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Durability evaluation of GFRP rebars in harsh alkaline environment using optimized tree-based random forest model

Journal of Ocean engineering and Science 2022年第6期7卷 596-606页

作者： Mudassir Iqbal Daxu Zhang fazal e.jalal State Key Laboratory of Ocean engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Digital Maintenance of Buildings and InfrastructureSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean&Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Civil engineering University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPakistan

GFRP bars reinforced in submerged or moist seawater and ocean concrete is subjected to highly alkaline *** investigating the durability of GFRP bars in alkaline environment,the effect of surrounding temperature and conditioning duration on tensile strength retention(TSR)of GFRP bars is well investigated with laboratory aging of GFRP ***,the role of variable bar size and volume fraction of fiber have been poorly ***,various structural codes recommend the use of an additional environmental reduction factor to accurately reflect the long-term performance of GFRP bars in harsh *** study presents the development of Random Forest(RF)regression model to predict the TSR of laboratory conditioned bars in alkaline environment based on a reliable database comprising 772 tested *** model was optimized,trained,and validated using variety of statistical checks available in the *** developed RF model was used for the sensitivity and parametric ***,the formulated RF model was used for studying the long-term performance of GFRP rebars in the alkaline concrete *** sensitivity analysis exhibited that temperature and pH are among the most influential attributes in TSR,followed by volume fraction of fibers,duration of conditioning,and diameter of the bars,*** bars with larger diameter and high-volume fraction of fibers are less susceptible to degradation in contrast to the small diameter bars and relatively low fiber’s volume ***,the long-term performance revealed that the existing recommendations by various codes regarding environmental reduction factors are conservative and therefore needs revision accordingly.

关键词： GFRP Seawater and sea sand concrete Durability Mechanical properties Degradation

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Prediction of residual tensile strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer bars in harsh alkaline concrete environment using fuzzy metaheuristic models

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Journal of Ocean engineering and Science 2023年第5期8卷 546-558页

作者： Mudassir Iqbal Khalid elbaz Daxu Zhang Lili Hu fazal e.jalal State Key Laboratory of Ocean engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Digital Maintenance of Buildings and InfrastructureSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean&Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Civil engineering University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPakistan MOe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCollege of EngineeringShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong 515063China Department of Civil engineering Higher Future Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMansouraEgypt

The long-term durability of glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)bars in harsh alkaline environments is of great importance in engineering,which is reflected by the environmental reduction factor in vari-ous structural *** calculation of this factor requires robust models to predict the residual tensile strength of GFRP ***,three robust metaheuristic algorithms,namely particle swarm optimiza-tion(PSO),genetic algorithm(GA),and support vector machine(SVM),were deployed in this study for achieving the best hyperparameters in the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)in order to obtain more accurate prediction *** optimized models were developed to predict the tensile strength retention(TSR)of degraded GFRP rebars in typical alkaline environments(e.g.,seawater sea sand concrete(SWSSC)environment in this study).The study also proposed more reliable model to predict the TSR of GFRP bars exposed to alkaline environmental conditions under accelerating laboratory aging.A to-tal number of 715 experimental laboratory samples were collected in a form of extensive database to be trained.K-fold cross-validation was used to assess the reliability of the developed models by dividing the dataset into five equal *** order to analyze the efficiency of the metaheuristic algorithms,multiple statistical tests were *** was concluded that the ANFIS-SVM-based model is robust and accu-rate in predicting the TSR of conditioned GFRP *** the meantime,the ANFIS-PSO model also yielded reasonable results concerning the prediction of the tensile strength of GFRP bars in alkaline concrete *** sensitivity analysis revealed GFRP bar size,volume fraction of fibers,and pH of solution were the most influential parameters of TSR.

关键词： Gfrp Seawater sea sand concrete Durability Metaheuristic Anfis-pso,anfis-ga ANFIS-SVM

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Prediction of falling weight deflectometer parameters using hybrid model of genetic algorithm and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2023年第5期17卷 812-826页

作者： Long Hoang NGUYeN Dung Quang VU Duc Dam NGUYeN fazal e.jalal Mudassir IQBAL Vinh The DANG Hiep Van Le Indra PRAKASH Binh Thai PHAM Faculty of Civil engineering University of Transport TechnologyHanoi 10000Vietnam Department of Civil engineering State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025China Department of Civil engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar 25120Pakistan DDG(R)Geological Survey of India Gandhinagar 382010India

A falling weight deflectometer is a testing device used in civil engineering to measure and evaluate the physical properties of pavements,such as the modulus of the subgrade reaction(Y1)and the elastic modulus of the slab(Y2),which are crucial for assessing the structural strength of *** this study,we developed a novel hybrid artificial intelligence model,i.e.,a genetic algorithm(GA)-optimized adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS-GA),to predict Y1 and Y2 based on easily determined 13 parameters of rigid *** performance of the novel ANFIS-GA model was compared to that of other benchmark models,namely logistic regression(LR)and radial basis function regression(RBFR)*** models were validated using standard statistical measures,namely,the coefficient of correlation(R),mean absolute error(MAe),and root mean square error(RMSe).The results indicated that the ANFIS-GA model was the best at predicting Y1(R=0.945)and Y2(R=0.887)compared to the LR and RBFR ***,the ANFIS-GA model can be used to accurately predict Y1 and Y2 based on easily measured parameters for the appropriate and rapid assessment of the quality and strength of pavements.

关键词： falling weight deflectometer modulus of subgrade reaction elastic modulus metaheuristic algorithms

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Novel hybrid models of ANFIS and metaheuristic optimizations (SCe and ABC) for prediction of compressive strength of concrete using rebound hammer field test

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2022年第8期16卷 1003-1016页

作者： Dung Quang VU fazal ejalal Mudassir IQBAL Dam Duc NGUYeN Duong Kien TRONG Indra PRAKASH Binh Thai PHAM University of Transport Technology Hanoi 100000Vietnam Department of Civil engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Civil engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar 25120Pakistan DDG(R)Geological Survey of India Gandhinagar 382010India

In this study,we developed novel hybrid models namely Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)optimized by Shuffled Complex evolution(SCe)on the one hand and ANFIS with Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)on the other *** were used to predict compressive strength(Cs)of concrete relating to thirteen concrete-strength affecting parameters which are easy to determine in the *** and laboratory tests data of 108 structural elements of 18 concrete bridges of the Ha Long-Van Don expressway,Vietnam were *** dataset was randomly divided into a 70:30 ratio,for training(70%)and testing(30%)of the hybrid *** of the developed fuzzy metaheuristic models was evaluated using standard statistical metrics:Correlation Coefficient(R),Root Mean Square error(RMSe)and Mean Absolute error(MAe).The results showed that both of the novel models depict close agreement between experimental and predicted ***,the ANFIS-ABC model reflected better convergence of the results and better performance compared to that of ANFIS-SCe in the prediction of the concrete ***,the ANFIS-ABC model can be used for the quick and accurate estimation of compressive strength of concrete based on easily determined parameters for the design of civil engineering structures including bridges.

关键词： shuffled complex evolution artificial bee colony ANFIS concrete compressive strength Vietnam

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Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage density and proportion of M2 subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1878-1889页

作者： Fouzia fazal Muhammad Arsalan Khan Sumayya Shawana Rahma Rashid Muhammed Mubarak Department of Pathology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 74800SindhPakistan Department of General Surgery Sindh Institute of Urology&Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Bahria University of Health SciencesKarachi 74400SindhPakistan Department of Pathology SIUTKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent global malignancy with complex prognostic ***-associated macrophages(TAMs)have shown paradoxical associations with CRC survival,particularly concerning the M2 *** We aimed to establish a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs and explore their correlation with clinicopathological *** A cross-sectional study included histopathological assessment of paraffinembedded tissue blocks obtained from 43 CRC *** CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemistry,we quantified TAMs in tumor stroma and front,focusing on M2 ***,histopathological,and clinical parameters were *** TAM density was significantly higher at the tumor front,with the M2 proportion three times greater in both *** tumor front had a higher M2 proportion,which correlated significantly with advanced tumor stage(P=0.04),pathological nodal involvement(P=0.04),and lymphovascular invasion(LVI,P=0.01).However,no significant association was found between the M2 proportion in the tumor stroma and clinicopathological *** Our study introduces a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs in CRC tissue *** demonstrated a significant correlation between an increased M2 proportion at the tumor front and advanced tumor stage,nodal involvement,and *** suggests that M2-like TAMs might serve as potential indicators of disease progression in CRC,warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Macrophages Tumor stroma M2 subset Tumor front Tumor stage Lymphovascular invasion Prognosis Tumor-associated macrophages Immunohistochemistry

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Tackling the existential Threats from Quantum Computers and AI

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Intelligent Information Management 2024年第3期16卷 121-146页

作者： fazal Raheman Blockchain 5.0 Ltd. Tallinn Estonia

Although AI and quantum computing (QC) are fast emerging as key enablers of the future Internet, experts believe they pose an existential threat to humanity. Responding to the frenzied release of ChatGPT/GPT-4, thousands of alarmed tech leaders recently signed an open letter to pause AI research to prepare for the catastrophic threats to humanity from uncontrolled AGI (Artificial General Intelligence). Perceived as an “epistemological nightmare”, AGI is believed to be on the anvil with GPT-5. Two computing rules appear responsible for these risks. 1) Mandatory third-party permissions that allow computers to run applications at the expense of introducing vulnerabilities. 2) The Halting Problem of Turing-complete AI programming languages potentially renders AGI unstoppable. The double whammy of these inherent weaknesses remains invincible under the legacy systems. A recent cybersecurity breakthrough shows that banning all permissions reduces the computer attack surface to zero, delivering a new zero vulnerability computing (ZVC) paradigm. Deploying ZVC and blockchain, this paper formulates and supports a hypothesis: “Safe, secure, ethical, controllable AGI/QC is possible by conquering the two unassailable rules of computability.” Pursued by a european consortium, testing/proving the proposed hypothesis will have a groundbreaking impact on the future digital infrastructure when AGI/QC starts powering the 75 billion internet devices by 2025.

关键词： ethical AI Quantum Computers existential Threat Computer Vulnerabilities Halting Problem AGI

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Stability analysis and soliton solutions of the(1+1)-dimensional nonlinear chiral Schr?dinger equation in nuclear physics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期76卷 1-15页

作者： fazal Badshah Kalim U Tariq Ahmet Bekir S M Raza Kazmi emad Az-Zo'bi School of electrical and Information engineering Hubei University of Automotive Technology Department of Mathematics Mirpur University of Science and Technology Neighbourhood of Akcaglan Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of Science Mutah University

The nonlinear Schr?dinger equation equation is one of the most important physical models used in optical fiber theory to explain the transmission of an optical soliton. The field of chiral soliton propagation in nuclear physics is very interesting because of its numerous applications in communications and ultra-fast signal routing systems. The (1+1)-dimensional chiral dynamical structure that describes the soliton behaviour in data transmission is dealt with in this work using a variety of in-depth analytical techniques. This work has applications in particle physics, ionised science, nuclear physics, optics, and other applied mathematical sciences. We are able to develop a variety of solutions to demonstrate the behaviour of solitary wave structures, periodic soliton solutions, chiral soliton solutions, and bell-shaped soliton solutions with the use of applied techniques. Moreover, in order to verify the scientific calculations, the stability analysis for the observed solutions of the governing model is taken into consideration. In addition, the3-dimensional, contour, and 2-dimensional visuals are supplied for a better understanding of the behaviour of the solutions. The employed strategies are dependable, uncomplicated, and effective; yet have not been utilised with the governing model in the literature that is now accessible. The resulting outcomes have impressive applications across a large number of study areas and computational physics phenomena representing real-world scenarios. The methods applied in this model are not utilized on the given models in previous literature so we can say that these describe the novelty of the work.

关键词： chiral solitons exact solutions solitons stability analysis the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

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Defining Quantum Advantage for Building a Sustainable MVP to Deliver Quantum Computing Services

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第6期14卷 1530-1549页

作者： fazal Raheman Blockchain 5.0 Ltd Kesklinnalinnaosa Tallinn Estonia

Quantum Computing (QC) is hailed as the future of computers. After Google’s claim of achieving Quantum Supremacy in 2019, several groups challenged the claim. Some QC experts attribute catastrophic risks that unrestrained QC may cause in the future by collapsing the current cryptographic cybersecurity infrastructure. These predictions are relevant only if QC becomes commercially viable and sustainable in the future. No technology can be a one-way ticket to catastrophe, and neither can the definition of superiority of that technology be. If there are catastrophic risks, large-scale QC can never enter the public domain as a minimum viable product (MVP) unless there are safeguards in place. Those safeguards should obviously become an integral part of the definition of its superiority over the legacy systems. NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) is pursuing the standardization of Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) as that safeguard. However, with all the 82 candidate PQCs failing and companies already offering QC as a service, there’s an urgent need for an alternate strategy to mitigate the impending Q-Day threat and render QC sustainable. Our research proposes a novel encryption-agnostic cybersecurity approach to safeguard QC. It articulates a comprehensive definition of an MVP that can potentially set a sustainable gold standard for defining commercially viable quantum advantage over classical computing.

关键词： Cybersecurity NIST PQC Quantum Computers Quantum Advantage Quantum Supremacy

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Futureproofing Blockchain & Cryptocurrencies against Growing Vulnerabilities & Q-Day Threat with Quantum-Safe Ledger Technology (QLT)

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第7期12卷 59-77页

作者： fazal Raheman Quantsoft Systems Ltd. Tallinn Estonia

With one billion users using 380 exchanges, the security of blockchains and cryptocurrencies remains a major concern as billions are lost to hackers every year. Cryptocurrency hacks negatively impact cryptocurrency markets introducing volatility. each major scam/hack incident results in a significant price dip for most cryptocurrencies, decelerating the growth of the blockchain economy. existing blockchain vulnerabilities are further amplified by the impending existential threat from quantum computers. While there’s no reprieve yet from the scam/hack prone blockchain economy, quantum resilience is being aggressively pursued by post quantum cryptography (PQC) researchers, despite 80 of 82 candidate PQCs failing. As PQC has no role in combating inherent vulnerabilities, securing over 1000 existing blockchains against scammers/hackers remains a top priority for this industry. This research proposes a novel Quantum-safe Ledger Technology (QLT) framework that not only secures DLTs/cryptocurrencies and exchanges from current vulnerabilities but protects them from the impending Q-day threats from future quantum computers. As blockchain-agnostic technology, the QLT framework can be easily adapted to secure any blockchain or crypto exchange.

关键词： Cybersecurity Quantum Computers Post Quantum Cryptography Q-Day Zero Trust

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From Standard Policy-Based Zero Trust to Absolute Zero Trust (AZT): A Quantum Leap to Q-Day Security

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第3期12卷 252-282页

作者： fazal Raheman Blockchain 5.0 Ltd Kesklinnalinnaosa Tallinn Estonia

Cybercrime is projected to cost a whopping $23.8 Trillion by 2027. This is essentially because there’s no computer network that’s not vulnerable. Fool-proof cybersecurity of personal data in a connected computer is considered practically impossible. The advent of quantum computers (QC) will worsen cybersecurity. QC will be a boon for data-intensive industries by drastically reducing the computing time from years to minutes. But QC will render our current cryptography vulnerable to quantum attacks, breaking nearly all modern cryptographic systems. Before QCs with sufficient qubits arrive, we must be ready with quantum-safe strategies to protect our ICT infrastructures. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is being aggressively pursued worldwide as a defence from the potential Q-day threat. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), in a rigorous process, tested 82 PQC schemes, 80 of which failed after the final round in 2022. Recently the remaining two PQCs were also cracked by a Swedish and a French team of cryptographers, placing NIST’s PQC standardization process in serious jeopardy. With all the NIST-evaluated PQCs failing, there’s an urgent need to explore alternate strategies. Although cybersecurity heavily relies on cryptography, recent evidence indicates that it can indeed transcend beyond encryption using Zero Vulnerability Computing (ZVC) technology. ZVC is an encryption-agnostic absolute zero trust (AZT) approach that can potentially render computers quantum resistant by banning all third-party permissions, a root cause of most vulnerabilities. Unachievable in legacy systems, AZT is pursued by an experienced consortium of european partners to build compact, solid-state devices that are robust, resilient, energy-efficient, and with zero attack surface, rendering them resistant to malware and future Q-Day threats.

关键词： Cybersecurity Quantum Computers Post Quantum Cryptography Q-Day Zero Trust

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