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Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第5期37卷 684-700页

作者： fayaz a.mir Sushil K.Jha School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067India

The locus coeruleus(LC) is one of the essential chemoregulatory and sleep–wake(S–W) modulating centers in the brain. LC neurons remain highly active during wakefulness, and some implicitly become silent during rapid eye movement(REM) sleep. LC neurons are also involved in CO_2-dependent modulation of the respiratory drive. Acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs) are highly expressed in some brainstem chemosensory breathing regulatory areas, but their localization and functions in the LC remain unknown. Mild hypercapnia increases the amount of non-REM(NREM) sleep and the number of REM sleep episodes, but whether ASICs in the LC modulate S–W is unclear. Here, we investigated the presence of ASICs in the LC and their role in S–W modulation and the state transition from NREM to REM sleep. Male Wistar rats were surgically prepared for chronic polysomnographic recordings and drug microinjections into the LC. The presence of ASIC-2 and ASIC-3 in the LC was immunohistochemically *** of amiloride(an ASIC blocker) and APETx2(a blocker of ASIC-2 and-3) into the LC significantly decreased wakefulness and REM sleep, but significantly increased NREM sleep. Mild hypercapnia increased the amount of NREM and the number of REM episodes. However, APETx2 microinjection inhibited this increase in REM frequency. These results suggest that the ASICs of LC neurons modulate S–W, indicating that ASICs could play an important role in vigilance-state transition. A mild increase in CO_2 level during NREM sleep sensed by ASICs could be one of the determinants of state transition from NREM to REM sleep.

关键词： Acid-sensing ion channels Carbon dioxide Hypercapnia NREM sleep REM sleep

Secure and Reliable Routing in the Internet of Vehicles Network:AODV-RL with BHA Attack Defense

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 633-659页

作者： Nadeem Ahmed Khalid Mohammadani Ali Kashif Bashir Marwan Omar Angel Jones fayaz Hassan School of Electronic Science Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100086China Department of Computer Science Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Woxsen School of Business Woxsen UniversityHyderabad502345India Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Information Technology and Management Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoUSA College of Computing Capital Technology UniversityLaurelUSA

Wireless technology is transforming the future of transportation through the development of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).However,intricate security challenges are intertwinedwith technological progress:Vehicular ad hoc Networks(VANETs),a core component of IoV,face security issues,particularly the Black Hole Attack(BHA).This malicious attack disrupts the seamless flow of data and threatens the network’s overall reliability;also,BHA strategically disrupts communication pathways by dropping data packets from legitimate nodes *** the importance of this challenge,we have introduced a new solution called ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector-Reputation-based mechanism Local Outlier Factor(AODV-RL).The significance of AODVRL lies in its unique approach:it verifies and confirms the trustworthiness of network components,providing robust protection against *** additional safety layer is established by implementing the Local Outlier Factor(LOF),which detects and addresses abnormal network *** testing of our solution has revealed its remarkable ability to enhance communication in ***,Our experimental results achieve message delivery ratios of up to 94.25%andminimal packet loss ratios of just 0.297%.Based on our experimental results,the proposedmechanismsignificantly improves VANET communication reliability and *** results promise a more secure and dependable future for IoV,capable of transforming transportation safety and efficiency.

关键词： Black hole attack IoV vehicular ad hoc network AODV routing protocol

Impediments of Cognitive System Engineering in Machine-Human Modeling

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 6689-6701页

作者： fayaz Ahmad fayaz Arun Malik Isha Batra Akber Abid Gardezi Syed Immamul Ansarullah Shafiq Ahmad Mejdal Alqahtani Muhammad Shafiq National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology(NIELIT) J&K191132India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Lovely Professional University(LPU)Punjab144402India Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Department of Computer Science Govt.Degree College Sumbal Kashmir193501India Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

A comprehensive understanding of human intelligence is still an ongoing process,i.e.,human and information security are not yet perfectly *** understanding cognitive processes,designers can design humanized cognitive information systems(CIS).The need for this research is justified because today’s business decision makers are faced with questions they cannot answer in a given amount of time without the use of cognitive information *** researchers aim to better strengthen cognitive information systems with more pronounced cognitive thresholds by demonstrating the resilience of cognitive resonant frequencies to reveal possible responses to improve the efficiency of human-computer interaction(HCI).Apractice-oriented research approach included research analysis and a review of existing articles to pursue a comparative research model;thereafter,amodel development paradigm was used to observe and monitor the progression of CIS during *** scope of our research provides a broader perspective on how different disciplines affect HCI and how human cognitive models can be enhanced to enrich *** have identified a significant gap in the current literature on mental processing resulting from a wide range of theory and practice.

关键词： Cognitive-IoT human-computer interaction decision making

Tree ring derived summer temperature variability over the past millennium in the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第4期17卷 1026-1036页

作者： fayaz ASAD Haifeng ZHU Tabassum YASEEN Ru HUANG Mukund Palat RAO Department of Botany Bacha Khan University CharsaddaKhyber Dakhtun Khaw 24420Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals Barcelona 08193Spain Department of Plant Science University of California Davis(UC Davis)95616CaliforniaUSA Tree Ring Laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityNY 10964USA

Long-term high resolution climate proxies are essential for understanding climate variability particularly,in regions such as the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan,where few long-term climate records are *** standard dendrochronological methods,an 1132-year(882 to 2013 C.E.)tree-ring chronology of Juniperus excelsa *** was established from the western Himalayas,northern Pakistan(WHNP).Tree growth was negatively and significantly(r=-0.65)correlated with the growing season(June-July)mean temperature,and positively and weakly(r=0.22)associated with *** inverse relationship of tree radial growth with temperature and positive association with precipitation demonstrated that forest growth is sensitive to high temperature related *** a reliable STD chronology and robust reconstruction model,a 928-year(1086 to 2013 C.E.)mean temperature reconstruction was developed for the WHNP using the substantial negative correlation between the summer temperature and standard tree ring-width *** to statistical validation,the reconstruction accounted for 41.6% of the climatic variation for the period of 1956-2013 *** *** extreme-warm periods occurred in 1093 C.E.(29.42℃)and extreme cold periods in 1088 C.E.(26.99℃)observed during the past 928 *** reconstruction's multi-taper method(MTM)spectral analysis reveals significant(p<0.05)2-3-year and 63.8-year *** the 2-3-year cycle occurred within the range of ENSO variation,which indicates that ENSO had an impact on the regional temperature in our studied area.

关键词： tree rings Juniperus excelsa dendrochronology reconstruction western Himalaya

An Efficient and Robust Hand Gesture Recognition System of Sign Language Employing Finetuned Inception-V3 and Efficientnet-B0 Network

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第9期46卷 3509-3525页

作者： Adnan Hussain Sareer Ul Amin Muhammad fayaz Sanghyun Seo Department of Computer Science Islamia College UniversityPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul06974Korea Department of Computer Engineering Cyprus International UniversityLefkosa99010Rep.of North Cyprus College of Art and Technology Chung-Ang.UniversityAnseong17546Korea

Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)is a promising research area with an extensive range of applications,such as surgery,video game techniques,and sign language translation,where sign language is a complicated structured form of hand *** fundamental building blocks of structured expressions in sign language are the arrangement of the fingers,the orientation of the hand,and the hand’s position concerning the *** importance of HGR has increased due to the increasing number of touchless applications and the rapid growth of the hearing-impaired ***,real-time HGR is one of the most effective interaction methods between computers and *** a user-free interface with good recognition performance should be the goal of real-time HGR ***,Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)shows great recognition rates for different image-level classification *** is challenging to train deep CNN networks like VGG-16,VGG-19,Inception-v3,and Efficientnet-B0 from scratch because only some significant labeled image datasets are available for static hand gesture ***,an efficient and robust hand gesture recognition system of sign language employing finetuned Inception-v3 and Efficientnet-Bo network is proposed to identify hand gestures using a comparative small HGR *** show that Inception-v3 achieved 90%accuracy and 0.93%precision,0.91%recall,and 0.90%f1-score,respectively,while EfficientNet-B0 achieved 99%accuracy and 0.98%,0.97%,0.98%,precision,recall,and f1-score respectively.

关键词： Pretrained CNN hand gesture recognition transfer learning

Improved Sequencing Heuristic DSDV Protocol Using Nomadic Mobility Model for FANETS

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 3653-3666页

作者： Inam Ullah Khan Muhammad Abul Hassan Muhammad fayaz Jeonghwan Gwak Muhammad Adnan Aziz Department of Electronic Engineering Isra University(SEAS)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computing and Technology Abasyn University Peshawar25000Pakistan Deparment of Computer Engineering Jeju National UniversityJejuKorea Department of Software Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of AI Robotics Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of IT&Energy Convergence(BK21 FOUR) Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea

Most interesting area is the growing demand of flying-IoT mergers with smart ***,aerial vehicles,especially unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),have limited capabilities for maintaining node energy *** order to communicate effectively,IoT is a key element for smart *** improving network performance,routing protocols can be deployed in flying-IoT to improve latency,packet drop rate,packet delivery,power utilization,and average-end-to-end ***,in literature,proposed techniques are verymuch complex which cannot be easily implemented in realworld *** issue leads to the development of lightweight energyefficient routing in flying-IoT *** paper addresses the energy conservation problem in *** paper presents a novel approach for the internet of flying vehicles using DSDV ***-DSDV gives the notion of bellman-ford algorithm consisting of routing updates,information broadcasting,and stale *** shows optimal results in comparison with other contemporary routing *** mobility model is utilized in the scenario of flying networks to check the performance of routing protocols.

关键词： Flying-IoT DSR smart cities UAV’s FANETS

Developing Transparent IDS for VANETs Using LIME and SHAP:An Empirical Study

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第12期77卷 3185-3208页

作者： fayaz Hassan Jianguo Yu Zafi Sherhan Syed Arif Hussain Magsi Nadeem Ahmed Beijing Key Laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring School of Electronic EngineeringBeijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100876China Department of Telecommunication Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoro76062Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100876China School of Electronic Science Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100876China

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs)are mobile ad-hoc networks that use vehicles as nodes to create a wireless *** VANETs offer many advantages over traditional transportation networks,ensuring security in VANETs remains a significant challenge due to the potential for malicious *** study addresses the critical issue of security in VANETs by introducing an intelligent Intrusion Detection System(IDS)that merges Machine Learning(ML)–based attack detection with Explainable AI(XAI)*** study ML pipeline involves utilizing correlation-based feature selection followed by a Random Forest(RF)classifier that achieves a classification accuracy of 100%for the binary classification task of identifying normal and malicious *** innovative aspect of this study is the incorporation of XAI methodologies,specifically the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations(LIME)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).In addition,this research also considered key features identified by mutual information-based feature selection for the task at *** major findings from this study reveal that the XAI-based intrusion detection methods offer distinct insights into feature *** features identified by mutual information,LIME,and SHAP predominantly relate to Transmission Control Protocol(TCP),Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP),Domain Name System(DNS),and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport(MQTT)protocols,highlighting their significance in distinguishing normal and malicious network *** XAI approach equips cybersecurity experts with a robust means of identifying and understanding VANET malicious activities,forming a foundation for more effective security countermeasures.

关键词： Intrusion detection system machine learning security vehicular networks

An Energy-Efficient Mobile Agent-Based Data Aggregation Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5929-5948页

作者： Gulzar Mehmood Muhammad Zahid Khan Muhammad fayaz Mohammad Faisal Haseeb Ur Rahman Jeonghwan Gwak Department of Computer Science&Information Technology University of MalakandChakdara Dir Lower23021Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Central AsiaNarynKyrgyzstan Department of Software Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of AI Robotics Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of IT and Energy Convergence(BK21 FOUR) Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea

Due to the advancement in wireless technology and miniaturization,Wireless Body Area Networks(WBANs)have gained enormous popularity,having various applications,especially in the healthcare *** are intrinsically resource-constrained;therefore,they have specific design and development *** such highly desirable requirement is an energy-efficient and reliable Data Aggregation(DA)mechanism for *** efficient and reliableDAmay ultimately push the network to operate without much human intervention and further extend the network *** conventional client-serverDAparadigm becomes unsuitable and inefficient for WBANs when a large amount of data is generated in the ***,in most of the healthcare applications(patient’s critical conditions),it is highly important and required to send data as soon as possible;therefore,reliable data aggregation in WBANs is of great *** tackle the shortcomings of the client-serverDAparadigm,theMobile Agent-Basedmechanismproved to be a more workable *** aMobile Agent-Based mechanism,a taskspecific mobile agent(code)traverses to the intended sources to gather *** agents travel on a predefined path called itinerary;however,planning a suitable and reliable itinerary for a mobile agent is also a challenging issue *** paper presents a new Mobile Agent-Based DA scheme for WBANs,which is energy-efficient and ***,in the proposed scheme,the network is divided into clusters,and cluster-heads are ***,a mobile agent is generated from the base station to collect the required data from cluster *** the case,if any fault occurs in the existing itinerary,an alternate itinerary is planned in real-time without compromising the network *** our simulation-based validation,we have found that the proposed system delivers significantly improved fault-tolerance and reliability with energy-efficiency and extended network lifetime in WBANs.

关键词： WBANs mobile-agent data aggregation reliability

Application of the Deep Convolutional Neural Network for the Classification of Auto Immune Diseases

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 647-664页

作者： fayaz Muhammad Jahangir Khan Asad Ullah Fasee Ullah Razaullah Khan Inayat Khan Mohammed ElAffendi Gauhar Ali Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Sarhad University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

IIF(Indirect Immune Florescence)has gained much attention recently due to its importance in medical *** primary purpose of this work is to highlight a step-by-step methodology for detecting autoimmune *** use of IIF for detecting autoimmune diseases is widespread in different medical *** 80 different types of autoimmune diseases have existed in various body *** IIF has been used for image classification in both ways,manually and by using the Computer-Aided Detection(CAD)*** data scientists conducted various research works using an automatic CAD system with low *** diseases in the human body can be detected with the help of Transfer Learning(TL),an advanced Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)*** baseline paper applied the manual classification to the MIVIA dataset of Human Epithelial cells(HEP)type II cells and the Sub Class Discriminant(SDA)analysis technique used to detect autoimmune *** technique yielded an accuracy of up to 90.03%,which was not reliable for detecting autoimmune disease in the mitotic cells of the *** the current research,the work has been performed on the MIVIA data set of HEP type II cells by using four well-known models of *** augmentation and normalization have been applied to the dataset to overcome the problem of overfitting and are also used to improve the performance of TL *** models are named Inception V3,Dens Net 121,VGG-16,and Mobile Net,and their performance can be calculated through parameters of the confusion matrix(accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 measures).The results show that the accuracy value of VGG-16 is 78.00%,Inception V3 is 92.00%,Dense Net 121 is 95.00%,and Mobile Net shows 88.00%accuracy,***,DenseNet-121 shows the highest performance with suitable analysis of autoimmune *** overall performance highlighted that TL is a suitable and enhanced technique compared to its ***,the proposed technique is used

关键词： Indirect immune fluorescence computer-aided diagnosis transfer learning confusion matrix

In vitro meat production: Challenges and benefits over conventional meat production

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 241-248页

作者： Zuhaib fayaz Bhat Sunil Kumar Hina fayaz Division of Livestock Products Technology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of JammuJammu 181102 India Division of Biotechnology University of KashmirSrinagar 190006 India

In vitro meat production system is the production of meat outside the food animals by culturing the stem cells derived from farm animals inside the bioreactor by using advanced tissue engineering techniques. Besides winning the favour of animal rights activists for its humane production of meat, in vitro meat production system also circumvents many of the issues associated with conventional meat production systems, like excessively brutal slaughter of food animals, nutrition-related diseases, foodborne illnesses, resource use, antibiotic-resistant pathogen strains, and massive emissions of methane that contribute to global warming. As the conditions in an in vitro meat production system are controlled and manipulatable, it will be feasible to produce designer, chemically safe and disease-free meat on sustainable basis. However, many challenges are to be faced before cultured meat becomes commercially feasible. Although, the production cost and the public acceptance are of paramount importance, huge funds are desperately required for further research in the field.

关键词： in vitro meat history advantages techniques problems