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Association between new onset type 1 diabetes and real-world antibiotics and neonicotinoids’exposure-related gut microbiota perturbation

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第10期18卷 671-679页

作者： Zhen-Ran Xu Xiao-Xiao Yuan Rui-Min Chen Hai-Yan Wei Lin-Qi Chen hong-Wei Du Gui-Mei Li Yu Yang Xiao-Juan Chen Xin Fang fei-hong luo Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases National Children’s Medical CenterChildren’s Hospital of Fudan University399 Wan Yuan RoadShanghai201102China Fuzhou Children’s Hospitai of Fujian Medical University FuzhouChina Department of Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina Children’s Hospital of Soochow University SuzhouChina The First Hospital of Jilin University ChangchunJilinChina Department of Pediatric Endocrinology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang University NanchangChina Department of Endocrinology Genetics and MetabolismThe Children’s Hospital of Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuanChina Fujian Medical University Union Hospital FuzhouChina

Background The real-world exposure levels of non-therapeutic antibiotics and neonicotinoids in type 1 diabetes(T1D)children and their associations as environmental triggers through gut microbiota shifts remained unknown.We thus investigated the antibiotics and neonicotinoids’exposure levels and their associations with gut microbiota in pediatric T1D.Methods Fifty-one newly onset T1D children along with 67 age-matched healthy controls were recruited.Urine concentrations of 28 antibiotics and 12 neonicotinoids were measured by mass spectrometry.Children were grouped according to the kinds of antibiotics’and neonicotinoids’exposures,respectively.The 16S rRNA of fecal gut microbiota was sequenced,and the correlation with urine antibiotics and neonicotinoids’concentrations was analyzed.Results The overall detection rates of antibiotics were 72.5%and 61.2%among T1D and healthy children,whereas the neonicotinoids detection rates were 70.6%and 52.2%(P=0.044).Children exposed to one kind of antibiotic or two or more kinds of neonicotinoids had higher risk of T1D,with the odd ratios of 2.579 and 3.911.Furthermore,co-exposure to antibiotics and neonicotinoids was associated with T1D,with the odd ratio of 4.924.Antibiotics or neonicotinoids exposure did not affect overall richness and diversity of gut microbiota.However,children who were exposed to neither antibiotics nor neonicotinoids had higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae than children who were exposed to antibiotics and neonicotinoids alone or together.Conclusion High antibiotics and neonicotinoids exposures were found in T1D children,and they were associated with changes in gut microbiota featured with lower abundance of butyrate-producing genera,which might increase the risk of T1D.

关键词： Antibiotics Gut microbiota Neonicotinoids Type 1 diabetes mellitus

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Early recombinant human growth hormone treatment improves mental development and alleviates deterioration of motor function in infants and young children with Prader–Willi syndrome

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期19卷 438-449页

作者： Ruo-Qian Cheng Yan-Qin Ying Zheng-Qing Qiu Jun-Fen Fu Chun-Xiu Gong Yan-Ling Yang Wei Shi Hui Li Ming-Sheng Ma Chang-Yan Wang Min Liu Jia-Jia Chen Chang Su Xiao-Ping luo fei-hong luo Wei Lu Department of Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases National Children’s Medical CenterChildren’s Hospital of Fudan University399 Wan Yuan RoadShanghai201102China Department of Pediatrics Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Pediatrics Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of Endocrinology Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of Endocrinology Genetics and MetabolismBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Pediatrics Peking University First HospitalBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation National Children’s Medical CenterChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Background Recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH)therapy has shown to improve height and body composition in children with Prader–Willi syndrome(PWS),the evidence of early rhGH treatment on motor and mental development is still accumulating.This study explored the time effect on psychomotor development,anthropometric indexes,and safety for infants and young children with PWS.Methods A phase 3,single-arm,multicenter,self-controlled study was conducted in six sites.Patients received rhGH at 0.5 mg/m2/day for first four weeks,and 1 mg/m2/day thereafter for up to 52 weeks.Motor development was measured using Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-second edition,mental development using Griffiths Development Scales-Chinese(GDS-C).Height standard deviation score(SDS),body weight SDS,and body mass index(BMI)SDS were also assessed.Results Thirty-five patients were enrolled totally.Significant improvements were observed in height,body weight,and BMI SDS at week 52;GDS-C score showed significant improvement in general quotient(GQ)and sub-quotients.In a linear regression analysis,total motor quotient(TMQ),gross motor quotient(GMQ),and fine motor quotient were negatively correlated with age;however,treatment may attenuate deterioration of TMQ and GMQ.Changes in GQ and locomotor sub-quotient in<9-month group were significantly higher than≥9-month group.Mild to moderate severity adverse drug reactions were reported in six patients.Conclusion Fifty-two-week treatment with rhGH improved growth,BMI,mental development,and lessened the deterioration of motor function in infants and young children with PWS.Improved mental development was more pronounced when instituted in patients<9 months old.

关键词： Body mass index Growth hormone Mental development Motor development Prader-Willi syndrome

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Clinical characteristics and beta-cell function of Chinese children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes from 2009 to 2018

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第4期15卷 405-411页

作者： Zhen-Ran Xu Miao-Ying Zhang Jin-Wen Ni Ruo-Qian Cheng Zhang-Qian Zheng Li Xi fei-hong luo Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases Children's Hospital of Fudan University399 Wan Yuan RoadShanghai 201102China

Background The limited available studies have unveiled different natural histories and prognosis associated with pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D) and adult T2D.To date,data on the clinical features,metabolic profiles and beta-cell function characteristics are still limited in the Chinese pediatric T2D population.Methods A total of 56 children with T2D,31 with prediabetes and 159 with obesity were recruited.Clinical characteristics,metabolic profiles,beta-cell function and insulin resistance were analyzed.Results The mean onset age of T2D was 12.35 ± 1.99 (7.9-17.8) years,and 7% of children were younger than 10 years;55% of them were male,57% had a family history of diabetes and 64% had classic symptoms,and 25% had a low or high birth weight.89% of T2D patients were obese or overweight.A total of 58% of the patients with prediabetes were male.The fast serum C-peptide level was highest in the obesity group (P < 0.001),and there was no significant difference between the T2D and prediabetes groups.The mean homeostatic model of assessment of beta-cell function was the highest in the obesity group and was lowest in the T2D group (P < 0.00 1).The T2D group had the most serious lipid metabolism disorder,with the highest levels of total triglycerides,total cholesterol,and low density lipoprotein and the lowest high density lipoprotein level among the three groups.Conclusions A younger onset age and greater male susceptibility were found in Chinese pediatric T2D patients,and there was a stepwise deterioration trend in beta-cell function among patients with obesity,prediabetes and T2D.Based on our results,together with the SEARCH study results,an early screening and intervention program for T2D is recommended in high-risk or obese Chinese pediatric populations starting at 7 years.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus,type 2 Obesity Prediabetic state

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Association of β-cell function and insulin resistance with pediatric type 2 diabetes among Chinese children

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第8期12卷 1292-1303页

作者： Zhen-Ran Xu hong-Wei Du Lan-Wei Cui Rong-Xiu Zheng Gui-Mei Li Hai-Yan Wei fei-Yu Lu Li-Li Chen Chu-Shan Wu Shu-Xin Zhang Shu-Le Zhang Fang Liu Miao-Ying Zhang Zhou Pei Cheng-Jun Sun Jing Wu fei-hong luo Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases National Children’s Medical CenterChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021Jilin ProvinceChina Department of Pediatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001Heilongjiang ProvinceChina Department of Pediatrics Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052China Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology Henan Children's HospitalZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND In addition to insulin resistance,impaired insulin secretion has recently been identified as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Scarce clinical data exist for pediatric T2DM.AIM To investigate the association ofβ-cell function and insulin resistance with pediatric T2DM in the first Chinese multicenter study.METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional study included 161 newly diagnosed T2DM children and adolescents between January 2017 and October 2019.Children with normal glycemic levels(n=1935)were included as healthy control subjects.The homeostasis models(HOMAs)were used to assess theβ-cell function(HOMA2-%B)and insulin resistance(HOMA2-IR)levels.The HOMA index was standardized by sex and age.We performed logistic regression analysis to obtain odds ratios(ORs)for T2DM risk using the standardized HOMA index,adjusted for confounding factors including sex,Tanner stage,T2DM family history,body mass index z-score,and lipid profile.RESULTS The male-female ratio of newly diagnosed T2DM patients was 1.37:1(OR=2.20,P=0.011),and the mean ages of onset for boys and girls were 12.5±1.9 years and 12.3±1.7 years,respectively.The prevalence of related comorbidities including obesity,elevated blood pressure,and dyslipidemia was 58.2%,53.2%,and 80.0%,respectively.The T2DM group had lower HOMA2-%B levels(P<0.001)and higher HOMA2-IR levels(P<0.001)than the control group.Both the decrease in HOMA2-%B z-score(OR=8.40,95%CI:6.40-11.02,P<0.001)and the increase in HOMA2-IR z-score(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.60-2.02,P<0.001)were associated with a higher risk of T2DM,and the decrease in HOMA2-%B z-score always had higher ORs than the increase in HOMA2-IR z-score after adjusting for confounding factors.CONCLUSION Besides insulin resistance,β-cell function impairment is also strongly associated with Chinese pediatric T2DM.Gender difference in susceptibility and high comorbidities warrant specific T2DM screening and prevention strategies in Chinese children.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Type 2 β-cell dysfunction Insulin resistance Adolescent Homeostasis models

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Homoclinic Solutions for a Class of Perturbed Fractional Hamiltonian Systems with Subquadratic Conditions

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第5期40卷 1177-1196页

作者： Ying luo fei GUO Yan LIU School of Mathematics Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P.R.China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Tianjin300354P.R.China

In this paper,we consider the following perturbed fractional Hamiltonian systems{tD_(∞)^(α)(_(-∞)D_(t)^(α)u(t))+L(t)u(t)=■_(u)W(t,u(t))+■(u)G(t,u(t)),t∈R,u∈H^(α)(R,R^(N)),whereα∈(1/2,1],L∈C(R,R^(N×N))is symmetric and not necessarily required to be positive definite,W∈C1(R×R^(N,R))is locally subquadratic and locally even near the origin,and perturbed term G∈C1(R×R^(N,R))maybe has no parity in u.Utilizing the perturbed method improved by the authors,a sequence of nontrivial homo clinic solutions is obtained,which generalizes previous results.

关键词： Perturbed fractional Hamiltonian systems subquadratic condition perturbed method homoclinic solutions multiplicity

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Values of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and 10-2 visual field measurements in detecting and evaluating glaucoma

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 852-860页

作者： Hai-Jian Hu Ping Li Bin Tong Yu-Lian Pang hong-Dou luo fei-fei Wang Chan Xiong Yu-Lin Yu Hai He Xu Zhang Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceJiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic DiseaseJiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesNanchang 330006Jiangxi ProvinceChina Wuhan Children’s Hospital(Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science&TechnologyWuhan 430015Hubei ProvinceChina

AIM:To assess the performance of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness(mGCIPLT)and 10-2 visual field(VF)parameters in detecting early glaucoma and evaluating the severity of advanced glaucoma.METHODS:Totally 127 eyes from 89 participants(36 eyes of 19 healthy participants,45 eyes of 31 early glaucoma patients and 46 eyes of 39 advanced glaucoma patients)were included.The relationships between the optical coherence tomography(OCT)-derived parameters and VF sensitivity were determined.Patients with early glaucoma were divided into eyes with or without central 10°of the VF damages(CVFDs),and the diagnostic performances of OCT-derived parameters were assessed.RESULTS:In early glaucoma,the mGCIPLT was significantly correlated with 10-2 VF pattern standard deviation(PSD;with average mGCIPLT:β=-0.046,95%CI,-0.067 to-0.024,P<0.001).In advanced glaucoma,the mGCIPLT was related to the 24-2 VF mean deviation(MD;with average mGCIPLT:β=0.397,95%CI,0.199 to 0.595,P<0.001),10-2 VF MD(with average mGCIPLT:β=0.762,95%CI,0.485 to 1.038,P<0.001)and 24-2 VF PSD(with average mGCIPLT:β=0.244,95%CI,0.124 to 0.364,P<0.001).Except for the minimum and superotemporal mGCIPLT,the decrease of mGCIPLT in early glaucomatous eyes with CVFDs was more severe than that of early glaucomatous eyes without CVFDs.The area under the curve(AUC)of the average mGCIPLT(AUC=0.949,95%CI,0.868 to 0.982)was greater than that of the average circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(cpRNFLT;AUC=0.827,95%CI,0.674 to 0.918)and rim area(AUC=0.799,95%CI,0.610 to 0.907)in early glaucomatous eyes with CVFDs versus normal eyes.CONCLUSION:The 10-2 VF and mGCIPLT parameters are complementary to 24-2 VF,cpRNFLT and ONH parameters,especially in detecting early glaucoma with CVFDs and evaluating the severity of advanced glaucoma in group level.

关键词： 10-2 visual field ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer retinal nerve fiber layer thickness glaucoma

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Microstructure and magnetocaloric properties of melt-extracted SmGdDyCoAl high-entropy amorphous microwires

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1234-1242页

作者： Shi-Jie Wei hong-Xian Shen Lun-Yong Zhang Lin luo Xin-Xing Tang Jian-fei Sun Xiao-Qing Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Applied Materials Physics Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKTH-Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden

This paper presents a systematic investigation of the microstructure and magnetocaloric properties of melt-extracted Sm_(20)Gd_(20)Dy_(20)Co_(20)Al_(20)high-entropy microwires.The fabricated wires exhibited an amorphous structure,and the temperature interval of the undercooled liquid AT was 45 K.The microwires underwent a second-order magnetic transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state near the Curie temperature(T_(C)=52 K),The maximum magnetic entropy change(-ΔS_M^(max)),the relative cooling power and the refrigeration capacity reached 6.34 J·kg^(-1)·K^(-1).422.09 J·kg^(-1)and 332.94 J·kg^(-1),respectively,under a magnetic field change of 5 T.In addition,the temperature-averaged entropy changes with two temperature lifts(3 and 10 K)were 6.32 and 6.27 J·kg^(-1)·K^(-1),respectively.The good magnetocalorie performance highlights the significant potential for the Sm_(20)Gd_(20)Dy_(20)Co_(20)Al_(20)microwires to be used as magnetic refrigerant materials in low-temperature region applications.This work will serve as a valuable reference for future investigations on low-temperature high-entropy magnetocaloric materials.

关键词： Melt-extraction High-entropy amorphous microwires Magnetocaloric effect Magnetic refrigeration

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3D robust anisotropic diffusion filtering algorithm for sparse view neutron computed tomography 3D image reconstruction

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 13-29页

作者： Yang Liu Teng-fei Zhu Zhi luo Xiao-Ping Ouyang School of Nuclear Science and Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Xi’an 710024China

The most critical part of a neutron computed tomography(NCT) system is the image processing algorithm,which directly affects the quality and speed of the reconstructed images.Various types of noise in the system can degrade the quality of the reconstructed images.Therefore,to improve the quality of the reconstructed images of NCT systems,efficient image processing algorithms must be used.The anisotropic diffusion filtering(ADF) algorithm can not only effectively suppress the noise in the projection data,but also preserve the image edge structure information by reducing the diffusion at the image edges.Therefore,we propose the application of the ADF algorithm for NCT image reconstruction.To compare the performance of different algorithms in NCT systems,we reconstructed images using the ordered subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique(OS-SART) algorithm with different regular terms as image processing algorithms.In the iterative reconstruction,we selected two image processing algorithms,the Total Variation and split Bregman solved total variation algorithms,for comparison with the performance of the ADF algorithm.Additionally,the filtered back-projection algorithm was used for comparison with an iterative algorithm.By reconstructing the projection data of the numerical and clock models,we compared and analyzed the effects of each algorithm applied in the NCT system.Based on the reconstruction results,OS-SART-ADF outperformed the other algorithms in terms of denoising,preserving the edge structure,and suppressing artifacts.For example,when the 3D Shepp–Logan was reconstructed at 25 views,the root mean square error of OS-SART-ADF was the smallest among the four iterative algorithms,at only 0.0292.The universal quality index,mean structural similarity,and correlation coefficient of the reconstructed image were the largest among all algorithms,with values of 0.9877,0.9878,and 0.9887,respectively.

关键词： NCT OS-SART Sparse-view Anisotropic diffusion filtering

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Should we perform sigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer screening in people under 45 years?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1248-1255页

作者： Waiian Leong Jia-Qi Guo Chun Ning fei-fei luo Rui Jiao Dong-Ye Yang Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Accident&Emergency The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Anatomical Pathology The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053Guangdong ProvinceChina Endoscopy Center The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053Guangdong ProvinceChin

BACKGROUND The strategy for preventing colorectal cancer is screening by colonoscopy,which offers a direct way for detection and removal of adenomatous polyps(APs).American College of Gastroenterology guidelines recommend that people aged≥45 years should undergo colonoscopy;however,how to deal with people aged≤45 years is still unknown.AIM To compare the prevalence of APs and high-grade neoplasia between the left and right colon in patients≤45 years.METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted at a single tertiary III hospital in China.This study included patients aged 18-45 years with undergoing initial colonoscopy dissection and pathological diagnosis AP or high-grade neoplasia between February 2014 and January 2021.The number of APs in the entire colon while screening and post-polypectomy surveillance in following 1-3 years were evaluated.RESULTS A total of 3053 cases were included.The prevalence of APs in the left and right colon was 55.0%and 41.6%,respectively(OR 1.7,95%CI 1.6-2.4;P3 polyps(14.1%;OR 0.3,95%CI 0.1-0.6;P<0.05).CONCLUSION This study suggests that flexible sigmoidoscopy would be an optimal approach for initial screening in people aged≤45 years and would be a more cost-effective and safe strategy.

关键词： Adenomatous polyps High-grade neoplasia Colonoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy

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Basic Survey Scheduling for the Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 59-69页

作者： Yan-Peng Chen Ji-An Jiang Wen-Tao luo Xian-Zhong Zheng Min Fang Chao Yang Yuan-Yu hong Zong-fei Lü Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration LaboratoryHefei 230026China

Aiming at improving the survey efficiency of the Wide Field Survey Telescope, we have developed a basic scheduling strategy that takes into account the telescope characteristics, observing conditions, and weather conditions at the Lenghu site. The sky area is divided into rectangular regions, referred to as “tiles,” with a size of2°. 577 × 2°. 634 slightly smaller than the focal area of the mosaic CCDs. These tiles are continuously filled in annulars parallel to the equator. The brightness of the sky background, which varies with the moon phase and distance from the moon, plays a significant role in determining the accessible survey fields. Approximately 50connected tiles are grouped into one block for observation. To optimize the survey schedule, we perform simulations by taking into account the length of exposures, data readout, telescope slewing, and all relevant observing conditions. We utilize the Greedy Algorithm for scheduling optimization. Additionally, we propose a dedicated dithering pattern to cover the gaps between CCDs and the four corners of the mosaic CCD array, which are located outside of the 3° field of view. This dithering pattern helps to achieve relatively uniform exposure maps for the final survey outputs.

关键词： telescopes surveys Moon

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