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Hybrid millimeter wave heterogeneous networks with spatially correlated user equipment

Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第4期10卷 904-917页

作者： Arif Ullah Ziaul Haq Abbas Ghulam Abbas fazal muhammad Jae-Mo Kang Department of Computer Engineering College of IT ConvergenceChosun UniversityGwangju61452South Korea Faculty of Electrical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan Department of Artificial Intelligence Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566South Korea

In this paper,we analyze a hybrid Heterogeneous Cellular Network(HCNet)framework by deploying millimeter Wave(mmWave)small cells with coexisting traditional sub-6GHz macro cells to achieve improved coverage and high data *** consider randomly-deployed macro base stations throughout the network whereas mmWave Small Base Stations(SBSs)are deployed in the areas with high User Equipment(UE)*** user centric deployment of mmWave SBSs inevitably incurs correlation between UE and *** a realistic scenario where the UEs are distributed according to Poisson cluster process and directional beamforming with line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight transmissions is adopted for mmWave *** using tools from stochastic geometry,we develop an analytical framework to analyze various performance metrics in the downlink hybrid HCNets under biased received power *** UE clustering we considered Thomas cluster process and derive expressions for the association probability,coverage probability,area spectral efficiency,and energy *** also provide Monte Carlo simulation results to validate the accuracy of the derived ***,we analyze the impact of mmWave operating frequency,antenna gain,small cell biasing,and BSs density to get useful engineering insights into the performance of hybrid mmWave *** results show that network performance is significantly improved by deploying millimeter wave SBS instead of microwave BS in hot spots.

关键词： Downlink cell association Heterogeneous cellular networks Integrated sub-6GHz and mmWave networks Millimeter wave communications Poisson cluster process

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Gain-Enhanced Metamaterial Based Antenna for 5G Communication Standards

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第9期64卷 1587-1599页

作者： Daniyal Ali Sehrai fazal muhammad Saad Hassan Kiani Ziaul Haq Abbas muhammad Tufail Sunghwan Kim Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Faculty of Electrical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan Department of Mechatronics Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan School of Electrical Engineering University of UlsanUlsan44610Korea

Metamaterial surfaces play a vital role to achieve the surface waves suppression and in-phase reflection,in order to improve the antenna *** this paper,the performance comparison of a fifth generation(5G)antenna design is analyzed and compared with a metamaterial-based antenna for 5G communication system *** surface is utilized as a reflector due to its in-phase reflection characteristic and high-impedance nature to improve the gain of an *** conventional conducting ground plane does not give enough surface waves suppression which affects the antenna performance in terms of efficiency and gain *** factors are well considered in this work and improved by using the metamaterial *** radiating element of the proposed metamaterial based antenna is made up of copper material which is backed by the substrate,i.e.,Rogers-4003 with a standard thickness,loss tangent and a relative permittivity of 1.524 mm,0.0027 and 3.55,*** proposed antenna with and without metamaterial surface operates at the central frequency of 3.32 GHz and 3.60 GHz,*** traditional antenna yields a boresight gain of 2.76 dB which is further improved to 6.26 dB,using the metamaterial *** radiation efficiency of the proposed metamaterial-based 5G antenna is above 85%at the desired central frequency.

关键词： Metamaterial surface in-phase reflection 5G high gain

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V-Shaped Monopole Antenna with Chichena Itzia Inspired Defected Ground Structure for UWB Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第10期65卷 19-32页

作者： Naeem Ahmad Jan Saad Hassan Kiani fazal muhammad Daniyal Ali Sehrai Amjad Iqbal muhammad Tufail Sunghwan Kim Department of Electrical Engineering Iqra National UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Multimedia UniversityCyberjaya63100Malaysia Department of Mechatronics Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of UlsanUlsan44610Korea

Due to rapid growth in wireless communication technology,higher bandwidth requirement for advance telecommunication systems,capable of operating on two or higher bands with higher channel capacities and minimum distortion losses is *** this paper,a compact Ultra-Wideband(UWB)V-shaped monopole antenna is *** response is achieved by modifying the ground plane with Chichen Itzia inspired rectangular staircase *** proposed V-shaped is designed by incorporating a rectangle,and an inverted isosceles triangle using FR4 *** size of the antenna is 25 mm×26 mm×1.6 *** proposed V-shaped monopole antenna produces bandwidth response of 3 GHz Industrial,Scientific,and Medical(ISM),Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX),(IEEE 802.11/HIPERLAN band,5G sub 6 GHz)which with an additional square cut amplified the bandwidth response up to 8 GHz ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz attaining UWB defined by Federal Communications Commission(FCC)with a maximum gain of 3.83 *** antenna is designed in Ansys *** for key performance parameters of the antenna are *** measured results are in good agreement with the simulated *** to flat gain,uniform group delay,omni directional radiation pattern characteristics and well-matched impedance,the proposed antenna is suitable for WiMAX,ISM and heterogeneous wireless systems.

关键词： V-shape monopole gain staircase ultra-wideband omni-directional defected ground structure

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Automatic License Plate Recognition System for Vehicles Using a CNN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 35-50页

作者： Parneet Kaur Yogesh Kumar Shakeel Ahmed Abdulaziz Alhumam Ruchi Singla muhammad fazal Ijaz Department of Computer Science Chandigarh Group of CollegesLandran140307India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityAl-AhsaSaudi Arabia Department of Research InnovationsSponsored Projects&EntrepreneurshipChandigarh Group of CollegesLandran140307India Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

Automatic License Plate Recognition(ALPR)systems are important in Intelligent Transportation Services(ITS)as they help ensure effective law enforcement and *** systems play a significant role in border surveillance,ensuring safeguards,and handling vehicle-related *** most effective approach for implementing ALPR systems utilizes deep learning via a convolutional neural network(CNN).A CNN works on an input image by assigning significance to various features of the image and differentiating them from each *** are popular for license plate character ***,little has been reported on the results of these systems with regard to unusual varieties of license plates or their success at *** present an efficient ALPR system that uses a CNN for character recognition.A combination of pre-processing and morphological operations was applied to enhance input image quality,which aids system *** system has various features,such as the ability to recognize multi-line,skewed,and multifont license *** also works efficiently in night mode and can be used for different vehicle *** overall accuracy of 98.13%was achieved using the proposed CNN technique.

关键词： Deep learning intelligent transportation services morphological convolutional neural network accuracy

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Automatic Detection of Outliers in Multi-Channel EMG Signals Using MFCC and SVM

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第4期36卷 169-181页

作者： muhammad Irfan Khalil Ullah fazal muhammad Salman Khan Faisal Althobiani muhammad Usman Mohammed Alshareef Shadi Alghaffari Saifur Rahman Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran University Saudi ArabiaNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering University of MalakandDir LowerPakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan Faculty of Maritime Studies King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan

The automatic detection of noisy channels in surface Electromyogram(sEMG)signals,at the time of recording,is very critical in making a noise-free EMG *** an EMG signal contaminated by high-level noise is recorded,then it will be useless and can’t be used for any healthcare *** this research work,a new machine learning-based paradigm is proposed to automate the detection of low-level and high-level noises occurring in different channels of high density and multi-channel sEMG signals.A modiﬁed version of mel fre-quency cepstral coefﬁcients(mMFCC)is proposed for the extraction of features from sEMG channels along with other statistical parameters i-e complexity coef-ﬁcient,hurst exponent,and root mean *** state-of-the-art classiﬁers such as Support Vector Machine(SVM),Ensemble Bagged Trees,Ensemble Sub-space Discriminant,and Logistic Regression are used to automatically identify an EMG channel either bad or good based on these extracted ***-based analyses of these classiﬁers have also been considered based on total classi-ﬁcation accuracy,prediction speed(observations/sec),and processing *** proposed method is tested on 320 simulated EMG channels as well as 640 experi-mental EMG *** is used as our main classiﬁer for the detection of noisy channels which gives a total classiﬁcation accuracy of 99.4%for simulated EMG channels whereas accuracy of 98.9%is achieved for experimental EMG channels.

关键词： Machine learning surface electromyography support vector machine classiﬁcation features

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An AW-HARIS Based Automated Segmentation of Human Liver Using CT Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3303-3319页

作者： P.Naga Srinivasu Shakeel Ahmed Abdulaziz Alhumam Akash Bhoi Kumar muhammad fazal Ijaz Department of Computer Science and Engineering GITAM Institute of TechnologyGITAM Deemed to be UniversityVisakhapatnam530045India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sikkim Manipal Institute of TechnologySikkim Manipal UniversityMajitar737136India Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

In the digestion of amino acids,carbohydrates,and lipids,as well as protein synthesis from the consumed food,the liver has many diverse responsibilities and functions that are to be *** disease may impact the hormonal and nutritional balance in the human *** earlier diagnosis of such critical conditions may help to treat the patient effectively.A computationally efficient AW-HARIS algorithm is used in this paper to perform automated segmentation of CT scan images to identify abnormalities in the human *** proposed approach can recognize the abnormalities with better accuracy without training,unlike in supervisory procedures requiring considerable computational efforts for *** the earlier stages,the CT images are pre-processed through an Adaptive Multiscale Data Condensation Kernel to normalize the underlying noise and enhance the image’s contrast for better ***,the preliminary phase’s outcome is being fed as the input for the Anisotropic Weighted—Heuristic Algorithm for Real-time Image Segmentation algorithm that uses texture-related information,which has resulted in precise outcome with acceptable computational latency when compared to that of its *** is observed that the proposed approach has outperformed in the majority of the cases with an accuracy of 78%.The smart diagnosis approach would help the medical staff accurately predict the abnormality and disease progression in earlier ailment stages.

关键词： CT image automated segmentation HARIS anisotropic weighted social group optimization

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Packet Optimization of Software Defined Network Using Lion Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 2617-2633页

作者： Jagmeet Kaur Shakeel Ahmed Yogesh Kumar A.Alaboudi N.Z.Jhanjhi muhammad fazal Ijaz Department of Computer Science&Engineering Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjab140413India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science&Engineering Chandigarh Group of CollegesMohaliPunjab140307India College of Computer Science Shaqra UniversitySaudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Engineering SCETaylor’s UniversitySubang Jaya47500 Malaysia Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

There has been an explosion of cloud services as organizations take advantage of their continuity,predictability,as well as quality of service and it raises the concern about latency,energy-efficiency,and *** increase in demand requires new configurations of networks,products,and service *** this purpose,the software-defined network is an efficient technology that enables to support the future network functions along with the intelligent applications and packet *** work analyzes the offline cloud scenario in which machines are efficiently deployed and scheduled for user processing *** is evaluated in terms of reducing bandwidth,task execution times and latencies,and increasing throughput.A minimum execution time algorithm is used to compute the completion time of all the available resources which are allocated to the virtual machine and lion optimization algorithm is applied to packets in a cloud *** proposed work is shown to improve the throughput and latency rate.

关键词： Software-defined network cloud computing packet optimization energy efficiency lion optimization minimum execution time

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Dynamic Multi-Layer Perceptron for Fetal Health Classification Using Cardiotocography Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2301-2330页

作者： Uddagiri Sirisha Parvathaneni Naga Srinivasu Panguluri Padmavathi Seongki Kim Aruna Pavate Jana Shafi muhammad fazal Ijaz Department of Computer Science and Engineering Prasad V Potluri Siddhartha Institute of TechnologyVijayawada520007India Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamAmaravatiAndhra Pradesh522503India Department of Tele informatics Engineering Federal University of CearáFortaleza60455-970Brazil Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGunturAndhra Pradesh522302India Department of Computer Engineering Chosun UniversityGwangju61452Republic of Korea School of CSIT Symbiosis Skills and Professional UniversityPune412101India Department of Computer Engineering and Information College of Engineering inWadi AlddawasirPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Alddawasir11991Saudi Arabia School of IT and Engineering Melbourne Institute of TechnologyMelbourne3000Australia

Fetal health care is vital in ensuring the health of pregnant women and the *** check-ups need to be taken by the mother to determine the status of the fetus’growth and identify any potential *** know the status of the fetus,doctors monitor blood reports,Ultrasounds,cardiotocography(CTG)data,***,in this research,we have considered CTG data,which provides information on heart rate and uterine contractions during *** researchers have proposed various methods for classifying the status of fetus *** processing of CTG data is time-consuming and ***,automated tools should be used to classify fetal *** study proposes a novel neural network-based architecture,the Dynamic Multi-Layer Perceptron model,evaluated from a single layer to several layers to classify fetal *** strategies were applied,including pre-processing data using techniques like Balancing,Scaling,Normalization hyperparameter tuning,batch normalization,early stopping,etc.,to enhance the model’s performance.A comparative analysis of the proposed method is done against the traditional machine learning models to showcase its accuracy(97%).An ablation study without any pre-processing techniques is also *** study easily provides valuable interpretations for healthcare professionals in the decision-making process.

关键词： Fetal health cardiotocography data deep learning dynamic multi-layer perceptron feature engineering

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Impairments Approximations in Assembled mmWave and Radio Over Fiber Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 4885-4895页

作者： muhammad Irfan Farman Ali fazal muhammad Saifur Rahman Ammar Armghan Yousaf Khan Faisal Althobiani Rehan Shafiq Mohammed Alshareef Mohammad E.Gommosani Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Qurtuba University of Science and ITDera Ismail Khan29050Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia Faulty of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Faculty of Maritime Studies King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Sarhad University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25220Khyber PukhtunkhwaPakistan Ports&Maritime Transportation Faculty of Maritime Studies King Abdulaziz University JeddahSaudi Arabia Nautical Science Department Faculty of Maritime StudiesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

The fiber nonlinearity and phase noise(PN)are the focused impairments in the optical communication system,induced by high-capacity transmission and high laser input *** channels include high-capacity transmissions that cannot be achieved at the end side without aliasing because of fiber nonlinearity and PN ***,addressing of these distortions is the basic objective for the 5G mobile *** this paper,the fiber nonlinearity and PN are investigated using the assembled methodology of millimeter-wave and radio over fiber(mmWave-RoF).The analytical model is designed in terms of outage probability for the proposed mmWave-RoF *** performance of mmWave-RoF against fiber nonlinearity and PN is studied for input power,output power and length using peak to average power ratio(PAPR)and bit error rate(BER)measuring *** simulation outcomes present that the impacts of fiber nonlinearity and PNcan be balanced for a huge capacity mmWave-RoF model applying input power carefully.

关键词： Fiber nonlinearity phase noise radio over fiber network advanced modulation system

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Modeling and Comprehensive Review of Signaling Storms in 3GPP-Based Mobile Broadband Networks:Causes,Solutions,and Countermeasures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 123-153页

作者： muhammad Qasim Khan fazal Malik Fahad Alturise Noor Rahman Department of Computer Science Iqra National UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Cybersecurity College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah52555Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Al-Fayha CollegeAl Jubayl31961Saudi Arabia

Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband ***,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing *** have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial *** paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling *** this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and *** provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding *** important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a *** paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference *** our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.

关键词： Signaling storm problems control signaling load analytical modeling 3GPP networks smart devices diameter signaling mobile broadband data access data traffic mobility management signaling network architecture 5G mobile communication

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