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Intensity and Importance of Competition for a Grass (Festuca rubra) and a Legume (Trifolium pratense) Vary with Environmental Changes

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第12期50卷 1570-1579页

作者： Junyan Zhang Genwei Cheng feihai yu Norbert Kraiuchi Mai-He Li Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL CH-8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland Department of Biology Acadia University Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 Canada Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

How plant competition varies across environmental gradients has been a long debate among ecologists. We conducted a growth chamber experiment to determine the intensity and importance of competition for plants grown in changed environmental conditions. Festuca rubra and Trifolium pratense were grown in monoculture and in two- and/or three- species mixtures under three environmental treatments. The measured competitive variations in terms of growth （height and biomass） were species-dependent. Competition intensity for Festuca increased with decreased productivity, whilst competition importance displayed a humpback response. However, significant response was detected in neither competition intensity nor importance for Trifolium. Intensity and importance of competition followed different response patterns, suggesting that they may not be correlated along an environmental gradient. The biological and physiological variables of plants play an important role to determine the interspecific competition associated with competition intensity and importance. However, the competitive feature can be modified by multiple environmental changes which may increase or hinder how competitive a plant is.

关键词： climate change competition importance competition intensity interspecific interaction species-dependent variation.

Effects of Soil Nutrient Heterogeneity and Earthworms on Aboveground Biomass of Experimental Plant Communities

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第4期90卷 1259-1271页

作者： Simei Yao yu Jin Limin Zhang Ningfei Lei Wei Xue Jinsong Chen Qian Zhang feihai yu College of the Environment Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059China Institute of Wetland Ecology&Clone Ecology Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhou318000China College of Life Science Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu610101China

Soil nutrients are commonly heterogeneously distributed and earthworms are one of the most common soil organisms.While effects of both soil nutrient heterogeneity and earthworms have been well studied,their interactive effect on plant community productivity has rarely been tested.In a greenhouse experiment,we constructed experimental plant communities by sowing seed mixtures of four grasses,two legumes and two forbs in either a heterogeneous soil consisting of low and high nutrient soil patches or a homogeneous soil where the low and high nutrient soil patches were evenly mixed.The earthworm Eisenia fetida was either added to these soils or not.Aboveground biomass of the whole communities,grasses and legumes did not differ between the homogeneous and heterogeneous soils or between the soils with and without earthworms.However,soil nutrient heterogeneity reduced aboveground biomass of forbs,and such an effect did not interact with earthworms.In response to soil heterogeneity and earthworms,biomass ratio of the three functional groups showed similar patterns as that of their biomass.At the patch level,aboveground biomass of the whole community,grasses and legumes were greater in the high than in the low nutrient soil patches within the heterogeneous soil.A similar pattern was found for the forbs,but this was only true in the absence of earthworms.Our results suggest that soil nutrient heterogeneity and earthworms may not influence aboveground biomass of plant communities,despite the fact that they may modify the growth of certain plant functional groups within the community.

关键词： Environmental heterogeneity foraging response functional group plant-animal interaction yield

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植物克隆整合生态效应及潜在应用

生态学报 2024年第5期44卷 2149-2158页

作者：冯欣悦于跃张丽郭海天胡紫薇王建永于飞海东北师范大学草地科学研究所植被生态科学教育部重点实验室吉林松嫩草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站长春130024 台州学院克隆与湿地生态学研究所台州318000

克隆植物因特殊的克隆整合和空间拓展特性,在异质生境下展示出较高的生态适应性及适合度,这是其广泛存在于各类生态系统的一个重要原因。目前对克隆整合在个体或种群水平的生态学效应已有较深认识,而对群落及生态系统的影响及作用机制... 详细信息

克隆植物因特殊的克隆整合和空间拓展特性,在异质生境下展示出较高的生态适应性及适合度,这是其广泛存在于各类生态系统的一个重要原因。目前对克隆整合在个体或种群水平的生态学效应已有较深认识,而对群落及生态系统的影响及作用机制则明显关注不足。前期研究表明,克隆整合对土壤理化性质、根际微生物及个体竞争力均有显著影响,从而有利于克隆植物的成功入侵、生境修复及植被重建等。对群落及生态系统水平的克隆整合生态学效应的研究进行归纳和总结,分析了克隆整合对植物群落结构和生产力、根际微生物和土壤动物、生态系统碳固持、养分循环等的影响;阐释了克隆整合及空间拓展特性对退化生态系统的修复及作用机制,并指出今后克隆整合的研究应同时考虑微观(根际过程)和宏观(群落及生态系统)层次的效应以及短期与长期的效应。可将克隆整合与植物-土壤反馈等其他生态过程相联系,综合探究克隆整合的生态学意义。

关键词：克隆整合根际微生物植物-土壤反馈群落结构及功能生态修复

Responses of Hedysarum Laeve,a guerrilla clonal semi-shrub in the Mu Us Sandland,to local sand burial

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Frontiers in Biology 2007年第4期2卷 431-436页

作者： LIU Fenghong YE Xuehua yu feihai DONG Ming Key Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

In arid and semi-arid inland deserts,one of the environmental stresses for plants is recurrent sand burial,which can influence the physical and biotic microenviron-ments of the plants and soil.Previous studies have shown that different levels of sand burial have different effects on plants.Slight sand burial could increase the height increment,leaf biomass and the number of new ramets of the plants while heavy sand burial could impair the growth of the plants and even decrease their chances of survival.In other words,below a certain threshold level of burial,the growth of plants is stimulated probably because of multiple factors.However,as the level of burial increases,the positive response starts to decline until it becomes a negative value.Arid and semi-arid inland deserts are frequently colonized and stabilized by many rhizomatous clonal plants.Clonal physiological integration often helps clonal plants buffer local environmen-tal stress encountered by ramets.A rhizomatous clonal semi-shrub,Hedysarum laeve(H.laeve),is the dominant plant species and important for vegetation restoration in the Mu Us sandland.To investigate whether clonal integration can increase the threshold of sand burial and help rhizomatous H.laeve tolerate heavy sand burial,we conducted a field experiment.The results showed that slight sand burial could accelerate ramet growth and enhance leaf biomass,stem bio-mass and shoot biomass,while heavy sand burial reducesed the biomass of the plant and impairs survival and growth of the ramets.Clonal integration increased the threshold of sand burial.Under heavy sand burial,ramets connected to other ramets not buried in sand were more in terms of height increment,stem biomass,leaf biomass and shoot biomass compared to the ramets encountering sand burial but disconnected from other ramets.It suggested that clonal physiological integration could help H.laeve ramets tolerate relatively heavy sand burial.We also discussed that clonal integration plays a role in H.laeve presence in the Mu Us sandland.

关键词： Clonal integration Hedysarum laeve Mu Su sandland Sand burial

Modification of Hydration Resistance of SrO with ZrO_(2) Addition

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China's Refractories 2022年第4期31卷 16-21页

作者： CHEN Guangyao LIU Jian yu feihai HOU Xiao FENG Qisheng PENG Jun WANG Enhui HOU Xinmei LU Xionggang LI Chonghe State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel&Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Shanghai Special Casting Engineering Technology Research Center Shanghai 201605China China Northwest Architecture Design and Research Institute Co. LtdXi’an 710018China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Considering the high melting point and high stability of SrO,it has potential applications in the field of the preparation of titanium alloys.To improve the hydration resistance,SrO samples with different ZrO_(2)additions were fabricated after firing at 1750℃for 6 h.The phase,the microstructure,and the hydration resistance of the samples were researched.The results show that the sample with 33 mol%ZrO_(2)addition possesses good hydration resistance with the mass gain after hydration for 13 days of less than 0.42 mass%.The SrO crucible with 33 mol%ZrO_(2)addition does not react with TiNi alloy melt during melting,which provides a support for searching new refractories with good hydration resistance for induction melting titanium alloys.

关键词： strontium oxide hydration resistance titanium-nickel alloy induction melting

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克隆和有性亲体效应及其调控机制

生态学报 2022年第16期42卷 6474-6486页

作者：罗芳丽王沫竹董必成陈禹含于飞海北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院北京100083 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室北京100093 台州学院湿地生态学与克隆生态学研究所/植物进化生态学与保护浙江省重点实验室台州318000

植物表型受自身基因型、所处环境及其亲体所经历环境的共同影响;其中,亲体环境对子代表型的影响被称为亲体效应。亲体效应不仅可通过有性繁殖产生的种子传递给后代(即有性亲体效应),也可以通过克隆生长等无性繁殖产生的分株传递给后代(... 详细信息

植物表型受自身基因型、所处环境及其亲体所经历环境的共同影响;其中,亲体环境对子代表型的影响被称为亲体效应。亲体效应不仅可通过有性繁殖产生的种子传递给后代(即有性亲体效应),也可以通过克隆生长等无性繁殖产生的分株传递给后代(即克隆亲体效应)。亲体效应对植物种群,特别是对有性繁殖受限、缺乏遗传变异的克隆植物种群的长期进化可能发挥着极其重要的作用,因此,对亲体效应研究进展的梳理非常必要。对克隆亲体效应和有性亲体效应的内涵进行了阐释,并论述了克隆和有性亲体效应对子代表型、适合度、种内/种间竞争能力以及种群/群落结构和功能的潜在影响;阐述了亲体效应的潜在调控机制,包括供给机制、代谢物质调控机制、表观遗传机制等;论述了克隆亲体效应在克隆植物适应进化中的作用。未来可以就克隆亲体效应的遗传稳定性及其对克隆生活史性状变异的贡献程度,以及克隆和有性亲体效应引起的表型多样性对种内/种间关系、种群/群落多样性及生态系统结构、功能和稳定性的影响开展深入研究。

关键词：克隆植物母代效应跨代可塑性表观遗传变异表型变异

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武术教学对大学生身心健康的促进作用研究

体育科技文献通报 2017年第11期25卷 83-84,94页

作者：余飞海南阳医学高等专科学校体育教学部河南南阳473000

武术在强身健体、调节心境方面的作用得到了广泛的认同。本研究采用实验法对武术教学在大学生身心健康方面的促进作用进行检验,选取21名大二学生进行为期15周的武术课程教学,在实验前后分别对被试的肺活量、握力、立定跳远、台阶试验等... 详细信息

武术在强身健体、调节心境方面的作用得到了广泛的认同。本研究采用实验法对武术教学在大学生身心健康方面的促进作用进行检验,选取21名大二学生进行为期15周的武术课程教学,在实验前后分别对被试的肺活量、握力、立定跳远、台阶试验等体质指标进行测量,采用《症状自评量表SCL-90》对被试实验前后心理健康指标进行测量。结果表明:在实验前后男女大学生的各项体质指标均显著提高,其焦虑、抑郁、强迫症状、躯体化上的得分武术教学后相比武术教学前明显下降,说明武术教学对大学生身心健康具有积极的促进作用。

关键词：武术教学大学生身心健康作用

根茎型植物扁秆荆三棱对光照强度和养分水平的生长响应及资源分配策略

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生态学报 2016年第24期36卷 8091-8101页

作者：王沫竹董必成李红丽于飞海北京林业大学自然保护区学院北京100083

自然界中光照和养分因子常存在时空变化,对植物造成选择压力。克隆植物可通过克隆生长和生物量分配的可塑性来适应环境变化。尽管一些研究关注了克隆植物对光照和养分因子的生长响应,但尚未深入全面了解克隆植物对光照和养分资源投资的... 详细信息

自然界中光照和养分因子常存在时空变化,对植物造成选择压力。克隆植物可通过克隆生长和生物量分配的可塑性来适应环境变化。尽管一些研究关注了克隆植物对光照和养分因子的生长响应,但尚未深入全面了解克隆植物对光照和养分资源投资的分配策略。以根茎型草本克隆植物扁秆荆三棱(Bolboschoenus planiculmis)为研究对象,在温室实验中,将其独立分株种植于由2种光照强度(光照和遮阴)和4种养分水平(对照、低养分、中养分和高养分)交叉组成的8种处理组合中,研究了光照和养分对其生长繁殖及资源贮存策略的影响。结果表明,扁秆荆三棱的生长、无性繁殖及资源贮存性状均受到光照强度的显著影响,在遮阴条件下各生长繁殖性状指标被抑制。且构件的数目、长度等特征对养分差异的可塑性响应先于其生物量积累特征。在光照条件下,高养分处理的总生物量、叶片数、总根茎分株数、长根茎分株数、总根茎长、芽长度、芽数量等指标大于其他养分处理,而在遮阴条件下,其在不同养分处理间无显著差异,表明光照条件可影响养分对扁秆荆三棱可塑性的作用,且高营养水平不能补偿由于光照不足而导致的生长能力下降。光照强度显著影响了总根茎、总球茎及大、中、小球茎的生物量分配,遮阴条件下,总生物量减少了对地下部分根茎和球茎的分配,并将有限的生物量优先分配给小球茎。总根茎的生物量分配未对养分发生可塑性反应,而随着养分增加,总球茎分配下降,说明在养分受限的环境中球茎的贮存功能可缓冲资源缺乏对植物生长的影响。在相同条件下,根茎生物量对长根茎的分配显著大于短根茎,以保持较高的繁殖能力;而总球茎对有分株球茎的生物量分配小于无分株球茎,表明扁秆荆三棱总球茎对贮存功能的分配优先于繁殖功能。研究为进一步理解根茎型克隆植物对光强及基质养分环境变化的生态适应提供了依据。

关键词：生物量分配克隆植物球茎构件等级可塑性根茎

青藏高原高寒草甸门源草原毛虫取食偏好及其与植物C、N含量的关系

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生态学报 2016年第8期36卷 2319-2326页

作者：郑莉莉宋明华尹谭凤于飞海北京林业大学自然保护区学院北京100083 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101

草食性昆虫对不同植物物种的取食存在偏好,这种取食偏好可能受其自身对蛋白质和碳水化合物的需求及二者平衡的调节。以青藏高原高寒矮嵩草草甸31种常见植物及门源草原毛虫为对象,通过饲喂实验,研究了草食性昆虫对不同物种和不同功能群... 详细信息

草食性昆虫对不同植物物种的取食存在偏好,这种取食偏好可能受其自身对蛋白质和碳水化合物的需求及二者平衡的调节。以青藏高原高寒矮嵩草草甸31种常见植物及门源草原毛虫为对象,通过饲喂实验,研究了草食性昆虫对不同物种和不同功能群植物的取食偏好,及其与植物叶片C、N含量和C∶N之间的关系。在31种植物中,门源草原毛虫对19种植物进行了取食,尤其对矮嵩草、红棕薹草、藏异燕麦和垂穗披碱草四种植物表现出强烈的取食偏好,而对另外12种植物未进行任何取食。在物种水平上,门源草原毛虫取食量与植物叶片N含量呈显著负相关,与叶片C∶N呈正相关。从功能群水平上看,门源草原毛虫对莎草类的取食偏好最大,而对豆科植物取食偏好最低;相应地,莎草类植物叶片N含量最低、C∶N最高,而豆科植物叶片N含量最高、C∶N最低。因此,即使在土壤有效氮匮乏、植物生长受氮素限制的高寒草甸生态系统,植物体内N含量的增加也可能不利于草食性昆虫的取食。门源草原毛虫对优势植物矮嵩草和垂穗披碱草的取食对高寒矮嵩草草甸物种共存和生物多样性维持可能具有重要的作用。

关键词：草食性昆虫适口性植物功能群取食行为高山植物幼虫