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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 273-287页

作者： Wei Huang Danni Ma fawad zaman Xulei Hao Li Xia E Zhang Pu Wang Mingle Wang Fei Guo Yu Wang Dejiang Ni Hua Zhao National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China

In plants,the lysine and histidine transporter(LHT)family represent a class of proteins that mediate the uptake,translocation,and utilization of amino *** tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is a perennial evergreen with a relatively high level of amino ***,systematic identification and molecular characterization of the LHT gene family has rarely been reported in tea *** this study,22 CsLHTs were identified from the‘Shuchazao’genome and classified into two *** modeled three-dimensional structure and the conserved domains presented a high similarity among the LHTs ***,it was predicted that a few genes were conserved through the analysis of the physiochemical characters,structures and cis-elements in *** expression patterns in tea plants revealed that CsLHT7 was mainly expressed in the roots,and CsLHT4 and CsLHT11 exhibited relatively high expression in both the roots and ***,the expression of all three genes could be induced by organic ***,heterogeneous expression of CsLHT4,CsLHT7 and CsLHT11 in Arabidopsis thaliana decreased the aerial parts biomass compared with that in WT plants while significantly increased the rosette biomass only for CsLHT11transgenic plants versus WT ***,our results provide fundamental information about CsLHTs and potential genes in N utilization for further analysis in tea plants.

关键词： Camellia sinensis Nitrogen Lysine and histidine transporter(LHT)family

Four-dimensional parameter estimation of plane waves using swarming intelligence

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第7期23卷 754-761页

作者： fawad zaman Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi Fahad Munir Zafar Ullah Khan Department of Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology International Islamic University Sector H-10 Department of Electrical Engineering Air University

This paper proposes an efficient approach for four-dimensional （4D） parameter estimation of plane waves impinging on a 2-L shape array. The 4D parameters include amplitude, frequency and the two-dimensional （2D） direction of arrival, namely, azimuth and elevation angles. The proposed approach is based on memetic computation, in which the global optimizer, particle swarm optimization is hybridized with a rapid local search technique, pattern search. For this purpose, a new multi-objective fitness function is used. This fitness function is the combination of mean square error and the correlation between the normalized desired and estimated vectors. The proposed hybrid scheme is not only compared with individual performances of particle swarm optimization and pattern search, but also with the performance of the hybrid genetic algorithm and that of the traditional approach. A large number of Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed scheme. It gives promising results in terms of estimation accuracy, convergence rate, proximity effect and robustness against noise.

关键词： amplitude estimation direction of arrival estimation frequency estimation genetic algorithm

Flower Pollination Heuristics for Parameter Estimation of Electromagnetic Plane Waves

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2529-2543页

作者： Sadiq Akbar Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja Naveed Ishtiaq Chaudhary fawad zaman Hani Alquhayz Department of Electronics University of PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyDouliou64002Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering International Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information College of Science in ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

For the last few decades,the parameter estimation of electromagnetic plane waves i.e.,far field sources,impinging on antenna array geometries has attracted a lot of researchers due to their use in radar,sonar and under water acoustic *** this work,nature inspired heuristics based on the flower pollination algorithm(FPA)is designed for the estimation problem of amplitude and direction of arrival of far field sources impinging on uniform linear array(ULA).Using the approximation in mean squared error sense,a fitness function of the problem is developed and the strength of the FPA is utilized for optimization of the cost function representing scenarios for various number of sources non-coherent located in the far *** worth of the proposed FPA based nature inspired computing heuristic is established through assessment studies on fitness,histograms,cumulative distribution function and box plots *** other worthy perks of the proposed scheme include simplicity of concept,ease in the implementation,extendibility and wide range of applicability to solve complex optimization *** salient features make the proposed approach as an attractive alternative to be exploited for solving different parameter estimation problems arising in nonlinear systems,power signal modelling,image processing and fault diagnosis.

关键词： Direction of arrival flower pollination algorithm plane waves parameter estimation

Detecting faulty sensors in an array using symmetrical structure and cultural algorithm hybridized with differential evolution

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017年第2期18卷 235-245页

作者： Shafqat Ullah KHAN Ijaz Mansoor QURESHI fawad zaman Wasim KHAN School of Engineering & Applied Sciences ISRA University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Electrical Department Air University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Electrical Department COMSAT Instimte of lnformation Technology Attock 44000 Pakistan Electronic Engineering Department International Islamic University H-10 lslamabad 44000 Pakistan

The detection of fully and partially defective sensors in a linear array composed of N sensors is addressed. First, the symmetrical structure of a linear array is proposed. Second, a hybrid technique based on the cultural algorithm with differential evolution is developed. The symmetrical structure has two advantages：（1） Instead of finding all damaged patterns, only （N-1）/2 patterns are needed; （2） We are required to scan the region from 0° to 90°instead of from 0° to 180°. Obviously, the computational complexity can be reduced. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to validate the performance of the proposed scheme, compared with existing methods in terms of computational time and mean square error.

关键词： Cultural algorithm Differential evolution Linear symmetrical sensor array

Natural variation of main biochemical components,morphological and yield traits among a panel of 87 tea [Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze] cultivars

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第3期9卷 563-576页

作者： fawad zaman EZhang Li Xia Xielong Deng Muhammad Ilyas Ahmad Ali Fei Guo Pu Wang Mingle Wang Yu Wang Dejiang Ni Hua Zhao Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China

Many attentions have been previously focused to identify the multiple biochemical components related to tea quality and health benefits,however, the natural variation of biochemical components present in tea germplasm has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, the main biochemical components, leaf morphological and yield characteristics were evaluated for four rounds of tea leaves in a panel of 87 elite tea cultivars suitable for black, green, or oolong tea. Significant variations were observed among the tea cultivars, as well as seasonal differences in the levels of the free amino acid(FAA), caffeine(CAF), tea polyphenols(TP), water extract(WE) and TP to FAA ratio(TP/FAA). Results showed that the average levels of FAA showed a seasonal change, with the highest level of 4.0% in the 1st spring tea in the cultivars suitable for green tea and the lowest of 3.2% in summer tea in the cultivars suitable for black tea. The average CAF content was highest 3.2% in the cultivars suitable for oolong tea in the 1st spring and the lowest 2.5% in the cultivars suitable for green tea in summer. Limited seasonal and varietal variations were noticed in the average levels of WE among the three categories of tea. In addition, significant natural variation of the morphological characteristics, bud length varying from 2.5 cm to 8.7 cm, bud density from 190.3 buds · m-2to 1 730.3 buds · m-2, mature leaves biomass from 128.4 kg · hm-2to 2 888.4 kg · hm-2, and yield component traits of 100 buds(one bud with two leaves) dry weight from 3.7 g to37.7 g, tea yield/round from 444.6 kg · hm-2to 905.3 kg · hm-2, were observed. The aim of our evaluation was not only to identify the advantages of seasonal and clonal variations but also to provide a new viewpoint for their further application. Representative accessions were selected from the germplasm to promote the establishment of an inherent biochemical constituent expressing the quality of black, green, and oolong tea. The findings might

关键词： Camellia sinensis Biochemical components Germplasm Natural variation Morphology Yield