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A Comparative Numerical Study of Parabolic Partial integro-Differential Equation Arising from Convection-Diffusion

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第2期126卷 673-692页

作者： Kamil Khan Arshed Ali fazal-i-haq iltaf Hussain Nudrat Amir Department of Mathematics Islamia CollegePeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer ScienceThe University of AgriculturePeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences&islamiat University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences&Humanities CECOS University of Information Technology and Emerging SciencesPeshawar25000Pakistan

This article studies the development of two numerical techniques for solving convection-diffusion type partial integro-differential equation(PiDE)with a weakly singular *** trigonometric B-spline(CTBS)functions are used for interpolation in both *** first method is CTBS based collocation method which reduces the PiDE to an algebraic tridiagonal system of linear *** other method is CTBS based differential quadrature method which converts the PiDE to a system of ODEs by computing spatial derivatives as weighted sum of function *** efficient tridiagonal solver is used for the solution of the linear system obtained in the first method as well as for determination of weighting coefficients in the second *** explicit scheme is employed as time integrator to solve the system of ODEs obtained in the second *** methods are tested with three nonhomogeneous problems for their ***,computational efficiency and numerical convergence of the methods are *** of errors in approximations produced by the present methods versus different values of discretization parameters and convection-diffusion coefficients are *** and diffusion dominant cases are discussed in terms of Peclet *** results are also compared with cubic B-spline collocation method.

关键词： Partial integro-differential equation convection-diffusion collocation method differential quadrature cubic trigonometric B-spline functions weakly singular kernel

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Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage density and proportion of M2 subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1878-1889页

作者： Fouzia fazal Muhammad Arsalan Khan Sumayya Shawana Rahma Rashid Muhammed Mubarak Department of Pathology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 74800SindhPakistan Department of General Surgery Sindh Institute of Urology&Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Bahria University of Health SciencesKarachi 74400SindhPakistan Department of Pathology SIUTKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent global malignancy with complex prognostic ***-associated macrophages(TAMs)have shown paradoxical associations with CRC survival,particularly concerning the M2 *** We aimed to establish a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs and explore their correlation with clinicopathological *** A cross-sectional study included histopathological assessment of paraffinembedded tissue blocks obtained from 43 CRC *** CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemistry,we quantified TAMs in tumor stroma and front,focusing on M2 ***,histopathological,and clinical parameters were *** TAM density was significantly higher at the tumor front,with the M2 proportion three times greater in both *** tumor front had a higher M2 proportion,which correlated significantly with advanced tumor stage(P=0.04),pathological nodal involvement(P=0.04),and lymphovascular invasion(LVi,P=0.01).However,no significant association was found between the M2 proportion in the tumor stroma and clinicopathological *** Our study introduces a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs in CRC tissue *** demonstrated a significant correlation between an increased M2 proportion at the tumor front and advanced tumor stage,nodal involvement,and *** suggests that M2-like TAMs might serve as potential indicators of disease progression in CRC,warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Macrophages Tumor stroma M2 subset Tumor front Tumor stage Lymphovascular invasion Prognosis Tumor-associated macrophages immunohistochemistry

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Defining Quantum Advantage for Building a Sustainable MVP to Deliver Quantum Computing Services

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第6期14卷 1530-1549页

作者： fazal Raheman Blockchain 5.0 Ltd Kesklinnalinnaosa Tallinn Estonia

Quantum Computing (QC) is hailed as the future of computers. After Google’s claim of achieving Quantum Supremacy in 2019, several groups challenged the claim. Some QC experts attribute catastrophic risks that unrestrained QC may cause in the future by collapsing the current cryptographic cybersecurity infrastructure. These predictions are relevant only if QC becomes commercially viable and sustainable in the future. No technology can be a one-way ticket to catastrophe, and neither can the definition of superiority of that technology be. if there are catastrophic risks, large-scale QC can never enter the public domain as a minimum viable product (MVP) unless there are safeguards in place. Those safeguards should obviously become an integral part of the definition of its superiority over the legacy systems. NiST (National institute of Standards & Technology) is pursuing the standardization of Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) as that safeguard. However, with all the 82 candidate PQCs failing and companies already offering QC as a service, there’s an urgent need for an alternate strategy to mitigate the impending Q-Day threat and render QC sustainable. Our research proposes a novel encryption-agnostic cybersecurity approach to safeguard QC. it articulates a comprehensive definition of an MVP that can potentially set a sustainable gold standard for defining commercially viable quantum advantage over classical computing.

关键词： Cybersecurity NiST PQC Quantum Computers Quantum Advantage Quantum Supremacy

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Tackling the Existential Threats from Quantum Computers and Ai

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intelligent information Management 2024年第3期16卷 121-146页

作者： fazal Raheman Blockchain 5.0 Ltd. Tallinn Estonia

Although Ai and quantum computing (QC) are fast emerging as key enablers of the future internet, experts believe they pose an existential threat to humanity. Responding to the frenzied release of ChatGPT/GPT-4, thousands of alarmed tech leaders recently signed an open letter to pause Ai research to prepare for the catastrophic threats to humanity from uncontrolled AGi (Artificial General intelligence). Perceived as an “epistemological nightmare”, AGi is believed to be on the anvil with GPT-5. Two computing rules appear responsible for these risks. 1) Mandatory third-party permissions that allow computers to run applications at the expense of introducing vulnerabilities. 2) The Halting Problem of Turing-complete Ai programming languages potentially renders AGi unstoppable. The double whammy of these inherent weaknesses remains invincible under the legacy systems. A recent cybersecurity breakthrough shows that banning all permissions reduces the computer attack surface to zero, delivering a new zero vulnerability computing (ZVC) paradigm. Deploying ZVC and blockchain, this paper formulates and supports a hypothesis: “Safe, secure, ethical, controllable AGi/QC is possible by conquering the two unassailable rules of computability.” Pursued by a European consortium, testing/proving the proposed hypothesis will have a groundbreaking impact on the future digital infrastructure when AGi/QC starts powering the 75 billion internet devices by 2025.

关键词： Ethical Ai Quantum Computers Existential Threat Computer Vulnerabilities Halting Problem AGi

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Stability analysis and soliton solutions of the(1+1)-dimensional nonlinear chiral Schrodinger equation in nuclear physics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期76卷 1-15页

作者： fazal Badshah Kalim U Tariq Ahmet Bekir S M Raza Kazmi Emad Az-Zo'bi School of Electrical and information Engineering Hubei University of Automotive TechnologyShiyan 442002China Department of Mathematics Mirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpur-10250(AJK)Pakistan Neighbourhood of Akcaglan Imarli StreetNumber:28/426030EskisehirTurkey Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of ScienceMutah UniversityAlKarak 61710Jordan

The nonlinear Schrodinger equation equation is one of the most important physical models used in optical fiber theory to explain the transmission of an optical *** field of chiral soliton propagation in nuclear physics is very interesting because of its numerous applications in communications and ultra-fast signal routing ***(1+1)-dimensional chiral dynamical structure that describes the soliton behaviour in data transmission is dealt with in this work using a variety of in-depth analytical *** work has applications in particle physics,ionised science,nuclear physics,optics,and other applied mathematical *** are able to develop a variety of solutions to demonstrate the behaviour of solitary wave structures,periodic soliton solutions,chiral soliton solutions,and bell-shaped soliton solutions with the use of applied ***,in order to verify the scientific calculations,the stability analysis for the observed solutions of the governing model is taken into *** addition,the3-dimensional,contour,and 2-dimensional visuals are supplied for a better understanding of the behaviour of the *** employed strategies are dependable,uncomplicated,and effective;yet have not been utilised with the governing model in the literature that is now *** resulting outcomes have impressive applications across a large number of study areas and computational physics phenomena representing real-world *** methods applied in this model are not utilized on the given models in previous literature so we can say that these describe the novelty of the work.

关键词： solitons the nonlinear Schrodinger equation stability analysis chiral solitons exact solutions

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Futureproofing Blockchain & Cryptocurrencies against Growing Vulnerabilities & Q-Day Threat with Quantum-Safe Ledger Technology (QLT)

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第7期12卷 59-77页

作者： fazal Raheman Quantsoft Systems Ltd. Tallinn Estonia

With one billion users using 380 exchanges, the security of blockchains and cryptocurrencies remains a major concern as billions are lost to hackers every year. Cryptocurrency hacks negatively impact cryptocurrency markets introducing volatility. Each major scam/hack incident results in a significant price dip for most cryptocurrencies, decelerating the growth of the blockchain economy. Existing blockchain vulnerabilities are further amplified by the impending existential threat from quantum computers. While there’s no reprieve yet from the scam/hack prone blockchain economy, quantum resilience is being aggressively pursued by post quantum cryptography (PQC) researchers, despite 80 of 82 candidate PQCs failing. As PQC has no role in combating inherent vulnerabilities, securing over 1000 existing blockchains against scammers/hackers remains a top priority for this industry. This research proposes a novel Quantum-safe Ledger Technology (QLT) framework that not only secures DLTs/cryptocurrencies and exchanges from current vulnerabilities but protects them from the impending Q-day threats from future quantum computers. As blockchain-agnostic technology, the QLT framework can be easily adapted to secure any blockchain or crypto exchange.

关键词： Cybersecurity Quantum Computers Post Quantum Cryptography Q-Day Zero Trust

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Formulating and Supporting a Hypothesis to Address a Catch-22 Situation in 6G Communication Networks

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Journal of information Security 2024年第3期15卷 340-354页

作者： fazal Raheman Blockchain 5.0 Ltd. Kesklinna Linnaosa Tallinn Estonia

2030 is projected as the year for the launch of the 6G (sixth generation) telecommunication technology. it is also the year predicted to introduce quantum computers powerful enough to break current cryptography algorithms. Cryptography remains the mainstay of securing the internet and the 6G networks. Post quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms are currently under development and standardization by the NiST (National institute of Standards and Technology) and other regulatory agencies. PQC deployment will make the 6G goals of very low latency and low cost almost unachievable, as most PQC algorithms rely on keys much larger than those in classical RSA (Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman) algorithms. The large PQC keys consume more storage space and processing power, increasing the latency and costs of their implementation. Thus, PQC deployment may compromise the latency and pricing goals of 6G networks. Moreover, all the PQC candidates under NiST evaluation have so far failed, seriously jeopardizing their standardization and placing the security of 6G against the Q-Day threat in a catch-22 situation. This report formulates a research question and builds and supports a research hypothesis to explore an alternate absolute zero trust (AZT) security strategy for securing 6G networks. AZT is autonomous, fast, and low-cost.

关键词： 6G Quantum Computing PQC Latency Cost

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From Standard Policy-Based Zero Trust to Absolute Zero Trust (AZT): A Quantum Leap to Q-Day Security

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第3期12卷 252-282页

作者： fazal Raheman Blockchain 5.0 Ltd Kesklinnalinnaosa Tallinn Estonia

Cybercrime is projected to cost a whopping $23.8 Trillion by 2027. This is essentially because there’s no computer network that’s not vulnerable. Fool-proof cybersecurity of personal data in a connected computer is considered practically impossible. The advent of quantum computers (QC) will worsen cybersecurity. QC will be a boon for data-intensive industries by drastically reducing the computing time from years to minutes. But QC will render our current cryptography vulnerable to quantum attacks, breaking nearly all modern cryptographic systems. Before QCs with sufficient qubits arrive, we must be ready with quantum-safe strategies to protect our iCT infrastructures. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is being aggressively pursued worldwide as a defence from the potential Q-day threat. NiST (National institute of Standards and Technology), in a rigorous process, tested 82 PQC schemes, 80 of which failed after the final round in 2022. Recently the remaining two PQCs were also cracked by a Swedish and a French team of cryptographers, placing NiST’s PQC standardization process in serious jeopardy. With all the NiST-evaluated PQCs failing, there’s an urgent need to explore alternate strategies. Although cybersecurity heavily relies on cryptography, recent evidence indicates that it can indeed transcend beyond encryption using Zero Vulnerability Computing (ZVC) technology. ZVC is an encryption-agnostic absolute zero trust (AZT) approach that can potentially render computers quantum resistant by banning all third-party permissions, a root cause of most vulnerabilities. Unachievable in legacy systems, AZT is pursued by an experienced consortium of European partners to build compact, solid-state devices that are robust, resilient, energy-efficient, and with zero attack surface, rendering them resistant to malware and future Q-Day threats.

关键词： Cybersecurity Quantum Computers Post Quantum Cryptography Q-Day Zero Trust

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Dynamic Multi-Layer Perceptron for Fetal Health Classification Using Cardiotocography Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2301-2330页

作者： Uddagiri Sirisha Parvathaneni Naga Srinivasu Panguluri Padmavathi Seongki Kim Aruna Pavate Jana Shafi Muhammad fazal ijaz Department of Computer Science and Engineering Prasad V Potluri Siddhartha Institute of TechnologyVijayawada520007India Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamAmaravatiAndhra Pradesh522503India Department of Tele informatics Engineering Federal University of CearáFortaleza60455-970Brazil Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGunturAndhra Pradesh522302India Department of Computer Engineering Chosun UniversityGwangju61452Republic of Korea School of CSiT Symbiosis Skills and Professional UniversityPune412101India Department of Computer Engineering and information College of Engineering inWadi AlddawasirPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Alddawasir11991Saudi Arabia School of iT and Engineering Melbourne Institute of TechnologyMelbourne3000Australia

Fetal health care is vital in ensuring the health of pregnant women and the *** check-ups need to be taken by the mother to determine the status of the fetus’growth and identify any potential *** know the status of the fetus,doctors monitor blood reports,Ultrasounds,cardiotocography(CTG)data,***,in this research,we have considered CTG data,which provides information on heart rate and uterine contractions during *** researchers have proposed various methods for classifying the status of fetus *** processing of CTG data is time-consuming and ***,automated tools should be used to classify fetal *** study proposes a novel neural network-based architecture,the Dynamic Multi-Layer Perceptron model,evaluated from a single layer to several layers to classify fetal *** strategies were applied,including pre-processing data using techniques like Balancing,Scaling,Normalization hyperparameter tuning,batch normalization,early stopping,etc.,to enhance the model’s performance.A comparative analysis of the proposed method is done against the traditional machine learning models to showcase its accuracy(97%).An ablation study without any pre-processing techniques is also *** study easily provides valuable interpretations for healthcare professionals in the decision-making process.

关键词： Fetal health cardiotocography data deep learning dynamic multi-layer perceptron feature engineering

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Characteristics and trends of pediatric firepit burns: insights for prevention and safety

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 54-58页

作者： Maria fazal Charbel Chidiac Raheel Ahmad Oussama issa Erica Hodgman Alejandro V Garcia Johns Hopkins School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Surgery Division of Pediatric SurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Division of the Biological Sciences University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA School of Medicine American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon

introduction As fire pits grow in popularity,so do the associated burn *** study examines pediatric fire pit burns characteristics to raise awareness and promote safety *** We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients(ith firepit burns at a tertiary care hospital from 2016 to *** Eighty-four patients were identified,of whom 70.2%were male,with a median age of 62 *** median percent total body surface area burned was 2%(interquartile range(iQR)=1-4).Thirty-five(41.7%)patients were admitted and 7(8.3%)underwent *** and trunk burns had the highest grafting rates(66%and 33%,respectively).The hands(41.7%)and the lower extremities(27.4%)were the most frequently burned body *** leading causes of burns were ashes/hot coals(34.5%),flames(31.0%),and direct contact(25.0%),often resulting from falling into the fire(59.5%)or running or playing in activities near it(26.2%).Thirty-five(41.7%)were admitted for inpatient management,while 49(58.3%)were treated as ***(13.2%)underwent at least one reconstructive surgery,7(8.4%)had at least one rehabilitation visit,and 65(77.4%)had follow-up clinic *** median length of stay was 2 days(iQR=1.0-3.5).The peak months for burns were from August through October(n=40,46.0%),with an increase observed from 10 cases in 2016to 20 cases in *** Given the significant proportion of firepit burns resulting from unsafe fire behaviors,it is crucial that caretakers are aware of proper firepit safety *** ofevidence il.

关键词： burns admitted prevention

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