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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 684-694页

作者： felicity a.whitehead Stefan Kasapis School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria3083Australia

Crosslinked biopolymers were prepared for controlled release to investigate the diffusion of ascorbic acid from swelling high-solid networks in neutral and acidic pH *** swelling was measured at pH 2.8 and pH 6.8 and change in microstructural properties,including network mesh size and average molecular weight between crosslinks of genipin-crosslinked gelatin and genipin-crosslinked chitosan systems,were *** mathematical modelling was applied to the first 60%of ascorbic acid diffusion and statistical analysis was used to determine the model that best fits the experimental *** transport from the gelatin-based networks was best described by the Peppas-Sahlin model whereas the distinct effect of pH on chitosan structure formation brought into consideration the zero-order *** modelling of bioactive compound release from swelling biopolymer matrices at different pH conditions is essential for the design of efficient targeted delivery matrices for functional food and nutraceutical applications.

关键词： Gelatin Chitosan Genipin crosslinking Ascorbic acid Diffusion kinetics

Plasma-catalysis: Is it just a question of scale?

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第2期13卷 264-273页

作者： J.Christopher whitehead School of Chemistry The University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PLUK

The issues of describing and understanding the changes in performance that result when a catalyst is placed into plasma are discussed. The different chemical and physical interactions that result and how their combination might produce beneficial results for the plasma-catalytic processing of different gas streams are outlined with particular emphasis being placed on the different range of spatial and temporal scales that must be considered both in experiment and modelling. The focus is on non-thermal plasma where the lack of thermal equilibrium creates a range of temperature scales that must be considered. This contributes in part to a wide range of inhomogeneity in different properties such as species concentrations and electric fields that must be determined experimentally by in situ methods and be incorporated into modelling. It is concluded that plasmacatalysis is best regarded as conventional catalysis perturbed by the presence of a discharge, which modifies its operating conditions, properties and outcomes often in a very localised way. The sometimes used description "plasma-activated catalysis" is an apt one.

关键词： plasma catalysis plasma-activated catalysis non-thermal plasma CO2 conversion

An Exploration of How Practitioners Make Meaning in a Chinese Medicine Consultation and Treatment

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 63-71页

作者： felicity Clare Moir University of Westminster London W1B 2HWthe United Kingdom

In Chinese medicine, practitioners assess patients’ complaints, analyze their underlying problems, identify causes and come to a diagnosis, which then directs treatment. What is not obvious and not recorded in a consultation is the clinical reasoning process that practitioners use. The research filmed three practitioners in the UK while they conducted a consultation and treatment on new patients. The practitioners and researchers viewed the films and used them as aide-memoirs while the reasoning process throughout was discussed. In order to determine the pattern, practitioners used the four examinations to gather information from the patient in an iterative process;their aesthetic reasoning was highly developed. Through triangulation they checked the information they received against a detailed understanding of the qi-dynamic. They used highly analytical strategies of forward(inductive) and backward(deductive) reasoning against the prototypes of the signs and symptoms that indicate a specific Zheng. This was achieved through an abductive process that linked description with explanation and causal factors with pathological mechanisms. The feedback loop with the patient continued through the consultation and into the treatment. A process of translation and interpretation was needed to turn the patient’s story into the practitioner’s story of qi-dynamics that then directed the treatment. Awareness of our clinical reasoning process will mitigate against biases, improve our diagnoses and treatment choices and support the training of students.

关键词： Chinese medicine Clinical reasoning Abduction Translation and interpretation

Trajectories of deagrarianization in South Africa−Past,current and emerging trends:A bibliometric analysis and systematic review

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第4期3卷 325-333页

作者： felicity Aphiwe Mkhongi Walter Musakwa Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy StudiesUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburg 2093South Africa

Inquiries into rural households’engagement with smallholder agriculture remain ambiguous and *** this reason,research on cultivation patterns has been informed by numerous articles published in recent ***,studies detailing the development and progress of deagrarianization remain *** attempts to bridge this knowledge gap,the study aims to provide empirical insights into the trajectories of deagrarianization in South *** published between 1996 and 2021 were retrieved from Clarivate Web of Science for analysis.A combination of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)and bibliometric analysis was adopted to provide a comprehensive review of deagrarianization *** findings emphasize that the field of deagrarianization is gaining momentum as publications gradually emerge to indicate that although cultivation is dominant among rural households,there is a reduction in field cultivation and an increase in home-gardening in former homelands of South ***,common keywords in deagrarianization literature,from a global,African and South African perspective include poverty and liveli*** that majority of deagrarianization studies analyze patterns,drivers and consequences of the phenomenon,future research needs to consider novel methodologies such as participatory GIS and new avenues that incorporate,but are not limited to,other livelihood issues such as social identities and food *** is advised that strategies for enhancing rural development and agricultural policies focus on broader solutions that do not only sustain home-gardens but also revitalize both active and abandoned fields.

关键词： Bibliometric analysis Deagrarianization PRISMA South Africa VOSviewer

Chronic proctalgia and chronic pelvic pain syndromes:New etiologic insights and treatment options

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第40期17卷 4447-4455页

作者： Giuseppe Chiarioni Corrado Asteria William E whitehead Division of Gastroenterology of the University of Verona Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona Valeggio sul Mincio Hospital 37067 Valeggio sul Mincio Verona Italy Department of Surgery and Orthopedics General Surgery Unit Azienda Ospedaliera Carlo Poma di Mantova Asola General Hospital 46041 Asola Mantova Italy Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division of Urogynecology and Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-7080 United States

This systematic review addresses the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of several chronic pain syndromes affecting the pelvic organs:chronic proctalgia, coccygodynia, pudendal neuralgia, and chronic pelvic pain. Chronic or recurrent pain in the anal canal, rectum, or other pelvic organs occurs in 7% to 24% of the population and is associated with impaired quality of life and high health care costs. However, these pain syndromes are poorly understood, with little research evidence available to guide their diagnosis and treatment. This situation appears to be changing:A recently published large randomized,controlled trial by our group comparing biofeedback, electrogalvanic stimulation, and massage for the treatment of chronic proctalgia has shown success rates of 85% for biofeedback when patients are selected based on physical examination evidence of tenderness in response to traction on the levator ani muscle-a physical sign suggestive of striated muscle tension. Excessive tension (spasm) in the striated muscles of the pelvic floor appears to be common to most of the pelvic pain syndromes. This suggests the possibility that similar approaches to diagnostic assessment and treatment may improve outcomes in other pelvic pain disorders.

关键词： Biofeedback Chronic pelvic pain Chronicproctalgia Coccygodynia Levator ani syndrome Pudendal neuralgia

Evolution of gastroenterology training

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第15期15卷 1793-1798页

作者： Hanna Telleman Trevlyn felicity Burger Chris Jacob Johan Mulder Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology Witwatersrand University

There have been rapid developments in gastroenterology(GE)over the last *** until the late 1980s,GE-training was incorporated in Internal Medicine *** introduction of endoscopy has necessitated the need for additional *** the world different national boards have developed their own curricula which will be discussed in this paper. Emphasis will be placed on the curriculum recently introduced in The *** internal medicine component has become a two-year requirement (Common Trunk)and the duration of training in GE has been extended to four *** of the growing complexity of GE,there are now four subspecialties:Interventional Endoscopy,Neuromotility, Oncology and Hepatology that trainees can choose *** subspecialties each have predefined specific *** World Gastroenterology Organization has drawn up a standard curriculum which can be of help to the boards in different countries. The curriculum emphasizes the knowledge and skill *** curriculum also defines the training recommendations,the requirements of training facilities and competence evaluation of fellows and facilities,while less is said about research,finance and the number of gastroenterologists *** the coming decades the curriculum will need to be revised *** of the curriculum will be the next challenge for the years to come.

关键词： Career Common Trunk Curriculum Endoscopy Fellow Fellowship Gastroenterology Hepatology Program Training

A Study of Fluid Flow in Sediments and the Effect of Tidal Pumping

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 842-847页

作者： Paulo Waltrich John whitehead Richard Hughes Karsten Thompson Department of Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State University

Offshore drilling and production operations can result in spills or leaks of hydrocarbons into seabed sediments, which can potentially contaminate these sediments with oil. If this oil later mi- grates to the water surface it has the potential for negative environmental impacts. For proper contin- gency planning and to avoid larger consequences in the environment, it is essential to understand me- chanisms and rates for hydrocarbon migration from oil containing sediments to the water surface as well as how much will remain trapped in the sediments. It is believed that the amount of oil transported out of the sediment can be affected by tidal pumping, a common form of subterranean groundwater dis- charge （SGD）. However, we could find no study experimentally investigating the phenomenon of fluid flow in subsea sediments containing oil and the effects of tidal pumping. This study presents an experi- mental investigation of tidal pumping to determine if it is a possible mechanism that may contribute to the appearance of an oil sheen on the ocean surface above a sediment bed containing oil. An experimen- tal apparatus was constructed of clear PVC pipe allowing for oil migration to be monitored as it flowed out of a sand pack containing oil, while tidal pressure oscillations were applied in three different man- ners. The effect of tidal pumping was simulated via compression of air above the water （which simulated the increasing static head from tidal exchange）. Experimental results show that sustained oil release oc- curred from all tests, and tests with oscillating pressure produced for longer periods of time. Further- more, the experimental results showed that the oil migration rate was affected by grain size, oil satura- tion, and oscillation wave type. In all oscillating experiments the rate and ultimate recovery was less than the comparable static experiments. For the conditions studied, the experimental results indicate that with an oscillating pressure on top of a

关键词： tidal pumping oil migration sediments oil release rate.

Acute coronary syndrome in the older adults

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第2期13卷 101-108页

作者： Xuming DAI Jan Busby-whitehead Karen P Alexander Division of Cardiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA Division of Geriatric Medicine Center for Aging and Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill North Carolina USA Division of Cardiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA

Coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the developed world. Advanced age is the single strongest risk factor for coronary artery disease （CAD） and independent predictor for poor outcomes following an acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. ACS refers to a spectrum of conditions compatible with acute myocardial ischemia and/or infarction due to various degrees of reduction in co- ronary blood flow as a result of plaque rupture/erosion and thrombosis formation or supply and demand mismatch.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome Aging Coronary artery disease Older adults Risk assessment

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DIVORCE AND KIDS

中国翻译 1994年第3期 60-61页

作者： Barbara Dafoe whitehead

Divorce is transforming the lives ofAmerican children. In the post-World WarⅡ generation, more than 80 percent ofchildren grew up with both biologicalparents. Today only half will do so. Eachyear more than a million children experiencefamily breakup; about as many are born outof wedlock. At the same time, the problemsassociated with family disruption havegrown. Over-all child well-being hasdeclined, despite historically high publicspending. The teen suicide rate has almosttripled. Juvenile crime has increased

关键词： more than DIVORCE AND KIDS

Biofeedback therapy for dyssynergic defecation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7069-7074页

作者： Giuseppe Chiarioni Steve Heymen William E whitehead Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Division Valeggio sul Mincio Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera and University of Verona Valeggio sul Mincio Italy UNC Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC United states

Dyssynergic defecation is one of the most common forms of functional constipation both in children and adults; it is defined by incomplete evacuation of fecal material from the rectum due to paradoxical contraction or failure to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is believed to be a behavioral disorder because *** no associated morphological or neurological abnormalities, and consequently biofeedback training has been recommended for treatment. Biofeedback involves the use of pressure measurements or averaged electromyographic activity within the anal canal to teach patients how to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is often combined with teaching the patient more appropriate techniques for straining （increasing intra-abdominal pressure） and having the patient practice defecating a water filled balloon. Tn adults, randomized controlled trials show that this form of biofeedback is more effective than laxatives, general muscle relaxation exercises （described as sham biofeedback）, and drugs to relax skeletal muscles. Moreover, its effectiveness is specific to patients who have dyssynergic defecation and not slow transit constipation. However, in children, no clear superiority for biofeedback compared to laxatives has been demonstrated. Based on three randomized controlled studies in the last two years, biofeedback appears to be the preferred treatment for dyssynergic defecation in adults.

关键词： Biofeedback Constipation Pelvic floor dyssynergia Dyssynergic defecation Functional defecation disorders Randomized controlled trials