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Effects of ex situ conservation on diversity and function of the gut microbiota of the Tibetan wild ass(Equus kiang)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 1089-1104页

作者： Hongmei GAO feng jiang Jingjie ZHANG Xiangwen CHI Pengfei SONG Bin LI Zhenyuan CAI Tongzuo ZHANG Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics XiningChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Student Affairs Qinghai UniversityXiningChina

Ex situ conservation is the main method for the protection of endangered wildlife.To explore the effect of ex situ conservation on the gut microbiota of the kiang(Equus kiang),metagenomic sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis was used to investigate the composition and function of the gut microbiota of the kiang.The results showed that ex situ conservation not only protected wildlife,but also affected the composition and function of gut microbiota,as well as the health of animals.In the zoo,the ratio of the relative abundance of Firmicutes to that of Bacteroidetes(F/B)is higher,clusters of potentially pathogenic bacteria(such as Catonella,Catonella,and Mycoplasma)are more numerous,the abundance of resistance genes is higher,and the abundance of metabolic functions is increased.The dynamic changes of the gut microbiota also played an important role in the nutritional absorption,energy metabolism,and environmental adaptation of the kiang.Improving the rearing environment and increasing food diversity play important roles for increasing the diversity of gut microbiota,reducing the spread of potentially pathogenic bacteria,and reducing diseases.In the wild,especially in winter and in food-deficient areas,food supplementation can enhance the gut microbial homeostasis of wild animals and reduce the impact of crises.In depth studies of the gut microbial function of wildlife have important implications for improving ex situ conservation.

关键词： ex situ conservation metagenome potential pathogenic bacteria resistance genes Tibetan wild ass

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Machine learning assisted discovering of new M_(2)X_(3)-type thermoelectric materials

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Rare Metals 2022年第5期41卷 1543-1553页

作者： Du Chen feng jiang Liang Fang Yong-Bin Zhu Cai-Chao Ye Wei-Shu Liu Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Physics & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies(Ministry of Education) Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Recent years have witnessed a continuous discovering of new thermoelectric materials which has experienced a paradigm shift from try-and-error efforts to experience-based discovering and first-principles calculation. However, both the experiment and first-principles calculation deriving routes to determine a new compound are time and resources consuming. Here, we demonstrated a machine learning approach to discover new M_(2)X_(3)-type thermoelectric materials with only the composition information. According to the classic Bi_(2)Te_(3) material, we constructed an M_(2)X_(3)-type thermoelectric material library with 720 compounds by using isoelectronic substitution, in which only 101 compounds have crystalline structure information in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database(ICSD) and Materials Project(MP) database. A model based on the random forest(RF) algorithm plus Bayesian optimization was used to explore the underlying principles to determine the crystal structures from the known compounds. The physical properties of constituent elements(such as atomic mass, electronegativity, ionic radius) were used to define the feature of the compounds with a general formula ^(1)M^(2)M^(1)X^(2)X^(3)X(^(1)M +^(2)M:^(1)X +^(2)X+^(3)X = 2:3). The primary goal is to find new thermoelectric materials with the same rhombohedral structure as Bi_(2)Te_(3) by machine learning.The final trained RF model showed a high accuracy of 91% on the prediction of rhombohedral compounds. Finally, we selected four important features to proceed with the polynomial fitting with the prediction results from the RF model and used the acquired polynomial function to make further discoveries outside the pre-defined material library.

关键词： Thermoelectric materials M_(2)X_(3)-type material library Random forest(RF)algorithm Bayesian optimization Machine learning

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Room-temperature thermoelectric materials: Challenges and a new paradigm

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第2期8卷 427-436页

作者： Zhijia Han Jing-Wei Li feng jiang Jiating Xia Bo-Ping Zhang Jing-feng Li Weishu Liu The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Novel Electronic Information Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China

Room-temperature thermoelectric materials provide promising solutions for energy harvesting from the environment,and deliver a maintenance-free power supply for the internet-of-things(IoTs).The currently available Bi_(2)Te_(3) family discovered in the 1950s,still dominates industrial applications,however,it has serious disadvantages of brittleness and the resource shortage of tellurium(1×10^(-3) ppm in the earth's crust).The novel Mg_(3)Sb_(2) family has received increasing attention as a promising alternative for room-temperature thermoelectric materials.In this review,the development timeline and fabrication strategies of the Mg 3 Sb 2 family are depicted.Moreover,an insightful comparison between the crystal-linity and band structures of Mg_(3)Sb_(2) and Bi_(2)Te_(3) is drawn.An outlook is presented to discuss challenges and new paradigms in designing room-temperature thermoelectric materials.

关键词： Thermoelectric materials Mg_(3)Sb_(2) Bi_(2)Te_(3) Chemical bond engineering

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Evaluation of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine on semen parameters in reproductive-age males:a retrospective cohort study

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第5期24卷 441-444页

作者： Hong Zhu Xiao Wang feng Zhang Yong Zhu Mei-Rong Du Zhi-Wen Tao Can Sun Hai-Tao Ma Ya-Dong Li Guo-Qing Liang Jie Ren Bai-Lan feng feng jiang Human Sperm Bank Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200011China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200011China Department of Andrology Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF institute China-USA CenterShanghai 200011China

During the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)epidemic,there have been concerns about the impact of vaccines on people’s fertility,including the fertility of those who are currently preparing for pregnancy and those who might become pregnant in future.However,there is still a lack of research on the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on male fertility,and it is not surprising that couples and donors have concerns regarding vaccination.In this study,a retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine semen quality before and after receipt of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.There were no statistically significant changes in semen parameters(volume,sperm concentration,progressive motility,and total progressive motile count)after two doses of vaccine(all P>0.05).In summary,our study updates the most recent studies on the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine on male fertility,and the information from this study could be used to guide fertility recommendations for assisted reproductive technology(ART)patients and donors.

关键词： assisted reproductive technology coronavirus disease vaccine male fertility semen parameters sperm donation

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Structural requirements and interaction mechanisms of ACE inhibitory peptides:molecular simulation and thermodynamics studies on LAPYK and its modifi ed peptides

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第6期11卷 1623-1630页

作者： Biying Zhang Jingbo Liu Hedi Wen feng jiang Erlei Wang Ting Zhang Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130062China College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118China

The understanding of the structural requirements and the intermolecular-interaction mechanism are important for discovering potent angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides.In this study,we modifi ed an egg-white derived peptide,LAPYK,using the amino acids with different properties to produce the LAPYK-modified peptides.The ACE inhibitory activities of the modified peptides were determined to explore the structural requirements of ACE inhibitory peptides(ACEIPs).Molecular simulation and isothermal titration calorimetry analysis were used to investigate interactions between the peptides and ACE.We found that hydrophobicity and the amino acids with ring structures were benefi cial for the ACE inhibitory activities of the peptides.The results of the molecular mechanics poisson boltzmann surface area(MMPBSA)binding free energy calculations indicated that the polar solvation free energy(ΔG_(polar))of the charged peptides(LAPYK,LAPYE)were unfavorable for binding to ACE.On the other hand,the results of isothermal titration calorimetry analyses suggested that the enthalpy-driven ACE-peptide interactions were more favorable than the entropy-driven ACE-peptide interaction counterparts.

关键词： ACE inhibitory peptides Molecular docking Molecular dynamics simulation Isothermal titration calorimetry

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穴位刺激调控自主神经系统的区域异质性

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 2024年第2期34卷 77-82页

作者：姜劲峰南京中医药大学教育部针药结合重点实验室南京210023

Acupoints on the different parts of the body surface vary in regulating the autonomic nervous system(ANS),exhibiting differences in the acupoint specificity in terms of the distributing directions of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.The paper introduces the rules of acupoints on the corresponding body surfaces in modulating ANS based on their location at four limbs,abdomen,sacrum,head and face,suboccipital and lateral cervical region and auricle(concha).The fundamental rule of acupoint heterogeneity in ANS regulation is that:all acupoints can induce somatic-sympathetic reflex.The regional heterogeneity of acupoints in ANS is shown:by the fact that stimulation beyond a certain intensity can induce systemic autonomic effects.The acupoints on the abdomen act on the sympathetic nervous system,those at concha on the vagal system and those on the sacral region on the sacral parasymathetic system.The heterogeneity of acupoints in regulating ANS refers to co-effects of acupoints specific effect(within segments) and its systemic effect(whole body),which embodies the specificity of acupoints structure.The acupoints on the same body surface regions display the homogeneity of modulation.Mastering the heterogeneous characteristics of acupoints in modulating ANS is particularly conductive to constructing the theoretical basis of acupoints in clinical acupuncture treatment for systemic diseases.

关键词： Acupoints Acupoint specificity Autonomicnerve Vagus nerve Sympathetic nerve Sacral parasympathetic nerve

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从寺观到山城:宋蒙战争时期成都金堂云顶城营建研究

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城市规划 2024年第6期48卷 112-122页

作者：黄文冯江华南理工大学建筑学院

聚焦南宋末年抗蒙“八柱”之一的云顶城,结合营城史与军事史两种视角,根据战时南宋四川战区兼顾“卫民”与“养兵”的军事防御思想,阐释了平城-山城双城结构对云顶城创建的影响,梳理了云顶城从战前寺观到战时山城的营建历程,剖析了其“... 详细信息

聚焦南宋末年抗蒙“八柱”之一的云顶城,结合营城史与军事史两种视角,根据战时南宋四川战区兼顾“卫民”与“养兵”的军事防御思想,阐释了平城-山城双城结构对云顶城创建的影响,梳理了云顶城从战前寺观到战时山城的营建历程,剖析了其“踞山”“据寺”的选址策略与依山就势营城的规划特色,总结了云顶城在石砌城防设施、给排水系统与道路等方面的营建经验。本文将为研究南宋四川抗蒙山城营建史和理解其遗产价值提供新的认识。

关键词：抗蒙山城平城-山城结构云顶城军队驻泊山地寺观 “护险墙”

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劳动关系中言论纠纷的宪法适用:一个反思的视角

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中国政法大学学报 2024年第3期 249-264页

作者：姜峰华东师范大学法学院

一项法定权利所蕴含的价值和规范标准,应依据其涉及的特定法律关系来界定。宪法上的言论自由因具有公共性、脆弱性而应受到刚性保护,而劳动者的言论一般并非宪法言论自由在劳动关系中的具体化,也不适用刚性标准。对我国司法判例的实证... 详细信息

一项法定权利所蕴含的价值和规范标准,应依据其涉及的特定法律关系来界定。宪法上的言论自由因具有公共性、脆弱性而应受到刚性保护,而劳动者的言论一般并非宪法言论自由在劳动关系中的具体化,也不适用刚性标准。对我国司法判例的实证考察表明,法官在劳动者言论纠纷裁判中对宪法的援引主要是修辞性的,纠纷解决最终依赖的,是不成文的劳动者“忠诚义务”和对冲突利益的个案权衡。这既反映了劳动关系的人身性、持续性特征对双方权利义务的重要影响,也说明纠纷完全可以在劳动法框架内解决。

关键词：劳动者言论言论自由基本权利忠实义务

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改进注意力模型的食品图像识别方法

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计算机工程与应用 2024年第12期60卷 153-159页

作者：姜枫周莉莉南京理工大学泰州科技学院江苏泰州225300

随着人们对健康饮食需求的日益增加,各种饮食评估辅助软件应运而生,食品图像识别问题受到越来越多的关注。食品图像识别属于细粒度图像识别问题,较其他图像识别难度更大。目前主流的食品图像数据集,如ISIA Food-500、ETH Food-101、Vire... 详细信息

随着人们对健康饮食需求的日益增加,各种饮食评估辅助软件应运而生,食品图像识别问题受到越来越多的关注。食品图像识别属于细粒度图像识别问题,较其他图像识别难度更大。目前主流的食品图像数据集,如ISIA Food-500、ETH Food-101、Vireo Food-172等所包含的图像数量偏少,难以很好地训练图像识别系统,进一步增大了图像识别难度。提出一种基于注意力机制的图像识别方法,该方法在自注意力的基础上引入局部注意力的概念,用于描绘图像细粒度特征,提高图像识别的准确率。此外,还提出一种图像自监督预训练算法,缓解食品图像训练样本不足的问题。实验结果表明,所提方法在ISIA Food-500数据集的Top-1和Top-5准确率分别达到65.58%和90.03%,性能优于现有的其他算法。

关键词：食品图像细粒度图像识别局部注意力自监督预训练 ISIA Food-500数据集

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Water Evaporation Triggered Self-Assembly of MXene on Non-Carbonized Wood with Well-Aligned Channels as Size-Customizable Free-Standing Electrode for Supercapacitors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第5期6卷 347-354页

作者： Weimin Chen Zhao Li feng jiang Min Luo Kai Yang Daotong Zhang Wangwang Xu Chaozheng Liu Xiaoyan Zhou Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials Nanjing 210037China Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory Department of Wood ScienceThe University of British ColumbiaVancouver BC V6T 1Z4Canada School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton Rouge LA 70803USA

Herein,non-carbonized wood-based electrodes and separators with well-aligned channels and excellent mechanical properties are developed for supercapacitors.To enhance the conductivity and boost the capacitance,Ti_(3)C_(2)(MXene)nanosheets with high electrical conductivity and excellent electrochemical activity are loaded into the wood cells via self-assembly triggered by fast evaporating water in Ti_(3)C_(2)suspension.By the assistance of positive charged polydopamine microspheres with large surface area,the self-restacking of Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets can be avoided and the high mass loading(50 wt%)can be achieved due to the extra driving force for Ti_(3)C_(2)absorption.Benefiting from the conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets with massive active sites and the multiple well-aligned channels in wood with efficient transportation pathways for charge carriers,the as-designed free-standing electrode shows a large areal capacitance of 1060 mF cm^(-2)at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and high capacitance retention of 67%at 10 mA cm^(-2).Also,this electrode is highly size-customizable,showing a good ability to be industrially processed into various shapes and dimensions.Furthermore,an all-wood based supercapacitor with Ti_(3)C_(2)/wood composites as two layers of electrodes and a wood slice as the separator is fabricated,presenting a high energy density of 10.5μW h cm^(-2)at 389.9μW cm^(-2).

关键词： free-standing electrode MXene nanosheets polydopamine microspheres supercapacitor wood slice with well-aligned channels

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