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Vitamin D and prostate cancer prevention

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World Journal of Clinical oncology 2024年第6期15卷 691-694页

作者： Evita Krumina Abrahams ocanto felipe couña.o Department of Radiation oncology GenesisCare GuadalajaraGuadalajara 19004Spain Department of Radiation oncology San Francisco de Asís University HospitalGenesisCare MadridMadrid 28002Spain Department of Radiation oncology Vithas La Milagrosa University HospitalGenesisCare MadridMadrid 28010Spain National Director GenesisCare Spain

Vitamin D is a hot topic nowadays,especially its relationship with cancer pre-vention.Normally,vitamin D is associated with bone health principally,but the new research has discovered an impact on immune function and cellular sig-naling,even in same studies talk a.out a hormone,however,the most important relationship is its implication in cellular processes,inhibiting cancer growth.For now,the recent studies are oriented a.out a benefit and a cause-effect relationship between prostate cancer and normal levels of vitamin D.This premise opens a lot of questions in this scenario.This editorial highlighted the most important studies in this area.

关键词： Prostate cancer Vitamin D Screening Cancer Prevention

Current status of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

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World Journal of Clinical oncology 2024年第6期15卷 684-686页

作者： Abrahams ocanto Lisselott Torres felipe couña.o Department of Radiation oncology San Francisco de Asís University HospitalGenesis CareMadrid 28002Spain Department of Radiation oncology Vithas La Milagrosa University HospitalGenesis CareMadrid 28010Spain

In this editorial we comment on the article by Pavlidis et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of oncology.We focus on the recent contributions in the management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma,highlighting the importance of surgery and radiotherapy as first line therapies in its management and the introduction of new systemic therapies beyond chemotherapy,focused on molecular alterations,an essential step in the diagnosis and included in clinical guidelines for the selection of the ideal treatment.In contrast to other neoplasms,immunotherapy,is still beginning in studies of this pathology with encouraging results.Therefore,multimodal management of the pathology together with new drugs seems to be the logical step to increase the survival of this neoplasm.

关键词： Anaplastic carcinoma Thyroid diseases Surgery Radiotherapy Immunoth-erapy

Management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer:Is it time to reach an Agreement?

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World Journal of Clinical oncology 2024年第4期15卷 472-477页

作者： Sigfredo E Romero-Zoghbi Fernando López-Campos felipe couña.o Department of Radiation oncology GenesisCareTalavera de la Reina 45600ToledoSpain Department of Radiation oncology Hospital Universitario Ramón Y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Radiation oncology GenesisCare-Hospital Universitario Vithas Madrid La MilagrosaMadrid 28010Spain

In this editorial,we proceed to comment on the article by Chua et al,addressing the management of metastatic lateral pelvic lymph nodes(mLLN)in stage II/III rectal cancer patients below the peritoneal reflection.The treatment of this nodal area sparks significant controversy due to the strategic differences followed by Eastern and Western physicians,albeit with a higher degree of convergence in recent years.The dissection of lateral pelvic lymph nodes without neoadjuvant therapy is a standard practice in Eastern countries.In contrast,in the West,preference leans towards opting for neoadjuvant therapy with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy,that would cover the treatment of this area without the need to add the dissection of these nodes to the total mesorectal excision.In the presence of high-risk nodal characteristics for mLLN related to radiological imaging and lack of response to neoadjuvant therapy,the risk of lateral local recurrence increases,suggesting the appropriate selection of strategies to reduce the risk of recurrence in each patient profile.Despite the heterogeneous and retrospective nature of studies addressing this area,an international consensus is necessary to approach this clinical scenario uniformly.

关键词： Rectal cancer Lateral pelvic lymph node metastases Pelvic lymph node dissection Total neoadjuvant therapy Selective management of the lateral pelvic nodes Prophylactic management of the lateral pelvic nodes Chemoradiotherapy Total mesorectal excision

Pembrolizumab autoimmune related diabetes:Moving forward,keep learning

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World Journal of Clinical oncology 2024年第5期15卷 576-579页

作者： Jose Angel Garcia Diego Alcaraz Esther Holga.o felipe couña.o Department of Medical oncology GenesisCare Spain-San Francisco de Asis University HospitalMadrid 28002Spain Department of Chief of Medical oncology GenesisCare Spain-San Francisco de Asis University HospitalMadrid 28002Spain Department of Chief of Radiation oncology GenesisCare-Vithas La Milagrosa HospitalMadrid 28010Spain

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(and more specifically programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors as Pembrolizumab)initiated a revolution in the field of mela.oma and have now expanded to several tumor subtypes and in increasingly broader clinical contexts,including the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting,with potentially curable patients and prolonged survival.The side effects related to these drugs include a wide spectrum of manifestations,with endocrinological adverse events being some of the most frequent.Pembrolizumab-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus is an infrequent but potentially serious and not clearly reversible side effect that possesses characteristic clinical features and has high morbidity and mortality,with a chronic impact on quality of life.The etiopathogenesis of this phenomenom needs to be further investigated and a colla.orative effort through the involvement of oncologists and other medical specialists is necessary for the correct identification and management of patients at risk.

关键词： Immune checkpoints Pembrolizumab Immunotherapy Side effects Endocrine system Diabetes mellitus

Hyoid metastasis an unusual location from lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical oncology 2024年第7期15卷 796-798页

作者： Miguel Montija.o Abrahams ocanto felipe couña.o Department of Radiation oncology San Francisco de Asís University HospitalGenesis CareMadrid 28002Spain Department of Radiation oncology Vithas La Milagrosa University HospitalGenesis CareMadrid 28010Spain National Director Genesis CareMadrid 28043Spain

Bone metastases from lung cancer account for 8.5%,with those located in the hyoid bone being extremely rare.In this editorial,we made a review a.out Hsu et al case report highlighted the importance of palliative radiotherapy,even with an unusual but effective scheme in pain control in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer in stage IV.

关键词： Lung cancer Metastases Radiotherapy Palliative care Chemotherapy

Neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer: Where we are and where we are going

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World Journal of Clinical oncology 2024年第7期15卷 790-795页

作者： Elísabet González Del Portillo felipe couña.o Fernando López-Campos Department of Radiation oncología Hospital Universitario La PazMadrid 28046Spain Department of Radiation oncology GenesisCare MadridMadrid 28010Spain Department of Radiation oncology Hospital Universitario Ramón Y CajalMadrid 28034Spain

Locally advanced rectal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach based on total neoadjuvant treatment with radiotherapy(RT)and chemotherapy(ChT),followed by deferred surgery.Currently,alternatives to the standard total neoadjuvant therapy(TNT)are being explored,such as new ChT regimens or the introduction of immunotherapy.With standard TNT,up to a third of patients may achieve a complete pathological response(CPR),potentially a.oiding surgery.However,as of now,we lack predictive markers of response that would allow us to define criteria for a conservative organ strategy.The presence of muta-tions,genes,or new imaging tests is helping to define these criteria.An example of this is the diffusion coefficient in the diffusion-weighted sequence of magnetic resonance imaging and the integration of this imaging technique into RT treatment.This allows for the monitoring of the evolution of this coefficient over successive RT sessions,helping to determine which patients will achieve CPR or those who may require intensification of neoadjuvant therapy.

关键词： Locally advanced rectal cancer Total neoadyuvant treatment Radiotherapy Biomarker Magnetic resonance imaging Conservative organ strategy Watch and wait

A compact multi-pixel superconducting na.owire single-photon detector array supporting gigabit space-to-ground communications

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 254-266页

作者： Hao Hao Qing-Yuan Zhao Yang-Hui Huang Jie Deng Fan Yang Sai-Ying Ru Zhen Liu Chao Wan Hao Liu Zhi-Jian Li Hua-Bing Wang Xue-cou Tu La-Bao Zhang Xiao-Qing Jia Xing-Long Wu Jian Chen Lin Kang Pei-Heng Wu Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics(RISE) School of Electronic Science and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Purple Mountain La.ora.ories NanjingJiangsu 211111China Hefei National La.ora.ory HefeiAnhui 230088China National La.ora.ory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Classical and quantum space-to-ground communications necessitate highly sensitive receivers capable of extracting information from modulated photons to extend the communication distance from near-earth orbits to deep space explorations.To achieve gigabit data rates while mitigating strong background noise photons and beam drift in a highly attenuated free-space channel,a comprehensive design of a multi-functional detector is indispensable.In this study,we present an innovative compact multi-pixel superconducting na.owire single-photon detector array that integrates near-unity detection efficiency(91.6%),high photon counting rate(1.61 Gcps),large dynamic range for resolving different photon numbers(1-24),and four-quadrant position sensing function all within one device.Furthermore,we have constructed a communication testbed to validate the advantages offered by such an architecture.Through 8-PPM(pulse position modulation)format communication experiments,we have achieved an impressive maximum data rate of 1.5 Gbps,demonstrating sensitivities surpassing previous benchmarks at respective speeds.By incorporating photon number information into error correction codes,the receiver can tolerate maximum background noise levels equivalent to 0.8 photons/slot at a data rate of 120 Mbps—showcasing a great potential for daylight operation scenarios.Additionally,preliminary beam tracking tests were conducted through open-loop scanning techniques,which revealed clear quantitative dependence indicating sensitivity variations based on beam location.Based on the device characterizations and communication results,we anticipate that this device architecture,a.ong with its corresponding signal processing and coding techniques,will be applicable in future space-to-ground communication tasks.

关键词： photon supporting correction

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土压平衡盾构渣土改良泡沫发生性能试验

中国公路学报 2024年第1期37卷 154-164页

作者：王斌王树英郑响凑中南大学土木工程学院湖南长沙410075 中南大学隧地工程研究中心湖南长沙410075 中南大学轨道交通工程结构防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室湖南长沙410075

泡沫性能对于土压平衡盾构渣土改良效果有重要影响。采用实验室自制的泡沫发生设备进行了一系列泡沫性能测试,主要研究了气体流量、液体流量以及发泡液浓度对泡沫流量、发泡倍率、半衰期以及泡沫细观形态的影响,并分析了泡沫宏观性能与... 详细信息

泡沫性能对于土压平衡盾构渣土改良效果有重要影响。采用实验室自制的泡沫发生设备进行了一系列泡沫性能测试,主要研究了气体流量、液体流量以及发泡液浓度对泡沫流量、发泡倍率、半衰期以及泡沫细观形态的影响,并分析了泡沫宏观性能与细观粒径之间的相关性。研究结果表明:气液比相同时,随着气体流量的增加,泡沫流量先增大后减小,发泡倍率逐渐减小,泡沫半衰期先增大而后减小。气体流量一定时,随着液体流量的增加,泡沫流量近似线性增长,发泡倍率略有下降并趋于稳定,泡沫半衰期先增大后减小。发泡液浓度在2%以下时,泡沫流量、发泡倍率以及半衰期随着发泡液浓度的增大迅速增长,发泡液浓度大于3%时,泡沫性能受发泡液浓度的影响较小。气体流量为21 L·min^(-1)、液体流量为0.3~0.5 L·min^(-1)、发泡液浓度为3%条件下,该泡沫发生系统的发泡性能最佳。相对于液体流量和发泡液浓度,气体流量对泡沫气泡初始粒径分布的影响最为显著,随着气体流量的增大,泡沫变得更细更均匀。发泡倍率与泡沫粒径之间存在明显的相关性,泡沫越细,发泡倍率越低;泡沫半衰期与粒径之间的关系不如发泡倍率明显。在实际盾构渣土改良中,应该重视泡沫粒径与渣土颗粒孔隙的适配关系,泡沫改良更加适用于级配较好的渣土;相同地层条件下,不同级配的泡沫入渗时需要不同的注入压力。

关键词：隧道工程渣土改良泡沫发生器发泡倍率泡沫半衰期泡沫粒径分布

基于气相色谱-质谱探讨健脾化滞丸对溃疡性结肠炎患者血清、尿液代谢谱的影响

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中药药理与临床 2024年第3期40卷 92-97页

作者：陈亮杨芳许琰杰金玺苟小军徐逸南通市中医院南京中医药大学南通附属医院消化内科南通226000 上海市宝山区中西医结合医院中心实验室上海201999

目的:探讨健脾化滞丸对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者血清、尿液代谢物的影响,分析其治疗UC可能的作用机制。方法:选取2016年8月~2017年6月南京中医药大学南通附属医院消化科门诊就诊的溃疡性结肠炎患者24例作为病例组及15例健康人作为正常组,... 详细信息

目的:探讨健脾化滞丸对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者血清、尿液代谢物的影响,分析其治疗UC可能的作用机制。方法:选取2016年8月~2017年6月南京中医药大学南通附属医院消化科门诊就诊的溃疡性结肠炎患者24例作为病例组及15例健康人作为正常组,病例组给予健脾化滞丸10 g,3次/d,连续4 w。检测健康人及患者治疗前后血常规、血沉(ESR)的水平,比较各组血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素10(IL-10)、IL-12、IL-23、Toll样受体4(TLR4)的含量,收集患者治疗前后血清和尿液以及健康人的血清和尿液,样本采用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)检测,并进行多元统计分析,寻找差异性代谢物并对其代谢途径进行分析。结果:与正常组比较,病例组治疗前血清ESR、IL-12、IL-23、TNF-α含量明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.01);与治疗前相比,健脾化滞丸组治疗后血清ESR、IL-12、IL-23、TNF-α含量明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),IL-10含量显著升高(P<0.01)。与正常组相比,病例组患者治疗前血清和尿代谢谱有明显改变,共找到24种差异代谢产物(P<0.05或P<0.01),分别是谷氨酰胺、鸟氨酸、马尿酸、丙氨酸、核糖、肌醇、羟基脲、棕榈酸、蛋氨酸、乳酸、棕榈油酸、丝氨酸、丙二酸、酪氨酸、苏氨酸、油酸、3-羟基丙酸、苯乙酸、氢化肉桂酸、尿苷、胆酸、磷酸盐、谷氨酸、苹果酸;与治疗前相比,健脾化滞丸治疗后,病例组患者血清和尿液中12种代谢物已经回归正常(P<0.05或P<0.01),分别是谷氨酰胺、马尿酸、核糖、羟基脲、酪氨酸、苏氨酸、油酸、氢化肉桂酸、鸟氨酸、胱氨酸、丙二酸、苹果酸。结论:健脾化滞丸可以调节患者血清中炎症因子的释放,改善局部免疫平衡。24种内源性代谢物可作为UC的潜在标志物,健脾化滞丸对其中12种代谢物的调节作用可能是健脾化滞丸防治UC的途径和机制,主要涉及氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、脂肪酸代谢、胆酸代谢、等。

关键词：健脾化滞丸溃疡性结肠炎代谢组学气相色谱-质谱