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An improved analysis method for assessing the nuclear-heating impact on the stability of toroidal field magnets in fusion reactors

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 163-176页

作者： Yu-Dong Lu Jin-Xing Zheng Xu-feng liu Huan Wu Jian Ge Kun Xu Ming Li Hai-Yang liu Lei Zhu Fei liu Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

The superconducting magnet system of a fusion reactor plays a vital role in plasma confinement,a process that can be dis-rupted by various operational factors.A critical parameter for evaluating the temperature margin of superconducting magnets during normal operation is the nuclear heating caused by D-T *** study investigates the impact of nuclear heat-ing on a superconducting magnet system by employing an improved analysis method that combines neutronics and thermal *** the magnet system,toroidal field(TF)magnets are positioned closest to the plasma and bear the highest nuclear-heat load,making them prime candidates for evaluating the influence of nuclear heating on *** enhance the modeling accuracy and facilitate design modifications,a parametric TF model that incorporates heterogeneity is established to expedite the optimization design process and enhance the accuracy of the computations.A comparative analysis with a homogeneous TF model reveals that the heterogeneous model improves accuracy by over 12%.Considering factors such as heat load,magnetic-field strength,and cooling conditions,the cooling circuit facing the most severe conditions is selected to calculate the temperature of the *** selection streamlines the workload associated with thermal-hydraulic *** approach enables a more efficient and precise evaluation of the temperature margin of TF ***,it offers insights that can guide the optimization of both the structure and cooling strategy of superconducting magnet systems.

关键词： Superconducting magnet Nuclear heating Neutronics Thermal hydraulics

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New process for treating boron-bearing iron ore by flash reduction coupled with magnetic separation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第3期31卷 473-484页

作者： Qipeng Bao Lei Guo Hong Yong Sohn Haibin Zuo feng liu Yongliang Gao Zhancheng Guo State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of UtahUtah 84112USA China ENFI Engineering Corporation Beijing 100038China

Boron is an important industrial raw material often sourced from minerals containing different compounds that cocrystallize,which makes it difficult to separate the mineral phases through conventional *** study proposed a new treatment called flash reduction-melting separation(FRMS)for boron-bearing iron *** this method,the concentrates were first flash-reduced at the temperature under which the particles melt,and the slag and the reduced iron phases disengaged at the particle *** reduc-tion and melting effects were achieved above 1550℃.The B_(2)O_(3) content in the separated slag was over 18wt%,and the B content in the iron was less than 0.03wt%.The proposed FRMS method was tested to investigate the effects of factors such as ore particle size and tem-perature on the reduction and melting steps with and without pre-reducing the raw *** mineral phase transformation and morphology evolution in the ore particles during FRMS were also comprehensively analyzed.

关键词： ludwigite boron-bearing iron concentrate flash reduction melting separation boron

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Assessment of climate damage in China based on integrated assessment framework

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 124-133页

作者： Jie liu Xiang-Zhen SHI Li YANG Chang-Yi liu Jin-Cheng WANG Rui-Min ZHU Xue-Li SHI Qiu-feng liu International Business School Shanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062China University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Bejing 102488China School of Economics and Management Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization(GEIDCO) Bejing 100031China Hubei Enshi College Enshi 445099China CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Developing a localized and consistent model framework for climate loss and damage assessment is crucial for the policy-making of climate change mitigation and *** study introduces a comprehensive,multidisciplinary Integrated Assessment Model(IAM)framework for evaluating climate damage in China,utilizing BCC-SESM climate model and FUND sectoral climate damage model under the SSP2-RCPs *** a bottom-up approach,the research estimates climate damage across eight major sectors,recalibrates sectoral climate damage functions and parameters for China,and elucidates distinctions among direct climate loss,market climate loss,and aggregate climate *** findings reveal that the total climate damage function for China follows a quadratic pattern in response to temperature *** 2050,the estimated climate damage is projected to be 5.4%,5.7%,and 8.2%of GDP under RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,***,both direct and market climate losses are projected to remain below 2%of GDP by 2050,while the aggregate climate loss could reach as high as 8.2%,which is predominantly attributed to non-market *** a sectoral perspective,under the RCP8.5 scenario,human health damage constitutes the largest share(61.9%)of the total climate loss by 2050,followed by sea-level rise damage(18.6%).This study sheds lights on the adaptation policy that should attach importance to the non-market sectors,particularly focusing on human health and sea-level rise.

关键词： Climate loss and damage Integrated assessment model(IAM) FUND model Representative concentration pathways(RCPs)scenario BCC-SESM

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Investigation of Material Properties Based on 3D Graphite Morphology for Compacted Graphite Iron

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第6期37卷 1077-1086页

作者： Chenglu Zou Yan Zhao Gang Zhu Jianchao Pang Shaogang Wang Yangzhen liu feng liu Shouxin Li Zhefeng Zhang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Mechanical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical UniversityFushun113001China Institute of Advance Wear and Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China Jihua Laboratory Foshan528200China Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety Ministry of EducationSchool of Mechanical and Power EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China

The strength and thermal conductivity of compacted graphite iron(CGI)are crucial performance indicators in its engineering *** presence of graphite in CGI significantly influences the two *** the previous studies,graphite in CGI was often described using two-dimensional(2D)*** this study,the three-dimensional(3D)size,shape,and distribution of graphite in CGI were analyzed using X-ray *** on this,a new method is introduced to calculate the 3D vermicularity and compare it with the 2D vermicularity in terms of tensile properties and thermal *** results demonstrate that vermicular graphite exhibits greater connectivity in 3D observation compared to 2D ***,the calculation method of 3D vermicularity is determined by considering the surface area and volume of the connected *** a linear relationship between 3 and 2D vermicularity has been *** comparing the correlation coefficient,it has been found that the 3D vermicularity offers a more accurate method to establish the relationship among graphite morphology,thermal conductivity and tensile property of CGI.

关键词： Compacted graphite iron 3D graphite morphology X-ray tomography Thermal conductivity Tensile property

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Deformation of Rigid Conjugate Self-dual Galois Representations

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第7期40卷 1599-1644页

作者： Yi feng liu Yi Chao TIAN Liang XIAO Wei ZHANG Xin Wen ZHU Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China Morningside Center of Mathematics AMSSChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China New Cornerstone Lab Beijing International Center for Mathematical ResearchPeking Ui Beijing 100871P.R.China Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge MA 02139United States Department of Mathematics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States

In this article,we study deformations of conjugate self-dual Galois *** study is ***,we prove an R=T type theorem for a conjugate self-dual Galois representation with coefficients in a finite field,satisfying a certain property called ***,we study the rigidity property for the family of residue Galois representations attached to a symmetric power of an elliptic curve,as well as to a regular algebraic conjugate self-dual cuspidal representation.

关键词： Galois deformation rigid conjugate self-dual Galois representations

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Preferential Formation of Ethylene via Electrocatalytic CO_(2) Reduction on Mesoporous Cu_(2)O Nanoparticles:Synergistic Effects of Pore Structure Confinement and Surface Amine

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第16期42卷 1846-1852页

作者： Haifeng Zhang Dun Li Zhifang Chen Yingying Wang Haoyu Sun feng liu Maochang liu Yiqun Zheng Hongwen Huang School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and MaterialsJining UniversityQufuShandong 273155China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangshaHunan 410082China Health Management Department Shandong Vocational College of Light IndustryZiboShandong 255300China International Research Center for Renewable Energy National Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710049China

We present a facile synthetic strategy to create mesoporous Cu_(2)O nanocrystals with tunable pore structures and surface functional groups of amine derivatives for efficient and preferable electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into *** structural characteristics of theseCu_(2)O nanocrystals can be manipulated using a set of amine derivatives,such as pyridine,4,4'-bipyridine,and hexamethylenetetramine,during the oxidative etching process of Cu nanocrystals by bubbling gaseous oxygen in N,N-dimethylformamide *** amine derivatives not only serve as surface functional groups but also significantly affect the resulting pore *** synergistic effect of pore structure confinement and surface amine functionalization leads to the superb Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 51.9% for C_(2)H_(4),respectively,together with the C_(2)H_(4) partial current density of -209.4 mA·cm^(-2) at -0.8 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE).The relatively high selectivity towards C_(2)H_(4) was investigated using DFT simulations,where 4,4'-bipyridine functionalized Cu_(2)O seemed to favor the C_(2)H_(4) formation with the low free energy of the *** study provides a feasible strategy to manipulate the pore structure and surface functionalization of mesoporous Cu_(2)O nanocrystals by regulating the oxidative etching process,which sheds light on the rational preparation of high-performance CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts.

关键词： Amines Ethylene Cuprous oxide CO_(2)reduction Mesoporous materials

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Leflunomide: A versatile additive for defect reduction, enhanced optoelectronic properties and environmental stability of perovskite films

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2628-2637页

作者： Dingyue Sun Ming Peng Taijin Wang Longju Yi Shizuo Zhang feng liu Gary J.Cheng The Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

The development of perovskite photoelectric devices with excellent performance is largely dependent on the defects in the perovskite *** address this issue,a specific drug,leflunomide(LF,C_(12)H_(9)F_(3)N_(2)O_(2)),was incorporated into the perovskite to reduce defects and improve its photoelectric *** is believed that the C=O bond on LF molecule can interact with the uncoordinated Pb2+of the perovskite,thereby reducing non-radiative *** novel approach of incorporating LF into perovskite films has the potential to revolutionize the development of high-performance perovskite photoelectric *** trifluoromethyl functional(–CF_(3))group on LF can form a protective layer on the surface of the perovskite film,shielding it from water ***,LF can be utilized to alter the nucleation position of perovskite,thus minimizing the number of defects and optimizing the film ***,the LF-doped perovskite film displays low trap density and high photoelectric *** LF-doped perovskite film showed a trap density of 8.28×10^(11),which is notably lower than the 2.04×10^(12) of the perovskite film without *** responsivity and detectivity of the LF-doped perovskite photodetector were 0.771 A/W and 2.81×10^(11) Jones,respectively,which are much higher than the 0.23 A/W and 1.06×10^(10) Jones of the LF-undoped perovskite ***,the LF-doped photodetector maintained an initial photocurrent of 86%after 30 days of storage in air,indicating drastically increased environmental *** strongly suggests that LF is an effective additive for perovskites utilized in optoelectronic devices with high performance.

关键词： leflunomide additive engineering defect passivation perovskite

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Research Progress on the Growth-Promoting Effect of Plant Biostimulants on Crops

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第4期93卷 661-679页

作者： Qi Lu Longfei Jin Cuiling Tong feng liu Bei Huang Dejian Zhang College of Horticulture and Gardening Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of WetlandYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China Institute of Citrus Research Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaizhou318026China Jingzhou Institute of Technology Jingzhou434025China

A Plant Biostimulant is any substance or microorganism applied to plants to enhance nutrition efficiency,abioticstress tolerance,and/or crop quality traits,regardless of its nutrient *** application of Plant biostimulants(PBs)in production can reduce the application of traditional pesticides and chemical fertilizers and improvethe quality and yield of crops,which is conducive to the sustainable development of *** in-depthunderstanding of the mechanism and effect of various PBs is very important for how to apply PBs reasonablyand effectively in the practice of crop *** paper summarizes the main classification of PBs;Thegrowth promotion mechanism of PBs was analyzed from four aspects:improving soil physical and chemical properties,enhancing crop nutrient absorption capacity,photosynthesis capacity,and abiotic stress tolerance;At thesame time,the effects of PBs application on seed germination,seedling vigor,crop yield,and quality were summarized;Finally,how to continue to explore and study the use and mechanism of PBs in the future is analyzedand prospected,to better guide the application of PBs in crop production in the future.

关键词： Plant biostimulants growth promoting effect crop production

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Multi-Branch Fault Line Location Method Based on Time Difference Matrix Fitting

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Energy Engineering 2024年第1期121卷 77-94页

作者： Hua Leng Silin He Jian Qiu feng liu Xinfei Huang Jiran Zhu School of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha410082China Distribution Network Technical Center State Grid Hunan Electric Power Research InstituteChangsha410007China Technical Center China Energy Construction Group Hunan Thermal Power ConstructionZhuzhou412011China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410076China

The distribution network exhibits complex structural characteristics,which makes fault localization a challenging *** when a branch of the multi-branch distribution network fails,the traditional multi-branch fault location algorithm makes it difficult to meet the demands of high-precision fault localization in the multi-branch distribution network *** this paper,the multi-branch mainline is decomposed into single branch lines,transforming the complex multi-branch fault location problem into a double-ended fault location *** on the different transmission characteristics of the fault-traveling wave in fault lines and non-fault lines,the endpoint reference time difference matrix S and the fault time difference matrix G were *** time variation rule of the fault-traveling wave arriving at each endpoint before and after a fault was comprehensively *** realize the fault segment location,the least square method was *** was used to find the first-order fitting relation that satisfies the matching relationship between the corresponding row vector and the first-order function in the two matrices,to realize the fault segment ***,the time difference matrix is used to determine the traveling wave velocity,which,combined with the double-ended traveling wave location,enables accurate fault location.

关键词： Multi-branch lines distribution network fault location double-ended traveling wave positioning least square method

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Semisynthesis of homogeneous spike RBD glycoforms from SARS-CoV-2 for profiling the correlations between glycan composition and function

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 145-154页

作者： Farong Ye Cheng Li feng-Liang liu Xinliang liu Peng Xu Rong-Hua Luo Wenping Song Yong-Tang Zheng Tianlei Ying Biao Yu Ping Wang Center for Chemical Glycobiology Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityShanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Center for Biosafety Mega-Science Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Vaccines have been the primary remedy in the global fight against coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）.The receptor-binding domain（RBD） of the spike protein, a critical viral immunogen, is affected by the heterogeneity of its glycan structures and relatively low immunogenicity. Here, we describe a scalable synthetic platform that enables the precise synthesis of homogeneously glycosylated RBD, facilitating the elucidation of carbohydrate structure–function relationships. Five homogeneously glycosylated RBDs bearing biantennary glycans were prepared, three of which were conjugated to T-helper epitope(Tpep) from tetanus toxoid to improve their weak immune response. Relative to natural HEK293-derived RBD, synthetic RBDs with biantennary N-glycan elicited a higher level of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Furthermore, RBDs containing Tpepelicited significant immune responses in transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Our collective data suggest that trimming the N-glycans and Tpepconjugation of RBD could potentially serve as an effective strategy for developing subunit vaccines providing efficient protection.

关键词： peptide ligation glycosylation glycoprotein

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