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Entry into Midgut Epithelial Cells is a Key Step in the Selection of Genotypes in a nucleopolyhedrovirus

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第4期24卷 350-358页

作者： Gabriel Clavijo Trevor williams Delia Muoz Miguel López-Ferber Primitivo Caballero Laboratorio de Entomología Agrícola y Patología de Insectos Departamento de Producción Agraria Universidad Pública de Navarra Instituto de Agrobiotecnología CSIC Gobierno de Navarra Mutilva Baja Spain Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa Veracruz Mexico Laboratoire de Gènie de l'Environnement Industriel Ecole de Mines d'Alès Alès France

An isolate of the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus comprises a stable proportion of deletion genotypes （e.g., SfnIC-C）, that lack pifl and pif2 rendering them noninfectious per os, and that survive by complementation with a complete genotype （SfnIC-B） in coinfected cells. To determine whether selection for particular ratios of complete and deletion genotypes occurs mainly during the establishment of the primary infection in insect midgut cells or during subsequent systemic infection, we examined genotype frequencies in insects that fed on OBs comprising different co-occluded mixtures of genotypes. Dramatic changes in genotype frequencies were observed between the OB inoculum and budded virus （BV） samples taken from larvae inoculated with OBs comprising 10% SfnIC-B ＋ 90% SfnIC-C indicating that a marked reduction of SfnIC-C genotype had occurred in the insect midgut due to the immediate elimination of all OBs that originated from cells that had been infected only by SfnIC-C. In contrast, immediate changes were not observed in OBs comprising mixtures of 50% SfnIC-B ＋ 50% SfnIC-C or those comprising 10% SfnIC-B ＋ 90% SfnIC-C as most of the OBs in these mixtures originated from cells that had been infected by both genotypes. Subsequent changes in genotypic frequencies during five days of systemic infection were fairly small in magnitude for all genotypic mixtures. We conclude that the prevalence of defective genotypes in the SfnIC population is likely determined by a balance between host selection against OBs produced in cells infected by SfnIC-C alone and within-host selection for fast-replicating deletion genotypes. The strength of intra-host selection is likely modulated by changes in MOI during the infection period.

关键词： nucleopolyhedrovirus, Defective genotypes Infection Selection

Characterization of high nonlinearity in Brillouin amplification in optical fibers with applications in fiber sensing and photonic logic

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Photonics Research 2014年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Daisy williams Xiaoyi Bao Liang Chen Fiber Optics Group University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada

A highly accurate,fully analytic solution for the continuous wave and the probe wave in Brillouin amplification,in lossless optical fibers,is *** is experimentally confirmed that the reported analytic solution can account for spectral distortion and pump depletion in the parameter space that is relevant to Brillouin fiber sensor applications,as well as applications in photonic *** analytic solutions are valid characterizations of Brillouin amplification in both the low and high nonlinearity regime,for short fiber lengths.

关键词： fiber optical pump

The influence of habitat heterogeneity and latitude on gamma diversity of the nearctic Simuliidae, a ubiquitous group of stream-dwelling insects

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 712-720页

作者： John W. McCreadie Rachel H. williams Sam Stutsman Debra S. Finn Peter H. Adler Department of Biology University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama USA Department of Earth Sciences Biology University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama USA Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA

Among the most prominent, large-scale patterns of species richness are the increases in richness with decreasing latitude and with increasing habitat heterogeneity. Using the stream-dwelling larval and pupal stages of north American black flies （Diptera： Simuliidae）, we address 3 broad questions about species richness：（i） Does a significant latitude-richness relationship exist？（ii） How does habitat heterogeneity influence gamma diversity？（iii） What is the sign （positive or negative） of the latitude-richness and the heterogeneity-richness relationships？ We found no evidence that habitat heterogeneity influences gamma diversity. The estimated peak species richness for black flies in north America was at 50-53°n, which also corresponds with peak generic richness. All plesiomorphic, extant lineages of the Simuliidae in the Western Hemisphere are found in cool mountainous environments of north America, suggesting that peak richness at 50-53°n might be a signature of this phylogenetic pattern and a reflection of underlying historical processes

关键词： aquatic insects biodiversity gamma richness north America Simuliidae streams

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巨核细胞的来源、发育和调节

国外医学.输血及血液学分册 1984年第2期07卷 90-92页

作者： williams n 邱丽玲

自本课题的最近一篇主要综述发表以来,人们对巨核细胞生成的知识已有了显著提高。本文主要考察了骨髓干细胞向血小板逐级分化的过程和涉及的调节活动。血小板是来自巨核细胞的无核血细胞。在发育、成熟期间,巨核细胞可生成除5-羟色胺(5... 详细信息

自本课题的最近一篇主要综述发表以来,人们对巨核细胞生成的知识已有了显著提高。本文主要考察了骨髓干细胞向血小板逐级分化的过程和涉及的调节活动。血小板是来自巨核细胞的无核血细胞。在发育、成熟期间,巨核细胞可生成除5-羟色胺(5-HT)以外的血小板全部成分。发育过程中巨核细胞形成各种多倍体。现已证明巨核细胞来源于未分化的祖细胞。这些前体细胞能在体外受刺激而成灶。虽然有人报道过这些细胞灶有二种或更多类型的细胞,如巨核细胞加粒细胞,红系细胞和(或)巨噬细胞,但通常巨核细胞灶发育仅限于单一的细胞系。

关键词：巨核细胞血小板生成素前体细胞巨噬细胞血小板数红系细胞粒细胞条件培养液色胺原代培养

Association between admission haematocrit and mortality among men with acute ischaemic stroke

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Stroke & Vascular neurology 2018年第3期3卷 160-168页

作者： Jason J Sico Laura J Myers Brenda J Fenton John Concato Linda S williams Dawn M Bravata neurology Service VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA Department of neurology Center for NeuroEpidemiological and Clinical Neurological ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA Clinical Epidemiology Research Center(CERC) VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA Pain Research InformaticsMultimorbidities and Education(PRIME)Center of InnovationVA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA Communication and the HSR&D Stroke Quality Enhancement Research Initiative(QUERI) Richard L Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA VA Health Services Research and Development(HSR&D) Center for Healthcare InformaticsRichard L Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale School of Public HealthWest HavenConnecticutUSA Medical Service VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA Regenstrief Institute IndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of neurology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Internal Medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Objective Anaemia is associated with higher mortality among patients with non-stroke cardiovascular conditions;less is known regarding the relationship between anaemia and mortality among patients with acute ischaemic *** Medical records were abstracted for n=3965 veterans from 131 Veterans Health Administration facilities who were admitted with ischaemic stroke in fiscal year *** values within 24 hours of admission were classified as≤27%,28%-32%,33%-37%,38%-42%,43%-47% or≥48%.Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between anaemia and in-hospital,30-day,6-month and 1-year mortality,adjusting for age,medical comorbidities,modified Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-III and stroke *** factors were calculated to standardise comparisons between haematocrit tier and other *** Among n=3750 patients included in the analysis,the haematocrit values were≤27%in 2.1%(n=78),28%-32% in 6.2%(n=234),33%-37%in 17.9%(n=670),38%-42% in 36.4%(n=1366),43%-47% in 28.2%(n=1059)and≥48% in 9.1%(n=343).Patients with haematocrit≤27%,compared with patients in the 38%-42% range,were more likely to have died across all follow-up intervals,with statistically significant adjusted ORs(aORs)ranging from 2.5 to *** with polycythaemia(ie,haematocrit≥48%)were at increased risk of in-hospital mortality(aOR=2.9;95%CI 1.4 to 6.0),compared with patients with mid-range admission *** differences between patients receiving and not receiving blood transfusion limited our ability to perform a propensity *** factors in the 1-year mortality model were 0.46(severe anaemia),0.06(cancer)and 0.018(heart disease).Conclusions Anaemia is independently associated with an increased risk of death throughout the first year post stroke;high haematocrit is associated with early poststroke *** anaemia is associated with 1-year mortality to a greater degree than cancer or heart dise

关键词： mortality admitted transfusion

Development of Low Carbon Microalloyed High Strength Ultra-Thin Cast Strip Products Produced by the Castrip~ Process With Excellent Strength-Ductility Properties

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 846-850页

作者： C.R. Killmore K.R. Carpenter H.R. Kaul D.G. Edelman J.M. Cairney S.P. Ringer J.G. williams P.C. Campbell W.n. Blejde BlueScope Steel Five Islands Road Pt Kembla 2500 Australia nucor Steel Indiana 4537 S. nucor Rd. Crawfordsville In 47933 USA Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Castrip LLC1915 Rexford Rd. Charlotte nC 28211 USA

The CASTRIP* process produces a range of high strength Ultra-thin Cast Strip (UCS) products (380-550 MPa) in thicknesses between 0.9 mm and 1.5 mm, which is very challenging to produce via conventional hot and cold rolled processing routes. The twin roll CASTRIP process fully exploits the hardenability and strengthening potential of nb in a low C-Mn-nb-V microalloyed steel type. Significant microstructural strengthening from solute nb was obtained, even at low microalloying levels, as well as modest Mn additions, through enhancing the hardenability and further strengthening was obtained in coated products by exploiting age hardening during processing on a continuous hot dip galvanising line. Atom probe tomography and TEM determined that nb was retained in solid solution and subsequent age hardening resulted from the formation of nb and V rich nanosized particles. Age hardening was achieved without loss of ductility producing galvanised strip with an excellent strength-ductility combination (Y.S. >600 MPa, T.E. >10%).

关键词： strip casting microalloying niobium ntom probe tomography age hardening high strength CASTRIP Process

ORIEnTATIOnAL ORDER-DISORDER TRAnSITIOnS In THE VAn-DER-WAALS COMPLEX C6H6:C6F6-A CASE FOR COMBInInG POWDER nEUTROn AnD X-RAY DATA

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ORIENTATIONAL ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITIONS IN THE VAN-DER-WAAL...

Comparison of nutritional Composition of Bird Egg Varieties Found in Southern nigeria: A Preliminary Study

Sixteenth Congress of the International Union of Crystallography

作者： Jeremy K.Cockcroft Andrew n.Fitch Jeffrey H.williams Department of Crystallography Birkbeck CollegeMalet StreetLondon WC1E 7HXUnited Kingdom ESRF BP220F-38043 Grenoble CedexFrance Institut Laue Langevin BP156F-38042 Grenoble CedexFrance

＜正＞Recent developments in powder diffraction during the last few years indicate that in future ab initio crystal structure solution wiLl no longer be the sole domain of single crystal *** particular, the development of high-resolution powder diffractometers with sample environments routinely covering the temperature range 2 K

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 868-879页

作者： Eridiong O. Onyenweaku Henrietta n. Ene-Obong Ima O. williams Chinaka O. nwaehujor Human nutrition and Dietetics Unit Department of Biochemistry University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

This study was aimed at comparing nutrient composition of some bird eggs in their raw and boiled forms. The different varieties were exotic chicken, local chicken, turkey, quail and guinea fowl eggs. The eggs were shelled and their contents (boiled and raw) lyophilized. Standard AOAC methods were used for determination of proximate, mineral and vitamin compositions. Results showed the boiled eggs having higher nutrient concentrations than the raw eggs across all species. Guinea fowl egg had significantly higher (p ntent of protein, fat and most micronutrients. The eggs were rich in microelements, with guinea fowl egg having the best sodium-potassium ratio (0.66). Turkey eggs had significantly (p n content in the raw and boiled samples (7.2 ± 0.09 mg/100g and 9.6 mg/100g, respectively). This study showed some “less-popular”/underutilized eggs having certain nutrients in significantly greater quantities;hence exploiting these may greatly improve diet quality and nutritional status of consumers.

关键词： Egg Chicken Turkey Quail Guinea Fowl nutrient Mineral Vitamin

Evaluation of the mood repair hypothesis of compulsive buying

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第2期2卷 83-90页

作者： Alishia D. williams Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression University of New South Wales at St. Vincent’s Hospital Sydney Australia

Compulsive buying (CB) is a proposed disorder of dysregulated buying behaviour that is associated with high rates of Axis I comorbidity, particularly depression and anxiety. It has been proposed that purchasing behaviours may serve as a maladaptive means of alleviating negative affect in vulnerable individuals. The aim of the current study was to experimentally manipulate affect to test this mood repair hypothesis. Compulsive buyers (n = 26) and pathological gamblers (n = 23) diagnosed using structured clinical interviews (SCID) and healthy controls (n = 24) were randomly assigned to either a negative or positive mood-induction procedure (MIP) and participated in an experimental buying task. Results revealed that, irrespective of mood induction condition, compulsive buyers reported a greater urge to acquire items, purchased more items, and spent a greater total amount of money during the buying task when compared to the healthy control group. Compulsive buyers were also faster than pathological gamblers in making decisions to purchase, even after controlling for motor impulsivity (BIS). There was, however, no main effect of mood-induction condition or group by condition interaction. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

关键词： Compulsive Buying Acquisition Mood Repair Depression