processes, during which LMWOAs play critical roles to transport and transform elements. This article elucidates geochemical behaviors of LMWOAs in the surface environment in details, taking natural water, soil, and aerosol as examples, focusing on reviewing research developments on sources and characteristics, migration and mineralization of LMWOAs and relevant environmental effects. Simultaneously, this review article depicts the categories and contents of LMWOAs or their contribution to DOC in environmental media, and evaluates their importance during organic matter early diagenesis. Through concluding and discussing the conversion mechanisms and influencing factors, the next research orientations on LMWOAs in lake ecosystems are determined, mainly concerning relationships with hydrochemical parameters and microorganisms, and interactions with pollutants. This will enrich the knowledge on organic matter degradation and related environmental effects, and help reconstruct a theoretical framework for organic compound succession and influencing factors, providing basic data for lake eutrophication and ecological risk assessment, conducive to better control over water pollution and proper management of water quality.

关键词： low molecular weight organic acids conversion mechanism pollutants environmental effects ecological risk management of water quality

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Dissolved black carbon concentrations in suspended particulate matter from the Bohai Sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第5期66卷 1031-1037页

作者： Chongtai CHEN Yin FANG Yingjun CHEN Tian LIN Fengchang Wu College of Marine Ecology and Environment Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Benchmarking and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing100012China

Dissolved black carbon(DBC)includes the water-soluble component of black carbon and/or its degradation products.It is a hydrophobic organic compound due to its thick cyclic aromatic structure and can therefore be present as particulate DBC(PDBC)on suspended particulate matter or particulate organic matter.PDBC is not equivalent to particulate black carbon(PBC)and is thus often overlooked when researchers measure PBC in particulate matter using current conventional methods.Consequently,the amount of DBC in nature is likely underestimated in many studies and the reliability of current findings on the geochemical behavior of DBC is subject to challenge.In this study,we attempted to draw the solid-liquid partition coefficient(K_(d),PDBC/DBC)based on detailed data on PBC,DBC,particulate organic carbon,total suspended solids,dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface waters of the Bohai Sea.The obtained K_(d)was in the range of 0.018-0.072.Accordingly,the concentrations of PDBC were 1.637-6.449μg C L^(-1).The estimated inventory of PDBC on suspended particulate matter in the Bohai Sea was 2.049-8.194 Gg,which was lower than that of PBC(15.16 Gg)but of the same order of magnitude.These results indicate that PDBC is an important form of DBC in the Bohai Sea.Quantitative results of DBC fluxes between the dissolved and particulate phases will benefit our understanding of DBC transport and fates in the ocean.

关键词： PDBC DBC Solid-liquid partition coefficient(K_d) Flux Bohai Sea

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Phosphorus speciation in surface sediments of a hypertrophic lake,Southwestern China:insights from fractionation and ^(31)P NMR

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2015年第2期34卷 167-176页

作者： Runyu Zhang Liying Wang Fengchang Wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Phosphorus(P) species in surface sediments from a shallow,hypertrophic lake,Lake Dianchi,China,were investigated by P fractionation and ^(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy during a regional algal bloom.In addition,their potential contributions to the overlying water were also evaluated.Labile fractions of P extracted by NH_4C1,bicarbonate dithionite and NaOH ranged from 340.6 to 1,725.8 mg kg^(-1),accounting for20.5%-67.2%of the total P.A two-step extraction method refinement of P recovery was performed before the^(31)P NMR analysis.Recovery rates of sedimentary TP and organic P,by combining EDTA pretreatment and NaOH or mixed reagents,ranged from 31.8%to 69.3%and from19.8%to 51.7%.^(31)P NMR results showed that ortho-P and monoester-P were the most abundant P components in the sediment extractable P of sediments,followed by diester-P and pyro-P.Spatial distribution of the sum of ortho-P,diester-P and pyro-P detected by P NMR corresponded well with the labile P concentration determined by fractionation.Both exhibited a significant positive correlation with the total P in the water column,suggesting that internal loading may be an important source of P for the lake ecosystem.Biogenic P other than ortho-P may contribute to phytoplankton growth,with the relative proportion being 4.4%-18.7%.The release of labile P fractions fueled algal bloom,and the decay of organic matter,following the bloom events,consumed oxygen and elevated the pH value.This co-dependence might lead to a vicious cycle.Transformation mechanisms of various P species remain ambiguous and are worthy of further investigation.

关键词：表层沉积物 NMR分析中国西南地区湖泊生态系统磷形态分馏肥大连二亚硫酸钠

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Phosphorus speciation in the sediment profile of Lake Erhai, southwestern China: Fractionation and ^(31)P NMR

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第6期25卷 1124-1130页

作者： Runyu Zhang Liying Wang Fengchang Wu Baoan Song State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education

The distribution characteristics of phosphorus （P） forms in the sediment profile of Lake Erhai, in southwestern China has been investigated by sequential extraction and 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （NMR） of NaOH extracts to understand P dynamics and its potential contribution to lake eutrophication. Contents of P fractions varied in the order of NH4C1 extracted P （NH4C1- P）〈 bicarbonate-dithionite extracted P （BD-P）〈 HC1-P, Residual-P 〈 NaOH extracted P （NaOH-P）. The highly available NH4C1-P represented less than 1% of total P （TP）. BD-P and NaOH extracted reactive P （NaOH-rP） averaged 39%, while the ratio of Fe/P was higher than 15, indicating low P release from the sediments under permanent oxic condition. The less bio-available HC1-P, NaOH extracted nonreactive P （NaOH-nrP） and residual-P contributed 61% of TP. Regression analysis revealed that BD-P, NaOH-rP and HC1-P were positively correlated with the contents of Fe and Mn, A1 and Fe, and Ca, respectively. The investigation of P compound groups in NaOH extracts by 31p NMR showed that ortho-P and monoester-P were the largest two constituents of the P pool, followed by diester-P, phosphonate and pyro-P. A comparison of vertical variations of P groups in the sediment profile suggested that these compounds were involved in the P recycling to different extents in Lake Erhai. In particular, the lake exhibits high potential for labile P release from the surface sediments, which should be taken into consideration even after the outsourced P runoff ceased.

关键词： phosphorus speciation fractionation 31p NMR sediment eutrophication

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2021首届环境与生态系统工程发展论坛:知播专访吴丰昌

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环境工程 2021年第9期39卷 217-218页

作者：吴丰昌穆云松中国工程院中国环境科学研究院《环境工程》中国人民大学

在"十四五"蓝图徐徐展开之初,在国家污染防治攻坚战阶段性任务目标圆满完成、生态环境质量持续好转之机,"2021首届环境与生态系统工程发展论坛"于9月3—5日在内蒙古包头市顺利举行。本次论坛由《环境工程》编审委员会策划组织,旨在更好... 详细信息

在"十四五"蓝图徐徐展开之初,在国家污染防治攻坚战阶段性任务目标圆满完成、生态环境质量持续好转之机,"2021首届环境与生态系统工程发展论坛"于9月3—5日在内蒙古包头市顺利举行。本次论坛由《环境工程》编审委员会策划组织,旨在更好地应对当前生态环境保护的新机遇和新挑战,推动我国生态文明建设行稳致远。本期的"知播·云上星光:科学家访谈"内容围绕吴丰昌院士的主旨报告"环境地球科学学科发展战略初步思考"展开,畅谈论坛主题,寄语期刊发展。访谈由论坛组委会委员、中国人民大学副教授穆云松主持。

关键词：编审委员会生态环境保护中国人民大学系统工程环境工程内蒙古包头市学科发展战略污染防治

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Adsorption of Ca2+on single layer graphene oxide

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 8-14页

作者： Amalia Terracciano Jianfeng Zhang Christos Christodoulatos Fengchang Wu Xiaoguang Meng Center for Envronmental Systems Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Graphene oxide（GO） holds great promise for a broad array of applications in many fields,but also poses serious potential risks to human health and the environment.In this study,the adsorptive properties of GO toward Ca^（2＋） and Na＋were investigated using batch adsorption experiments,zeta potential measurements,and spectroscopic analysis.When pH increased from 4 to 9,Ca^（2＋）adsorption by GO and the zeta potential of GO increased significantly.Raman spectra suggest that Ca^（2＋）was strongly adsorbed on the GO via –COO Ca~＋ formation.On the other hand,Na＋was adsorbed into the electrical diffuse layer as an inert counterion to increase the diffuse layer zeta potential.While the GO suspension became unstable with increasing pH from 4 to 10 in the presence of Ca^（2＋）,it was more stable at higher pH in the NaC l solution.The findings of this research provide insights in the adsorption of Ca^（2＋）on GO and fundamental basis for prediction of its effect on the colloidal stability of GO in the environment.

关键词： Graphene oxide Calcium adsorption Raman spectra Colloidal stability

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Development of methods for establishing nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs: A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 54-66页

作者： Shouliang Huo Chunzi Ma Beidou Xi Yali Zhang Fengchang Wu Hongliang Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Nutrient criteria provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive evaluation, prevention,control and management of water eutrophication. In this review, the literature was examined to systematically evaluate the benefits, drawbacks, and applications of statistical analysis,paleolimnological reconstruction, stressor-response model, and model inference approaches for nutrient criteria determination. The developments and challenges in the determination of nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs are presented. Reference lakes can reflect the original states of lakes, but reference sites are often unavailable. Using the paleolimnological reconstruction method, it is often difficult to reconstruct the historical nutrient conditions of shallow lakes in which the sediments are easily disturbed. The model inference approach requires sufficient data to identify the appropriate equations and characterize a waterbody or group of waterbodies, thereby increasing the difficulty of establishing nutrient criteria. The stressor-response model is a potential development direction for nutrient criteria determination, and the mechanisms of stressor-response models should be studied further. Based on studies of the relationships among water ecological criteria, eutrophication, nutrient criteria and plankton, methods for determining nutrient criteria should be closely integrated with water management requirements.

关键词： Nutrient criteria Statistical analysis approach Paleolimnological reconstructionapproach Stressor-response model Model inference approach

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Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban soils from southwest China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 410-418页

作者： Guanghui Guo Fengchang Wu Fazhi Xie Ruiqing Zhang Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Graduate university of the Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and RiskAssessment Chinese Research Academy of Environment SciencesBeijing 100012China CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals, and to assess soil environmental quality, 63 soil samples were collected in Yibin City, Sichuan Province, China. Mean concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, and Cu were 10.55, 61.23, 138.88 and 56.35 mg/kg, respectively. As concentrations were comparable to background values, while Pb, Zn, and Cu concentrations were higher than their corresponding background values. Industrial areas exhibited the highest concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, and Cu, while the lowest concentrations occurred in parks. Statistical analysis was performed and two cluster groups of metals were identified with Pb, Zn, and Cu in one group and As in the other. Spatial distribution maps indicated that Pb, Zn, and Cu were mainly controlled by anthropogenic activities, whereas As could be mainly accounted for by soil parent materials. Pollution index values of As, Pb, Zn, and Cu varied in the range of 0.24-1.93, 0.66-7.24, 0.42-4.19, and 0.62-5.25, with mean values of 0.86, 1.98, 1.61, and 1.78, respectively. The integrated pollution index （IPI） values of these metals varied from 0.82 to 3.54, with a mean of 1.6 and more than 90% of soil samples were moderately or highly contaminated with heavy metals. The spatial distribution of IPI showed that newer urban areas displayed relatively lower heavy metal contamination in comparison with older urban areas.

关键词： urban soils heavy metals pollution assessment spatial distribution

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Several major issues concerning the environmental transmission and risk prevention of SARS-CoV-2

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第6期65卷 1047-1056页

作者： Jin MA Jian XU Xiaoli ZHAO Shouliang HUO Xiaoli DUAN Yunsong MU Ying WANG Yuan WEI Jiang CHANG Xiaowei JIN Fengchang Wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Environment and Nature Resource Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China China National Environmental Monitoring Centre Beijing 100012China

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is the most serious infectious disease pandemic in the world in a century, and has had a serious impact on the health, safety, and social and economic development of all mankind. Since the earth entered the“Anthropocene”, human activities have become the most important driving force of the evolution of the earth system. At the same time, the epidemic frequency of major human infectious diseases worldwide has been increasing, with more than 70% of novel diseases having zoonotic origins. The review of several major epidemics in human history shows that there is a common rule, i.e., changes in the natural environment have an important and profound impact on the occurrence and development of epidemics. Therefore, the impact of the natural environment on the current COVID-19 pandemic and its mechanisms have become scientific issues that need to be resolved urgently. From the perspective of the natural environment, this study systematically investigated several major issues concerning the environmental transmission and risk prevention of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). From a macroscopic temporal and spatial scale, the research focus on understand the impact of the destruction of the natural environment and global changes on the outbreak of infectious diseases;the threat of zoonotic diseases to human health;the regularity for virus diffusion, migration and mutation in environmental media;the mechanisms of virus transmission from animals and environmental media to humans;and environmental safety, secondary risk prevention and control of major epidemics. Suggestions were made for future key research directions and issues that need attention, with a view to providing a reference for the prevention and control of the global coronavirus disease 2019, and to improving the ability of response to major public health emergencies.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Environmental transmission Risk prevention Zoonotic diseases Ecological security

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Investigation of low-molecular weight organic acids and their spatiotemporal variation characteristics in Hongfeng Lake,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第2期25卷 237-245页

作者： Min Xiao Fengchang Wu Liying Wang Xinqing Li Rongsheng Huang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

The identities and concentrations of low-molecular-weight organic acids （LMWOAs） were determined by ion chromatography throughout a 20-m water column in Hongfeng Lake, China. The spatiotemporal variations of LMWOAs and their contributions to dissolved organic matter （DOM） in a research period of 24 hr were also investigated. The results demonstrated that five LMWOAs （lactic, acetic, pyruvic, sorbic, oxalic acid） were detected, and their total concentration and proportion in DOC were 6.55 μmol/L and 7.47%. Their average levels were 2.50, 0.65, 2.35, 0.96 and 0.09 μmol/L, respectively. LMWOAs were higher during daytime （10：00-18：00 on Jun 13, 2008） than nighttime （21：00-6：00 the next morning）, in particular 4.99 μmol/L high in the epilimnion （ 1 m water depth）, reflecting the fact that direct import from terrigenous sources and photochemical production from humic materials were dominant during LMWOAs＇ origin and accumulation. The same factors caused LMWOAs to be 0.63 μmol/L in the epilimnion higher than in the hypolimnion. The rapid decrease of total organic acid （TOA） up until 18：00 mainly resulted from bio-uptake and mineralization in the hypolimnion （〉1 m water depth）. Pyruvic acid increased with time in the epilimnion and decreased in the hypolimnion, largely related to the two contrary processes of continuous degradation and synthesis of macromolecular organic matter during life materials＇ cycle mediated by organisms. Simultaneously, plankton behavior and thermal stratification played a pivotal role in LMWOAs＇ behavior in the water column, causing decreasing and increasing profiles. The distribution of LMWOAs represents an interesting resource for biogeochemical research of DOM in aquatic ecosystems.

关键词： Hongfeng Lake low-molecular-weight organic acids photochemical production spatiotemporal variations thermal stratification

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