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Review of chinese atmospheric science research over the past 70 years: Atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment

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Science China Earth sciences 2019年第12期62卷 1903-1945页

作者： Tijian WANG Taichang GAO Hongsheng ZHANG Maofa GE Hengchi LEI Peichang ZHANG Peng ZHANG Chunsong lu Chao LIU Hua ZHANG Qiang ZHANG Hong LIAO Haidong KAN Zhaozhong {1. Yijun ZHANG Xiushu QIE Xuhui cai Mengmeng LI Lei LIU Shengrui TONG School of Atmospheric sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyNanjing 211101China department of Atmospheric and Oceanic {1. School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China institute of {1. Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China department of Environmental Health School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China department of Atmospheric and Oceanic {1. Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China department of Environmental Science College of Environmental Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago,the subject of atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment has developed rapidly in China,providing important support for the development of atmospheric science and guarantee for the development of national *** this paper,the general advancement of atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment in last 70 years was *** main research progress of atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment in the past 40 years of reform and opening-up was reviewed,the outstanding research achievements since the 21.st century were summarized,the major problems and challenges are pointed out,and the key directions and suggestions for future development are put forward.

关键词： Atmospheric physics Atmospheric environment Atmospheric sounding Atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric remote sensing

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Microstructure and properties of 3D-printed alumina ceramics with different heating rates in vacuum debinding

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Rare Metals 2020年第5期39卷 577-588页

作者： He Li Yong-Sheng Liu Yan-Song Liu Qing-feng Zeng Ke-Hui Hu Jing-Jing Liang Zhi-Gang {1. Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China NPU-SAS Joint Research Center of Advanced Ceramics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Tribology tsinghua {1. Beijing 100084China institute of Metal Research {1. academy of sciences Shenyang 110016China

The effect of heating rates during vacuum debinding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina ceramics are discussed in this *** threedimensional(3D)-printed alumina ceramics examined in this study were found to have a layered structure,and interlayer spacing increased as the heating rate increased The pore diameter,shrinkage,flexural strength and hardness were found to decrease as the heating rate increased due to weak interfacial bonding between alumina particles Shrinkage was found to be much larger along the Z direction than along the X or Y directions due to the layer-bylayer forming mode during 3D printing.0.5°C·min-1.s considered the optimum heating rate,yielding ceramics with interlayer spacing of 0.65 lm,shrinkage of 2.6%2.3%and 4.0%along the X,Y and Z directions,respectively,flexural strength of 27.5 MPa,hardness of29.8 GPa,Vickers hardness of HV 266.5,pore diameter of356.8 nm,bulk density of 2.5 g·cm-3,and open porosity of38.4%.The debinding procedure used in this study could be used to produce a high-quality ceramic which can be used for fabricating alumina ceramic cores.

关键词： Heating rate Vacuum debinding Alumina ceramics Three-dimensional(3D)printing Stereolithography

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Flavonoids from the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis and their in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity

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chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2023年第1期21卷 65-80页

作者： LI Zhuo XIE Hang TANG Chunping feng {1. KE Changqiang XU Yechun SU Haixia YAO Sheng YE Yang School of chinese Materia Medica Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Natural Products Chemistry DepartmentShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Drug Discovery and Design Center CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina

Acute respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)had caused a global pandemic since 201.,and posed a serious threat to global health *** chinese medicine(TCM)has played an indispensable role in the battle against the *** components originated from TCMs were found to inhibit the production of SARS-CoV-23C-like protease(3CLpro)and papain-like protease(PLpro),which are two promising therapeutic targets to inhibit *** study describes a systematic investigation of the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis,which results in the characterization of 1. new flavonoids,inc{1.ding seven prenylated flavanones(1.7),one prenylated flavonol(8),two prenylated chalcones(9−1.),one isoflavanone(1.),and one isoflavan dimer(1.),together with 43 known compounds(1.−55).Their structures inc{1.ding the abso{1.te configurations were e{1.cidated by comprehensive analysis of MS,1. and 2D NMR data,and time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism(TDDFT ECD)*** 1. and 51.exhibited inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-23CLpro with IC_(50) va{1.es of 34.89 and 1..88μmol·L^(−1.,repectively while compounds 9,43 and 47 exhibited inhibitory effects against PLpro with IC_(50) va{1.es of 32.67,79.38,and 1..74μmol·L^(−1.,respectively.

关键词： Sophora tonkinensis Flavonoid Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity SARS-CoV-23CLpro SARS-CoV-2 PLpro

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NIM-Sr2锶原子光晶格钟物理系统研究

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仪器仪表学报 2024年第2期45卷 87-94页

作者：卢炳坤廖堂银杨涛林弋戈方占军中国计量科学研究院时间频率计量科学研究所北京100029 清华大学精密仪器系北京100084 国家市场监管重点实验室(时间频率与重力计量基准) 北京100029

锶原子光晶格钟在基础物理研究和时间频率精密测量领域中占有重要的地位。中国计量科学研究院在第1.锶原子光晶格钟NIM-Sr1.基础上,开展了进一步提升光钟性能的研究,研制出了第2套锶原子光晶格钟NIM-Sr2。NIM-Sr2的物理系统在量子参... 详细信息

锶原子光晶格钟在基础物理研究和时间频率精密测量领域中占有重要的地位。中国计量科学研究院在第1.锶原子光晶格钟NIM-Sr1.基础上,开展了进一步提升光钟性能的研究,研制出了第2套锶原子光晶格钟NIM-Sr2。NIM-Sr2的物理系统在量子参考体系制备、钟激光探寻及系统频移评估等方面进行了重新设计。在原子炉和磁光阱之间新增真空差分结构,使原子炉的运行对磁光阱区域真空压力的影响降低到1.1.^(-8) Pa;将塞曼减速器中的通电线圈替换为永磁铁,优化了水冷反亥姆霍兹线圈的缠绕方式,并向外延伸塞曼减速器通光窗口,把磁光阱区域环境温度的不均匀性降低到了0.1.6 K。系统频移评估表明,这些物理系统的改进显著减小了NIM-Sr2的系统频移不确定度,达到了7.2×1.^(-1.)。

关键词：光钟光晶格系统频移评估物理系统

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Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Asymmetric Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor by Expanding Pyrrole to Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole

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chinese Journal of {1. 2022年第24期40卷 2861-2866页

作者： Zemin Wang Guilong cai Peiyao Xue Zesheng Liu Boyu Jia Nan Li Jiayu Wang Xinhui {1. Yuze Lin Guojie Wang Xiaowei Zhan School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083 China Key Laboratory of Polymer chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871 China department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongNew Territories999077 Hong KongChina chinese {1. of sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryBeijing100190 China

We propose a strategy to improve performance of unidirectionally extended fused-ring electron acceptors by using pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole to replace pyrrole ring, and design two asymmetric nonfullerene acceptors 1.IC and 2PIC. Replacing pyrrole in 1.IC with pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole remarkably red-shifts absorption peak by 1.9 nm, elevates the HOMO and luMO energy levels, and improves electron mobility. The photovoltaic devices based on blend of PM6 donor and 2PIC acceptor exhibit power conversion efficiency as high as 1..6%, which is much higher than that of PM6:1.IC (3.53%), due to more efficient exciton generation and dissociation, faster and more balanced carrier transport and less charge recombination.

关键词： Energy conversion Fused-ring electron acceptor Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Asymmetric synthesis Semiconductors

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La^(3+)-Zn^(2+)-Al^(3+)-CO_3^(2-)-LDHs的制备及其对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附研究

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硅酸盐通报 2018年第7期37卷 2184-2190页

作者：高立国刘四霞宋小利高雄雄李婉璐马向荣榆林学院化学与化工学院榆林719000 清华大学化学系北京100084

利用尿素作为有效沉淀剂,采取均相沉淀法制备了La^(3+)-Zn^(2+)-Al^(3+)-CO_3^(2-)-LDHs,其比例为La∶Zn∶Al=1.6∶2。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)及扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的材料性质进行了表征分析。用制备的类水滑石对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水进行了吸附... 详细信息

利用尿素作为有效沉淀剂,采取均相沉淀法制备了La^(3+)-Zn^(2+)-Al^(3+)-CO_3^(2-)-LDHs,其比例为La∶Zn∶Al=1.6∶2。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)及扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的材料性质进行了表征分析。用制备的类水滑石对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水进行了吸附处理,并且运用响应曲面法研究了温度、时间、吸附剂用量对清除率的影响。实验表明当吸附时间为1.1.时,吸附温度为42.25℃,吸附剂用量为0.08 g时,Cr(Ⅵ)的清除率达到最大值74.31.。最后通过实验证实吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,吸附过程为自发吸热过程。

关键词：均相沉淀法类水滑石清除率等温吸附方程

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Large potential of strengthening the land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2622-2631页

作者： Xu Yue Hao Zhou Yang Cao Hong Liao Xiaofei lu Zhen Yu Wenping Yuan Zhu Liu Yadong Lei Stephen Sitch Jürgen Knauer Huijun Wang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Jiangsu Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center Nanjing 210013China Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province Institute of EcologySchool of Applied MeteorologyNUISTNanjing 210044China institute of Carbon Neutrality Sino-French Institute for Earth System ScienceCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Life and Environmental sciences University of ExeterExeter EX44RJUK Hawkesbury institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrith 2751Australia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationJoint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNUISTNanjing 210044China

The terrestrial ecosystem in China mitigates 21.-45%of the national contemporary fossil fuel CO_(2) emissions every *** and strengthening the land carbon sink is essential for reaching China’s target of carbon ***,this sink is subject to large uncertainties due to the joint impacts of climate change,air pollution,and human ***,we explore the potential of strengthening land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions,including forestation,ozone reduction,and litter removal,taking advantage of a well-validated dynamic vegetation model and meteorological forcings from 1. climate *** anthropogenic interventions,considering Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios,the land sink is projected to be 0.26-0.56 Pg C a^(-1. at 2060,to which climate change contributes 0.06-0.1. Pg C a^(-1. and CO_(2) fertilization contributes 0.08-0.44 Pg C a^(-1. with the stronger effects for higher emission *** anthropogenic interventions,under a close-to-neutral emission scenario(SSP1.2.6),the land sink becomes 0.47-0.57 Pg C a^(-1. at 2060,including the contributions of 0.1. Pg C a^(-1. by conservative forestation,0.07 Pg C a^(-1. by ozone pollution control,and 0.06-0.1. Pg C a^(-1. by 20%litter removal over planted *** sink can mitigate 90%-1.0% of the residue anthropogenic carbon emissions in 2060,providing a solid foundation for the carbon neutrality in China.

关键词： Carbon sink Forestation Ozone Litter removal

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Room-Temperature Continuous-Wave Operation of a Tunable External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser

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chinese Physics Letters 2011年第7期28卷 126-128页

作者： ZHANG Jin-Chuan WANG Li-Jun LIU Wan-feng LIU feng-Qi YIN Wen LIU Jun-Qi LI lu WANG Zhan-Guo Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083 department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

A room-temperature cw operation of a tunable external cavity(EC)quantum cascade laser(QCL)at an emitting wavelength of 4.6µm is ***−compensation combined with two-phonon resonance in an active region design promises low threshold current density.A very low threshold current density of 1.47 kA/cm^(2) for an EC−QCL operated in cw mode is ***-mode cw operation with a side-mode suppression ratio of 20 dB and a wide tuning range of over 1.0 cm-1.are ***,an even wider tuning range of over 1.5 cm^(−1. is obtained in pulsed mode at room temperature.

关键词： tuning mode Quantum

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萃取分光光度法测定氯化钾体系中的十八胺

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光谱学与光谱分析 2024年第8期44卷 2240-2249页

作者：宋忠梅路淼张慧芳张鹏瑞房得珍马亮刘青青于雪峰刘海宁叶秀深马珍彭文博吴志坚中国科学院青海盐湖研究所青海省盐湖资源化学重点实验室青海西宁810008 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司盐湖股份中央研究院青海格尔木816000 青海省生产力促进中心有限公司科技事务部青海西宁810008 中国科学院大学化学科学学院北京100049

十八胺是冷结晶-正浮选法生产氯化钾的常用捕收剂,用量显著影响浮选分离效率。由于其会吸附在氯化钾表面,不可避免地在氯化钾中残留,不利于高纯钾盐产品的开发。针对氯化钾生产过程及产品中十八胺含量测定的需求,依据十八胺和溴酚蓝通... 详细信息

十八胺是冷结晶-正浮选法生产氯化钾的常用捕收剂,用量显著影响浮选分离效率。由于其会吸附在氯化钾表面,不可避免地在氯化钾中残留,不利于高纯钾盐产品的开发。针对氯化钾生产过程及产品中十八胺含量测定的需求,依据十八胺和溴酚蓝通过范德华力和氢键络合的作用原理,开发了以乙酸丁酯为萃取剂、溴酚蓝钠盐为显色剂的萃取分光光度法测定氯化钾中十八胺的浓度。考察了溶液pH、十二烷基吗啉、共存盐、平衡时间、显色剂用量对十八胺浓度测量的影响。结果表明:当溶液pH从3~9逐渐增大时,十八胺与溴酚蓝的络合作用减弱且络合分子极性增大,导致吸光度降低;在pH1.mol·L^(-1.,2 mmol·L^(-1.显色剂的用量为0.50 mL,采用缓冲溶液定容至25 mL,反应5 min后加入5.00 mL乙酸丁酯萃取,待分层平衡2 min后于458 nm处测定萃取液吸光度,工作曲线为A=0.04949c+0.06624(R^(2)=0.9923,ε=1.33×1.^(4) L·mol^(-1.·cm^(-1.,0~1. mg·L^(-1.)。该方法的相对标准偏差为0.33%~2.63%,平均相对误差为-0.90%,十八胺和十二烷基吗啉混合体系的平均相对误差为-0.25%。采用该方法测得正浮选精钾母液中十八胺含量为8.66 mg·L^(-1.,加标回收率为95.5%~1.6%,可用于测定盐湖钾肥生产过程中十八胺的浓度。

关键词：十八胺萃取分光光度法氯化钾十二烷基吗啉盐湖

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超高选择性CO_(2)光还原为乙醇的CuNi异核双原子催化剂的精准设计

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chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第4期59卷 126-136页

作者：崔恩田鲁玉莲江吉周 Arramel 王定胜翟天佑盐城工学院江苏省新型环保重点实验室江苏盐城224051 武汉工程大学环境生态与生物工程学院湖北新型催化材料工程研究中心教育部磷资源开发利用工程研究中心教育部绿色化工过程重点实验室湖北武汉430205 清华大学化学系北京100084 华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院材料加工与模具技术国家重点实验室湖北武汉430074 印尼纳米中心印尼万丹

利用光催化还原技术将CO_(2)定向转化为乙醇(CO_(2)-乙醇)是解决日益严重的环境污染和能源危机的理想途径之一.然而,CO_(2)分子的高化学惰性以及C-C耦合反应的高化学能垒导致目前CO_(2)-乙醇转化反应的产率和选择性较低.因此,设计构建... 详细信息

利用光催化还原技术将CO_(2)定向转化为乙醇(CO_(2)-乙醇)是解决日益严重的环境污染和能源危机的理想途径之一.然而,CO_(2)分子的高化学惰性以及C-C耦合反应的高化学能垒导致目前CO_(2)-乙醇转化反应的产率和选择性较低.因此,设计构建能够快速活化CO_(2)分子并同时促进C-C耦合的光催化材料具有重要研究意义.尽管已有研究表明,Cu+物种在促进C-C耦合方面具有一定优势,但其在催化反应过程中的不稳定性限制了其实际应用.基于上述认识,本文通过理论模拟预测发现,相比于Cu单原子,CuNi异核双原子(CuNi HDAs)不仅在CO_(2)活化及C-C耦合方面更具优势,而且能够有效锚定并固化Cu+物种.因此,本文设计了一种三步合成策略,精准地将Cu单原子锚定在(Ni,Zr)-UiO-66-NH2材料的Ni位上,合成了以CuNi HDAs为活性位点的Cu-(Ni,Zr)-UiO-66-NH2光催化材料.在可见光照射下,Cu-(Ni,Zr)-UiO-66-NH2表现出较好的催化CO_(2)-乙醇转化活性,其乙醇的产率和选择性分别达到~321.μmol·gCu^(-1.·h^(-1.和97.3%.光谱分析和密度泛函理论计算结果表明,Cu-(Ni,Zr)-UiO-66-NH2材料较好的光催化性能来源于CuNi HDAs特殊的电子结构.首先,CuNi HDAs通过CuNi-O界面化学键与吸光组分(Ni,Zr)-UiO-66-NH2相连,利用界面Cu-Ni-O键作为快速电子传输通道,CuNi HDAs能够富集到足够的光生电子用于涉及1.电子的CO_(2)-乙醇转化反应,使得乙醇产率大幅提升.其次,Cu,Ni和O三种原子由于电子亲核能的差异,导致CuNi HDAs的电子分布呈现不对称性.这种不对称的电子结构能有效诱导CO_(2)分子的极化,打破其结构的对称性,从而显著降低CO_(2)分子的活化能.再次,相比于Cu单原子,CuNi HDAs对*CO中间体的吸附能力更强,这不仅增强了活性位点表面*CO中间体的覆盖度,还抑制CO的生成,为C-C耦合创造了充分条件.最后,由于Cu-Ni双活性位电子密度的差异,CuNi HDAs表面的C-C耦合反应势能较低,有利于*OCCHO中间体的快速生成,从而使乙醇产物的选择性大幅提升.综上,本文以理论计算模拟为指导,以UiO-66-NH2材料为基底,成功设计并制备了一种具有不对称电子结构的CuNi HDAs光催化材料,实现了高选择性CO_(2)光还原为乙醇.研究表明,CuNi HDAs的不对称结构在促进分子活化和降低C-C耦合反应能垒中起关键作用,同时促进了光生电子在CuNi HDAs活性位的富集.本文的研究结果为在原子尺度上设计并合成高性能的CO_(2)还原光催化剂提供了实验和理论参考.

关键词： CuNi异核双原子光催化 CO_(2)-乙醇转化不对称电子分配电子富集

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