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Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Models in Hate Speech detection in English

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2849-2868页

作者： Ronghao Pan JoséAntonio García-díaz Rafael Valencia-García departamento de Informática y Sistemas Universidad de MurciaCampus de EspinardoMurcia30100Spain

Large Language Models(LLMs)are increasingly demonstrating their ability to understand natural language and solve complex tasks,especially through text *** of the relevant capabilities is contextual learning,which involves the ability to receive instructions in natural language or task demonstrations to generate expected outputs for test instances without the need for additional training or gradient *** recent years,the popularity of social networking has provided a medium through which some users can engage in offensive and harmful online *** this study,we investigate the ability of different LLMs,ranging from zero-shot and few-shot learning to *** experiments show that LLMs can identify sexist and hateful online texts using zero-shot and few-shot approaches through information ***,it is found that the encoder-decoder model called Zephyr achieves the best results with the fine-tuning approach,scoring 86.811%on the Explainable detection of Online Sexism(EdOS)test-set and 57.453%on the Multilingual detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter(HatEval)***,it is confirmed that the evaluated models perform well in hate text detection,as they beat the best result in the HatEval task *** error analysis shows that contextual learning had difficulty distinguishing between types of hate speech and figurative ***,the fine-tuned approach tends to produce many false positives.

关键词： Hate speech detection zero-shot few-shot fine-tuning natural language processing

Small molecules to target tau amyloid aggregation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 509-511页

作者： Zoe Manglano-Artuñedo Samuel Peña-díaz Salvador Ventura Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain

Protein aggregation has been linked with many neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(Ad)or Parkinson’s *** belongs to a group of heterogeneous and incurable neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as *** comprise frontotemporal dementia,Pick’s disease,or corticobasal degeneration,among *** symptomatology varies with the specific tau protein variant involved and the affected brain region or cell ***,they share a common neuropathological hallmark-the formation of proteinaceous deposits named neurofibrillary *** tangles,primarily composed of aggregated tau(Zhang et al.,2022),disrupt normal neuronal functions,leading to cell death and cognitive decline.

关键词： tau degeneration aggregation

Refractive outcomes after V4c Toric collamer lens implantation over 1y of follow-up

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第7期17卷 1322-1330页

作者： Humberto Carreras-díaz Josefina Reñones de Abajo María del Rosario Carreras-díaz Amalia Lorente-Velázquez Vithas Eurocanarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35004Spain University Hospital of Girona doctor Josep Trueta Gerona 17007Spain departament of Optometry and Vision Faculty of Optics and OptometryComplutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain

AIM:To evaluate refractive outcomes and corneal astigmatism changes after Toric implantable collamer lens with a central port(V4c T-ICL)implantation over 1y of ***:A retrospective study was performed including 50 eyes of 50 patients that underwent V4c T-ICL ***(UdVA)and corrected(CdVA)distance visual acuities,refraction,refractive and corneal astigmatism changes and corneal coupling correction were evaluated preoperatively,1 and 12mo *** analysis was used for astigmatism *** of adjustment(CAdj)was calculated for corneal coupling ***:The mean UdVA achieved was 0.03 logMAR at 1mo and remained unchanged throughout the whole follow-up(P=0.193).At the last visit,84%of the eyes achieved a CdVA of 0.00 logMAR or *** spherical equivalent refraction(SEQ),96%of eyes were ranges of±1.00 d and 84%of them within±0.50 ***,94%of eyes had a remaining refractive cylinder within±1.00 d and 78%of them within±0.50 ***,SEQ and refractive cylinder,remain stable over the postoperative follow-up(P=1.000 and P=0.660,respectively).In terms of surgically induced astigmatism(SIA),no statistically significant differences were found over the follow-up(P=0.102)and under correction was found with a correction index lower than the unit at each visit.A keratometric astigmatism induced of 0.59±0.53(vector mean:0.26×73º)d was reached at the last *** significant changes in terms of corneal astigmatism orientation were reported over post-surgery visits(P=0.129 and P=0.097 at 1 and 12mo respectively).No clinical significance was found for CAdj on with-the-rule *** postoperative complications resulting from the surgery were ***:Refractive outcomes suggest that the V4c T-ICL implantation for correction of myopic astigmatism was satisfactory in terms of effectiveness,safety,and stability during 1y of *** astigmatism induced by the incision around 0.5 d is achieved

关键词： V4c Toric collamer lens corneal astigmatism surgically induced astigmatism corneal coupling

Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease:an urgent research venue to follow

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2569-2570页

作者： Raquel Jiménez-Herrera Ana Contreras Juan d.Navarro-López Lydia Jiménez-díaz Neurophysiology&Behavior Lab University of Castilla-La ManchaSchool of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

due to increasing life expectancy,the amount of people with dementia worldwide is expected to experience a substantial rise,with estimates indicating a growth from 55 million in 2019 to a staggering 139 million by the... 详细信息

关键词： Alzheimer predominant estimates

Preventing brain aging by the artificial enforcement of the unfolded protein response:future directions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 393-394页

作者： felipe Cabral-Miranda Claudio Hetz Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Center for Geroscience Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile、Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile、Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile、Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCAUSA

As the life expectancy of the world’s population increases,age-related diseases are emerging as one of the greatest problems facing modern *** onset of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases is strictly dependent on aging as a major risk factor and has a profound impact on various aspects of the lives of individuals and their families.

关键词： diseases aging directions

Evaluation of Residual Stresses Induced by High Speed Milling Using an Indentation Method

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2012年第4期2卷 143-150页

作者： felipe díaz Claudio Mammana Armando Guidobono departamento de Ingeniería Electromecánica—departamento de Ingeniería Industrial Facultad Regional Rafaela división Metrología dimensional Centro Regional Rosario (INTI) Rosario Argentina

In this work, a recently developed method based on the change of distance between collinear indents is used to evaluate different states of residual stress, which were generated in samples of AA 6082-T6 and AA 7075-T6 aluminium alloys milled at high speed. One of the advantages of this method, which needs a universal measuring machine, is not requiring neither the use of specific equipment nor highly skilled operators. Also, by integrating an indentation device to the mentioned machine, the absolute error of measurement can be reduced. In results obtained in samples subjected to different cutting conditions it is observed a correlation between the stress values and the depth of cut, showing the AA 6082-T6 alloy higher susceptibility to be stressed. Furthermore, the high sensitivity of the method allowed detecting very small differences in the values reached by different normal components in the zones corresponding to climb and conventional cutting. It is important to note that these differences were similar for both evaluated alloys. Finally, the directions associated with the principal components of residual stress, where maximum local plastic stretching occurs, were found to be strongly dependent on the rolling direction prior to machining.

关键词： Residual Stresses High Speed Milling Indentation Methods Aluminium Alloys Principal directions

Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer:Techniques,applications,and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1680-1705页

作者： Cristina díaz del Arco M Jesús Fernández Aceñero Luis Ortega Medina department of Surgical Pathology Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San CarlosHospital Clínico San CarlosMadrid 28040Spain department of Legal Medicine Psychiatry and PathologyUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain

After the study of circulating tumor cells in blood through liquid biopsy(LB),this technique has evolved to encompass the analysis of multiple materials originating from the tumor,such as nucleic acids,extracellular vesicles,tumor-educated platelets,and other ***,research has extended to include the examination of samples other than blood or plasma,such as saliva,gastric juice,urine,or *** techniques are diverse,intricate,and *** must be highly sensitive,and pre-analytical,patient,and tumor-related factors significantly influence the detection threshold,diagnostic method selection,and potential ***,the implementation of LB in clinical practice still faces several *** potential applications of LB range from early cancer detection to guiding targeted therapy or immunotherapy in both early and advanced cancer cases,monitoring treatment response,early identification of relapses,or assessing patient *** the other hand,gastric cancer(GC)is a disease often diagnosed at advanced *** recent advances in molecular understanding,the currently available treatment options have not substantially improved the prognosis for many of these *** application of LB in GC could be highly valuable as a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and for enhancing the management and outcomes of these *** this comprehensive review,from a pathologist’s perspective,we provide an overview of the main options available in LB,delve into the fundamental principles of the most studied techniques,explore the potential utility of LB application in the context of GC,and address the obstacles that need to be overcome in the future to make this innovative technique a game-changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment within clinical practice.

关键词： Liquid biopsy Gastric cancer Circulating tumor cells Cell-free dNA Circulating tumor dNA Molecular

Snapshot Survey of the Presence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Products, Articles, and the Environment in Ecuador

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 49-61页

作者： Heidelore Fiedler Luis Vega-Bustillos Jenny Arias-Pastrano Lander Vinicio Pérez-Aldás Jose Castro-díaz MTM Research Centre School of Science and TechnologyÖrebro UniversityÖrebro 70182Sweden Undersecretariat of Environmental Quality Ministry of EnvironmentWater and Ecological Transition of EcuadorQuito 170525Ecuador department of Environmental Chemistry The Technical University of AmbatoHuachi CampusAmbato 180207Ecuador Alternativavision Ambiental Cia.Ltda. Mexico 03100Mexico

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)is a legally binding instrument for 186 Parties(status:April 2023).Accordingly,among other responsibilities,countries are obliged to report the production,import,or export of the POPs listed in Annexes A,B,or C;provide information to registers;maintain inventories;and monitor the presence of POPs in the *** the broader context of international chemicals and waste management,producer responsibilities,harmonized reporting,and compliance with national and international regulations,Ecuador has addressed the newly listed group of perfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAS)in its national implementation plan and sent selected products from its national market for PFAS *** products analyzed came from the initially listed fields of specific exemptions and acceptable purposes,including:fire-fighting foams;photographic aids;greasers/degreasers;various kinds of paper/packaging;textiles;and leather,coatings,cleaners,metal plating,and *** results showed that the three PFAS presently listed in the Stockholm Convention could be quantified in only a few samples;additional PFAS,not yet listed in the Convention also had low detection *** the number of samples was limited,the samples covered a large spectrum of sample matrices,making it possible to conclude that—once these products become waste and are regulated under the Basel Convention—they would not constitute a disposal ***,verification of the presence of PFAS in products on the market is expected to pose an analytical challenge for both,developed and developing countries.

关键词： Emerging or newly listed POPs Stockholm Convention Products and articles PFAS analysis developing countries

Environmental changes affect picoplanktonic composition in Antarctic Peninsula ponds

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 108-122页

作者： Micaela dÍaz Leonardo LAGOMARSINO Gabriela MATALONI Marianela BELTRÁN Marcela LIBERTELLI Paulina FERMANI Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática INTECH-UNSAM-CONICETChascomús 7130Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y de la Salud UNPSJBComodoro Rivadavia 9000Argentina Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Limnología y Biología de la Conservación3IA-UNSAM-CONICETBuenos Aires 1650Argentina departamento de Biología de Predadores Tope Instituto Antártico ArgentinoBuenos Aires 1650Argentina Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental IBIOMAR/CESIMAR-CENPAT-CONICETPuerto Madryn 9120Argentina

Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the largest global warming events *** water bodies generated by the melting of snow in summer are numerous,and they might act as sentinels of climate change due to their rapid response and ability to integrate catchment *** in climate can influence the structure of microbial communities which dominate these freshwaters ***,we characterize three ponds at Cierva Point(Antarctic Peninsula)by examining their physico-chemical and morphological characteristics and we explored how different factors modify the structure of the microbial *** studied the abundance and biomass of heterotrophic bacteria,picocyanobacteria and picoeukaryote algae during January and February of two consecutive summers(2017 and 2018).We found that ponds had different limnological characteristics,due to their location,geomorphological features and presence of the surrounding flora and ***-chemical parameters as well as microbial community differed between ponds,months and *** 2017,most ponds were oligo to mesotrophic *** larger accumulated rainfall(as a result of environmental changes on the Antarctic Peninsula)during 2018,particularly in February,causes nutrient runoff into water *** affects those ponds with the highest seabird circulation,such as gentoo penguin,increasing *** a result,picoplanktonic abundances were higher,and the community structure shifts to a largely heterotrophic bacteria dominated *** results suggest that these communities could act as sentinels to environmental changes,anticipating a future with mostly hypertrophic ponds.

关键词： microorganisms freshwater environments climate change Cierva Point

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