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Plate tectonics in the twenty-first century

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第1期66卷 1-40页

作者： Yong-fei zheng CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments Hefei 230026China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Plate tectonics was originally established as a kinematic theory of global tectonics,in which the Earth’s rigid outer layer,the lithosphere,consists of different size plates that move relative to each other along divergent,convergent or transform boundaries overlying the ductile *** comprises three elements:rigid lithosphere plates,ductile asthenosphere,and coupled movement *** operates through the interlinked processes of continental drift,seafloor spreading and lithospheric subduction,resulting in the generation,modification and demise of lithospheres throughout geological *** system of lithospheric plates in horizontal and vertical movements forms the spatiotemporal linkages of matter and energy between the surface and interior of Earth,advancing the kinematic theory with a dynamic *** top-down tectonics through lithospheric subduction plays a key role in the operation of plate tectonics,it is balanced for the conservation of both mass and momentum on the spherical Earth by bottom-up tectonics through asthenospheric upwelling to yield seafloor spreading after continental *** gravity-driven subduction of cool lithosphere proceeds through convergence between two plates on one side,and rollback of the subducting slab makes the vacancy for upwelling of the hotter asthenosphere to form active rifting in backarc *** convergence is coupled with plate divergence between two plates along mid-ocean ridges on the other side,inducing passive rifting for seafloor spreading as a remote ***,plate tectonics is recognizable in rock records produced by tectonic processes along divergent and convergent plate *** the asthenospheric upwelling along fossil suture zones may result in continental breakup,seafloor spreading is only induced by gravitational pull of the subducting oceanic slab on the remote ***,the onset and operation of plate tectonics are associated with a series of plate divergent-con

关键词： Continental breakup Seafloor spreading Oceanic subduction Continental collision Lithospheric thinning Asthenospheric upwelling

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Subduction zone geochemistry

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1223-1254页

作者： Yong-fei zheng CAS Key Labaratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China

Crustal recycling at convergent plate boundaries is essential to mantle ***,crustal signatures in the mantle source of basaltic rocks above subduction zones were primarily incorporated in the form of liquid rather than solid *** physicochemical property of liquid phases is determined by the dehydration behavior of crustal rocks at the slab-mantle interface in subduction *** of the significant fractionation in incompatible trace elements but the full inheritance in radiogenic isotopes relative to their crustal sources,the production of liquid phases is crucial to the geochemical transfer from the subducting crust into the *** this process,the stability of specific minerals in subducting crustal rocks exerts a primary control on the enrichment of given trace elements in the liquid *** this reason,geochemically enriched oceanic basalts can be categorized into two types in terms of their trace element distribution patterns in the primitive mantle-normalized *** is island arc basalts(IAB),showing enrichment in LILE,Pb and LREE but depletion in HFSE such as Nb and Ta relative to HREE,The other is ocean island basalts(OIB),exhibiting enrichment in LILE and LREE,enrichment or non-depletion in HFSE but depletion in Pb relative to *** either types,these basalts show the enhanced enrichment of LILE and LREE with increasing their incompatibility relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB).The thermal regime of subduction zones can be categorized into two stages in both time and space,The first stage is characterized by compressional tectonism at low thermal *** a consequence,metamorphic dehydration of the subducting crust prevails at forearc to subarc depths due to the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as mica and amphibole in the stability field of garnet and rutile,resulting in the liberation of aqueous solutions with the trace element composition that is considerably enriched in LILE,Pb and LREE bu

关键词： Subduction zone Basalts Element mobility Geochemical differentiation Crustal metasomatism Mantle geochemistry

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INTERACTION MODELS FOR EFFECTIVE THERMAL AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITIES OF CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2009年第1期22卷 1-17页

作者： fei Deng Quanshui zheng Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The present article provides supplementary information of previous works of analytic models for predicting conductivity enhancements of carbon nanotube composites. The models, though fairly simple, are able to take account of the effects of conductivity anisotropy, nonstraightness, and aspect ratio of the CNT additives on the conductivity enhancement of the composite and to give predictions agreeing well with existing experimental data. The omitted detailed derivation of this model is demonstrated in the present article with a more systematical analysis, which may help with further development in this direction. Furthermore, the effects of various orientation distributions of CNTs are reported here for the first time. The information may be useful in design or fabrication technology of CNT composites for better or specified conductivities.

关键词： thermal conductivity electric conductivity carbon nanotube composite interaction effective models

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Simulating Eastern-and Central-Pacific Type ENSO Using a Simple Coupled Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第6期35卷 671-681页

作者： Xianghui FANG fei zheng Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan University International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

Severe biases exist in state-of-the-art general circulation models（GCMs） in capturing realistic central-Pacific（CP） El Nino structures. At the same time, many observational analyses have emphasized that thermocline（TH） feedback and zonal advective（ZA） feedback play dominant roles in the development of eastern-Pacific（EP） and CP El Nino-Southern Oscillation（ENSO）, respectively. In this work, a simple linear air-sea coupled model, which can accurately depict the strength distribution of the TH and ZA feedbacks in the equatorial Pacific, is used to investigate these two types of El Nino. The results indicate that the model can reproduce the main characteristics of CP ENSO if the TH feedback is switched off and the ZA feedback is retained as the only positive feedback, confirming the dominant role played by ZA feedback in the development of CP ENSO. Further experiments indicate that, through a simple nonlinear control approach, many ENSO characteristics,including the existence of both CP and EP El Nino and the asymmetries between El Nino and La Nina, can be successfully captured using the simple linear air-sea coupled model. These analyses indicate that an accurate depiction of the climatological sea surface temperature distribution and the related ZA feedback, which are the subject of severe biases in GCMs, is very important in simulating a realistic CP El Nino.

关键词： central-Pacific El Nino eastern-Pacific El Nino simple coupled model simulation asymmetry

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EBSD parameter assessment and constitutive models of crept HR3C austenitic steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第4期30卷 772-781页

作者： Jie Zhang zheng-fei Hu Zhen Zhang Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 201804China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing 211167JiangsuChina

Creep damage and evolution of HR3C steel at 650℃ were investigated using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and EBSD-based parameter assessments were *** analyses show that the grain size is almost unchanged and no obvious texture formed after creep at different creep *** lowest proportion of low Σ coincidence site lattice grain boundaries under 150 MPa implies that the primary twin structures are preserved under the low stress level,while some twin structures evolved into general grain boundaries at the high creep *** main damage features of microcracks and cavities can be seen along the grain boundaries:the former emerged at higher stress levels,while the latter appeared at the lower stress level,and both were shown under medium *** contrast shows that the most severe creep damage is present at 170 *** implies that the creep mechanism differs distinctly under different stress levels,and the transition point is around 170 *** average misorientation is better to describe the local plastic deformation related to the strain distribution while grain reference orientation deviation describes the inhomogeneous strain *** lifetime prediction models including the isothermal method,Larson-Miller parameter method and Monkman–Grant relation were evaluated by the experimental data and literature data,and they are valid for predicting creep behavior.

关键词： Austenitic heat-resistant steel Creep damage Electron backscatter diffraction Creep constitutive model Creep lifetime prediction

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Contrasting the Skills and Biases of Deterministic Predictions for the Two Types of El Nio

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第12期34卷 1395-1403页

作者： fei zheng Jin-Yi YU International Center for Climate and Environment Science Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Earth System Science University of California

The tropical Pacific has begun to experience a new type of El Nio, which has occurred particularly frequently during the last decade, referred to as the central Pacific(CP) El Nio. Various coupled models with different degrees of complexity have been used to make real-time El Nio predictions, but high uncertainty still exists in their forecasts. It remains unknown as to how much of this uncertainty is specifically related to the new CP-type El Nio and how much is common to both this type and the conventional Eastern Pacific(EP)-type El Nio. In this study, the deterministic performance of an El Nio–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) ensemble prediction system is examined for the two types of El Nio. Ensemble hindcasts are run for the nine EP El Nio events and twelve CP El Nio events that have occurred since 1950. The results show that(1) the skill scores for the EP events are significantly better than those for the CP events, at all lead times;(2) the systematic forecast biases come mostly from the prediction of the CP events; and(3) the systematic error is characterized by an overly warm eastern Pacific during the spring season, indicating a stronger spring prediction barrier for the CP El Nio. Further improvements to coupled atmosphere–ocean models in terms of CP El Nio prediction should be recognized as a key and high-priority task for the climate prediction community.

关键词： ENSO EP El Nio CP El Nio prediction skill systematic bias spring prediction barrier

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Intermodel Diversity of Simulated Long-term Changes in the Austral Winter Southern Annular Mode:Role of the Southern Ocean Dipole

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第3期38卷 375-386页

作者： fei zheng Jianping LI Shuailei YAO State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 10029China Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)/Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science

The Southern Annular Mode(SAM)plays an important role in regulating Southern Hemisphere extratropical ***-of-the-art models exhibit intermodel spread in simulating long-term changes in the *** from Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project(AMIP)experiments from 28 models archived in CMIP5 show that the intermodel spread in the linear trend in the austral winter(June−July−August)SAM is significant,with an intermodel standard deviation of 0.28(10 yr)−1,larger than the multimodel ensemble mean of 0.18(10 yr)−*** study explores potential factors underlying the model difference from the aspect of extratropical sea surface temperature(SST).Extratropical SST anomalies related to the SAM exhibit a dipole-like structure between middle and high latitudes,referred to as the Southern Ocean Dipole(SOD).The role of SOD-like SST anomalies in influencing the SAM is found in the AMIP *** performance in simulating the SAM trend is linked with model skill in reflecting the SOD−SAM *** with stronger linkage between the SOD and the SAM tend to simulate a stronger SAM *** explained variance is about 40%in the AMIP *** results suggest improved simulation of the SOD−SAM relationship may help reproduce long-term changes in the SAM.

关键词： Southern Annular Mode Southern Ocean Dipole intermodel spread air−sea interactions

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Influence of the Preceding Austral Summer Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode on the Amplitude of ENSO Decay

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第11期34卷 1358-1379页

作者： fei zheng Jianping LI Ruiqiang DING State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technologyqingdao 266237China Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information Technologychengdu 610103China

There is increasing evidence of the possible role of extratropical forcing in the evolution of ENSO. The Southern Hemi- sphere Annular Mode （SAM） is the dominant mode of atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. This study shows that the austral summer （December-January-February; DJF） SAM may also influence the amplitude of ENSO decay during austral autumn （March-April-May; MAM）. The mechanisms associated with this SAM-ENSO relationship can be briefly summarized as follows： The SAM is positively （negatively） correlated with SST in the Southern Hemisphere middle （high） latitudes. This dipole-like SST anomaly pattern is referred to as the Southern Ocean Dipole （SOD）. The DJF SOD, caused by the DJF SAM, could persist until MAM and then influence atmospheric circulation, including trade winds, over the Nifio3.4 area. Anomalous trade winds and SST anomalies over the Nifio3.4 area related to the DJF SAM are further developed through the Bjerkness feedback, which eventually results in a cooling （warming） over the Nifio3.4 area followed by the positive （negative） DJF SAM.

关键词： Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode ENSO Southern Ocean Dipole

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ENSO Variability Simulated by a Coupled General Circulation Model:ECHAM5/MPI-OM

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2014年第5期7卷 471-475页

作者： zheng fei International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The accurate simulation of the equatorial sea surlhce temperature （SST） variability is crucial for a proper representation or prediction of the El Nino-Southern Os- cillation （ENSO）. This paper describes the tropical variability simulated by the Max Planck Institute （MPI） forr meteorology coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model （CGCM）. A control simulation with pre-industrial greenhouse gases is analyzed, and the simulation of key oceanic features, such as SST, is compared with observa- tions. Results from the 400-yr control simulation show that the model＇s ENSO variability is quite realistic in terms of structure, strength, and period. Also, two related features （the annual cycle of SST and the-phase locking of ENSO events）, which are significant in determining the model＇s performance of realistic ENSO prediction, are further validated to be well reproduced by the MPI cli mate model, which is an atmospheric model ECHAM5 （which fuses the EC tbr European Center and HAM for Hamburg） coupled to an MPI ocean model （MPI-OM）, ECHAMS/MPI-OM.

关键词： ENSO variability CGCM ECHAM5/MPI-OM

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Effects of interannual salinity variability on the dynamic height in the western equatorial Pacific as diagnosed by Argo

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第5期34卷 22-28页

作者： zheng fei WANG Hui WAN Liying International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences National Meteorological Center Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center

In this paper, interannual variations of the ocean dynamic height over the tropical Pacific are diagnosed using three-dimensional temperature and salinity fields from Argo profiles, with a focus on the effects of interannually varying salinity on the El Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） evolutions. The diagnostic analyses clearly demonstrate a significant and large role that the salinity field plays in modulating the sea surface dynamic height （SSDH） in the western tropical Pacific. In particular, the contribution of the interannually varying salinity to the interannual variations in SSDH approximately equals to that of the interannually varying temperature. Over the western equatorial Pacific, the salinity variability was responsible for a 30% to 40% reduction in SSDH anomaly in opposition to the thermal build up in SSDH anomaly, providing an important contribution to modulating the seasonal-to-interannual evolution of the tropical Pacific Ocean and affecting the developing of ENSO events.

关键词： salinity effect SSDH ENSO Argo western tropical Pacific

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