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Farmers' decision to adopt watershed management practices in Gibe basin, southwest Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第4期7卷 376-387页

作者： fekadu Mengistu Engdawork Assefa Center for Environment and Development Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Berhan UniversityDebre BerhanEthiopia

Watershed management practices have been implemented to avert land degradation and to enhance people's livelihoods in the highlands of Ethiopia for several ***,the successes of these practices have been quite limited and the main factors affecting these practices have not been examined in *** study intended to investigate rates and intensities of adoption of watershed management practices and to determine the main factors affecting farmers' adoption decisions in the upper Gibe *** were collected from 304 household heads in six sub catchments across different topographic settings using household *** groups discussions,key informant interviews and transect walk observations were also *** statistics and econometric models such as,multivariate and ordered probit were used to analyze the *** results revealed that the majority of households (82.6 percent) used at least one of the six practices considered in this *** bund,grass strip cultivation with soil bund and compost were the major watershed management practices adopted by *** rate and intensity of adoption were better for program participants and in upper and middle topographic *** results of the multivariate and ordered probit analysis indicated that household size,extension services,credit services,training services and perception of soil erosion had positive significant relationship with both rate and intensity of adoption of most ***,policy makers and planners need to consider labor,knowledge and awareness,and capital intensive nature of the practices for the up scaling planning and implementations of watershed intervention technologies.

关键词： Watershed management practices Farmers' decision Adoption Determinants Gibe river basin

GIS-based assessment of climate change impacts on forest habitable Aframomum corrorima(Braun)in Southwest Ethiopia coffee forest

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第10期17卷 2432-2446页

作者： Ayehu fekadu Teshome SOROMESSA Bikila Warkineh DULLO Center of Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia

Climate change is thought to have a greater impact on crops that require particular conditions for their *** Ethiopia is a region where important cash crops such as Coffea arabica and Aframomum corrorima(korerima)*** crops are known to require shade for their growth and *** study was conducted to assess the impacts of climate change on an important but neglected cash crop of *** using GIS-based species distribution *** meteorological data and bioclimatic data from WorldClim were used to map past,present,and future distribution of the crop in the Coffee Forest System of Southwest ***,96 key informants were interviewed and completed questionnaires to complement the distribution *** key informants mapped the history and present occurrences of *** and based on this,ground-truthing survey was *** interpolation method of the Inverse Distance Weighted was used in ArcGIS 10.5 to develop bioclimatic variables for modeling past and present distribution while data from IPCC(AR4)Emissions Scenarios was used for the future occurrence prediction using Principal Component *** best bioclimatic variables were selected and MaxEnt was used to model past,present and future distribution of *** output of our model was validated using Area Under the Curve(AUC)*** and precipitation are the most important environmental variable,then temperature increased by 1.3°C in the past(from 1988 to 2018)while it is predicted to increase further by at least 1.4°C before *** the contrary,precipitation decreased by an average of 10.1 mm from the past while it is predicted to decrease further by 12.5 mm before *** model shows that the area suitable for korerima in 1988 was 20,638.2 ha and it was reduced by half and became 10,545.3 ha in 2018,similarly predicted to shrink into 3225.5 ha by *** findings from the key informants confirm the model res

关键词： Aframomum corrorima Coffee forest Bioclimatic variables Suitability GIS MaxEnt

Synthesis of nanostructured zinc oxide and its composite with carbon dots for DSSCs applications using flexible electrode

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Materials Reports(Energy) 2024年第3期4卷 77-83页

作者： Habtamu fekadu Etefa Francis Birhanu Dejene Department of Physics Walter Sisulu UniversityPrivate Bag X-1Mthatha5117South Africa

ZnO nanowires(ZnO NWs),ZnO nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)and carbon dots(C-dots)were synthesized by hydrothermal,sol-gel and hydrothermal methods *** were also characterized and applied for dye sensitized solar cells(DSSCs).The effects of C-dots on ZnO NWs and ZnO NPs have been *** C-dots were used at a mole ratio of citric acid(CA)to ethylene diamine(EDA)of 1:*** C-dots were found to enhance the performance of the flexible electrode *** the addition of C-dots,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of ZnO NPs was boosted to be two times higher than that of ZnO NPs DSSCs without ***,the ultraviolet(UV)-band revealed a blue shift,resulting in a lower band gap and a reduced charge transfer resistance,which can enhance the PCE of *** loaded quantity on the flexible electrode substrate made of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)was optimized(50 mg).For DSSCs,the PET flexible electrode conductive polymer has produced positive *** ZnO NWs and ZnO NWs@C-dots,the PCE values were 1.45%and 4.25%;while for ZnO NPs and ZnO NPs@C-dots,they were 2.34%and 5.81%,*** work achieved remarkable and competitive performance when compared to solid(indium tin oxides/glass)-based substrate.

关键词： ZnO NWs@C-dots ZnO NPs@C-dots PET DSSCs Flexible electrode

Woody plant species diversity and composition in and around Debre Libanos church forests of North Shoa Zone of Oromiya,Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 1929-1939页

作者： Hingabu Hordofa Koricho Girma Shumi Tikabo Gebreyesus Shaoxian Song fekadu Fufa School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyLuoshi Road 122WuhanHubei 430070People’s Republic of China Faculty of Sustainability Leuphana UniversityLüneburgGermany Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversitiesWondo GenetEthiopia Hubei Key Laboratories of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment Wuhan University of TechnologyLuoshi Road 122WuhanHubei 430070People’s Republic of China Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Jimma Institute of TechnologyJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia

Dry afromontane forests are among the most poorly managed and endangered ***,we assessed the composition,diversity,and conservation status of woody plant species of the Debre Libanos church forests and surrounding forest lands in Oromiya Regional National State,central Ethiopia in 62 nested circular sample plots spaced 200 m apart along two transect *** circular plots 314 m^(2)were used to sample trees with DBH of at least 10 cm,and subplots of 28.26 m^(2)were laid in each main plot were used to assess saplings and shrubs;a small subplot of 3.14 m2 was used to assess *** total,70 woody plant species belonging to 62 genera and 43 families were *** these,59,28 and 32 were in the church,government and private forest types,*** most dominant families were Fabaceae and Verbenaceae,each represented by five *** the forests considered,trees accounted for 61%,and shrubs with diameter at breast height(DBH)of 1-10 cm accounted for ca.33%.Among growth forms of woody species,shrubs and seedlings,followed by trees constituted much of the density of woody species in all the three ownership types of *** church forest had the most species(59)and highest Shannon(3.12)and Simpson(0.92)species diversity indices,and the government and private forests had a nearly similar total number of species and Shannon and Simpson species diversity *** of the species with higher importance value indices(IVI)were indigenous in origin within the church forest(Juniperus procera=82),government forest(***=66)and private forest(Acacia abyssinica=84).The composition,diversity,and population structure of woody species in the church forest were significantly higher than in the other forest ***,interventions of the government and private sectors to conserve forest systems in the areas,particularly the government-owned forest and specific species such as Olea europaea need active enrichment plantings due to their limi

关键词： Church forest Debre Libanos forest Floristic composition Forest system Species diversity

Structure and regeneration status of Komto Afromontane moist forest, East Wollega Zone, west Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 205-216页

作者： fekadu Gurmessa Teshome Soromessa Ensermu Kelbessa Department of Biology Wollega University Addis Ababa University

We conducted a study in Komto Forest in East WoUega Zone, Oromia National Regional State, West Ethiopia for determining vegetation structure and regeneration status in this forest. We systematically sampled 53 quadrats （20 m ×20 m） along line transects radiating from the peak of Komto Mountain in eight directions. Vegetation parameters such as DBH, height, seedling and sapling density of woody species, and location and altitude of each quadrat were recorded. In total, 103 woody plant species of 87 genera and 45 families were identified. Analysis of selected tree species revealed different population structures. Generally, the forest was dominated by small trees and shrubs characteristic of secondary regeneration. Observations on the regeneration of the forest indicated that there are woody species that require urgent conservation measures. Based on the results of this study, we recommend detailed ecological studies of various environmental factors such as soil type and properties, and ethnobotanical studies to explore indigenous knowledge on uses of plants.

关键词： East Wollega Komto Forest moist montane forest regen- eration status structural analysis

Active trachoma prevalence and its associated factors among children aged 1-9 years in rural residents of Lare District, Southwest Ethiopia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第11期14卷 1756-1764页

作者： Yitayeh Belsti Sofonias Addis fekadu Abel Sinshaw Assem Department of Physiology College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondar 196Ethiopia Department of Optometry College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondar 196Ethiopia

AIM:To determine the prevalence of active trachoma and its associated factors among children in Lare District,Southwest Ethiopia,***:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 620 participants were recruited using a multi-stage sampling technique.A structured questionnaire,torch,and magnifying loupes were used for data *** data was entered into epidemiological information and exported to statistical package for social science version 20 for *** bi-variable and multivariable Logistic regression analysis model was fitted to identify factors associated with active *** ratio with a 95%CI was used to show the direction and strength of association between independent and outcome ***:A total of 610 children participated in this study with a response rate of 98.39%.The prevalence of active trachoma was 132(21.60%;95%CI:18.40-24.70).Family size being 6-9(AOR=2.34;95%CI:1.14-5.02),presence of more than two preschool children in a house(AOR=2.04;95%CI:1.12-3.70),open field waste disposal system(AOR=2.62;95%CI:1.00-6.80)and type of latrine being uncovered(AOR=4.12;95%CI:2.00-8.51)were positively associated with active *** the other side,water consumption being 40-60 liters per day was a protective factor for active ***:The prevalence of active trachoma is high among children aged 1-9 y in Lare *** latrine,open field waste disposal system,family sizes of 6-9,and the presence of more than two preschool children in a house are associated with the occurrence of active *** the other side,water consumption of 40-60 liters is a protective factor.

关键词： active trachoma children Lare District Gambella Regional State Ethiopia

Elevational changes in vascular plants richness, diversity, and distribution pattern in Abune Yosef mountain range, Northern Ethiopia

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Plant Diversity 2019年第4期41卷 220-228页

作者： Kflay Gebrehiwot Sebsebe Demissew Zerihun Woldu Mekbib fekadu Temesgen Desalegn Ermias Teferi Department of Biology Samara UniversityAfarEthiopia Department of Biology Samara UniversityAfarEthiopia Holetta Agricultural Research Center HolettaEthiopia Department of Environmental and Developmental Stxidies Addis AbabaUniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

The aim of this research is to investigate the patterns of vascular plant species richness,diversity,and distribution along an elevation gradient in the Abune Yosef mountain range,*** systematic sampling was employed to collect vegetation and environmental data along the elevation *** found that plant species richness declines monotonically from low to high ***,vascular plant species richness and diversity were lower in the Afroalpine grassland(high elevation)than in the Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Ericaceous forest(low elevations).In contrast,endemic vascular plant richness was significantly higher in the Afroalpine grassland than in the Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Ericaceous *** showed a significant impact on the richness,diversity,and endemism of vascular *** to Sorensen's coefficient,the similarity between Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Ericaceous forest vegetation types is higher(32%)than the similarity between Ericaceous forest and Afroalpine grassland(18%).Only 5%similarity was recorded between the Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Afroalpine *** forms showed different elevationai richness *** and liana increased monotonically up to 3300 *** and herb richness patterns followed a hump-shaped and inverted hump-shaped pattern along the elevation *** elevation patterns of vascular plant species richness,diversity,and growth form in the present study may be attributed to differences in management intensity,spatial heterogeneity,microclimatic variations,and anthropogenic disturbances.

关键词： Afroalpine Church forest Diversity Elevation gradient Plant community Species richness

Prevalence and determinants of active trachoma among preschool-aged children in Dembia District,Northwest Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1136-1142页

作者： Ayanaw Tsega Ferede Abel fekadu Dadi Amare Tariku Akilew Awoke Adane Department of Optometry School of MedicineCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Public HealthCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia Department of Human Nutrition Institute of Public HealthCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia

Background:Trachoma is an infectious eye disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis,which is the leading infectious cause of blindness *** areas where trachoma is endemic,active trachoma is common among preschool-aged children,with varying *** study aimed to estimate the prevalence of active trachoma and associated risk factors among preschool-aged children in Dembia District,northwest ***:A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among preschool-aged children of northwest *** systematic random sampling was used to select 695 *** clinical optometrists subjected each child to an ocular examination and assessed the presence of active *** to face interview using pretested and structured questionnaire were conducted to collect data on possible risk *** cases were graded following a World Health Organization simplified grading *** statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version *** odds ratios(aORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were used to identify factors associated with active ***:Of the 681 preschool-aged children studied,18%(95%CI:15.4%-21.1%)had a prevalence of active *** who had clean faces(absence of nasal and ocular discharges)had a lower chance of having active trachoma[aOR=0.55,95%CI:0.37-0.82].The odds of having active trachoma decreased with an increase in the distance to a water point[aOR=0.51,95%CI:0.33-0.78].Similarly,no or poor utilization of liquid waste disposal in the child’s household was associated with an increased chance of having active trachoma[aOR=3.83,95%CI:1.26-11.61].Conclusion:The prevalence of active trachoma in these preschool-aged children was found to be high and needs special interventions that focus on educating families about proper face washing,liquid waste disposal,and improving safe water supply near the households.

关键词： Active trachoma Cross-sectional study Preschool-aged children northwest Ethiopia

Longevity of Juniperus procera seed lots under different storage conditions: implications for ex situ conservation in seed banks

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第3期22卷 453-459页

作者： Negash Mamo Diriba Nigusie Mulualem Tigabu Demel Teketay Miftah fekadu Ethiopia Agricultural Research Organization Forestry Research Centre P.O.Box 30708 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Tropical Silviculture and Seed Laboratory PO Box 101 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden University of Botswana Okavango Research Institute Private Bag 285 Maun Botswana

Juniperus procera Endl. is economically important timber species, but its populations are extremely small and fragmented in its natural habitat, thus, calling for immediate ex situ conservation. Here we examined the effects of seed sources and storage temperature on the longevity of Juniperus procera seed lots through collection and preservation of seeds in seed banks. Seeds were collected from nine sites across the species natural distribution in Ethiopia and stored in four warehouses： modern cold room （5℃）, mud house （15℃）, concrete block house （17℃ or corrugated iron house （20℃） for 42 months. Every three months, a random sample of stored seeds were drawn and tested for germination. A highly significant variation （p 0.01） in germination of stored seeds was observed among different storage environments, seed lots, and duration of storage. Over the storage period, seeds stored in the cold room had the highest mean percentage germination, followed by the mud house, corrugated house and blocket house. The cold room （41%） and the mud house （38%） maintained the same level of germination as the intitial germination of the seedlotds （42%）. The variation in longevity of stored seeds was significnatly correlated with the initial germination of seed lots （r 0.80; p 0.01）. Cold storage also resulted in enhancement of germination through its stratification effect that terminated the non-deepphysiological dormancy of juniper seeds. In conclusion, seed lots with good initial germination can be effectively stored in cold room （5℃） up to four years. In the absence of modern cold stores, mud houses can be used as a good alternative to store seeds at local level.

关键词： germination African pencil cedar Ethiopia seed zones seed storage