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Vertical Profile Comparison of Aerosol and Cloud Optical Properties in Dominated Dust and Smoke Regions over Africa Based on Space-Based Lidar

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 588-602页

作者： Didier Ntwali Getachew Dubache faustin Katchele Ogou Rwanda Space Agency (RSA) Earth and Space Science Division Kigali Rwanda College of Reading Academy Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics Department of Physics University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

This study evaluates the vertical profiles of aerosol and cloud optical properties in 40 dominated dust and smoke regions in Western-Northern Africa (WNA) and Central-Southern Africa (CSA), respectively, from the surface to 10km and from 2008 to 2011 based on LIVAS (LIdar climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure for space-based lidar simulation studies). Aerosol extinction (AE), aerosol backscatter (AB), and aerosol depolarization (AD) generally increase from the surface to 1.2 km and decrease from 1.2 km to the upper layers in both WNA and CSA. AE and AB in CSA (maximum of 0.13 km-1, 0.14 km-1, 0.0021 km-1‧sr-1, 0.0033 km-1‧sr-1) are higher than in WNA (maximum of 0.07 km-1, 0.08 km-1, 0.0017 km-1‧sr-1, 0.0015 km-1‧sr-1) at 532 and 1064 nm respectively. AD in WNA (maximum of 0.25) is significantly higher than in CSA (maximum of 0.05). There is a smooth change with the height of cloud extinction and backscatter in WNA and CSA, while there is a remarkable increase of cloud depolarization with height, whereby it is high in CSA and low in WNA due to high and low fraction of cirrus respectively. Altocumulus has the highest extinction in NA (0.0139 km-1), CA (0.058 km-1), WA (0.013 km-1), while low overcast transparent (0.76 km-1) below 1 km in SA. The major findings of this study may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of aerosol-cloud interaction studies in dominated dust and smoke aerosol regions.

关键词： Vertical Profile Dust Aerosols Smoke Aerosols Clouds Africa Lidar Climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure for Space-Based Lidar Simulation Studies (LIVAS)

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Application of Structuration Theory and Activity Theory in Enterprise Resources Planning Systems Implementation for Universities

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Computer Technology and Application 2012年第5期3卷 383-392页

作者： Clement Mayieko Nyandiere faustin Kamuzora Ismail Ateya Lukandu Faculty of lnformation Technology Strathmore University Nairobi 00200 Kenya Institute of Development Studies Mzumbe University Mzumbe Tanzania

An integration of organization culture in the conceptualization and development of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems （ERPs） is critical for an organization to reap potential benefits of the system. In this paper, the authors present an analytical approach through the Structuration Theory： How a university can assess its culture for the purposes of design and development of the ERPs. The authors extend the Structuration Theory by integrating it with the Activity Theory to provide the means of evaluating the activities that the system is to perform. The modified Orlikowski model is applied to depict the relationship between institutional properties, human agents, and technology in the university setup and how this offers a more inclusive approach to ERP systems development and implementation.

关键词： Structuration theory activity theory information systems ERPs (enterprise resource planning systems) organization culture.

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Toolkits for Real Time Digital Audio Signal Processing Teaching Laboratory

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2015年第2期6卷 92-98页

作者： Kizito Nkurikiyeyezu faustin Ahishakiye Cyprien Nsengimana Etienne Ntagwirumugara Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda

This paper describes an audio digital signal-processing toolkit that the authors develop to supplement a lecture course on digital signal processing (DSP) taught at the department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at the University of Rwanda. In engineering education, laboratory work is a very important component for a holistic learning experience. However, even though today there is an increasing availability of programmable DSP hardware that students can largely benefit from, many poorly endowed universities cannot afford a costly full-fledged DSP laboratory. To help remedy this problem, the authors have developed C#.NET toolkits, which can be used for real-time digital audio signal processing laboratory. These toolkits can be used with any managed languages, like Visual Basic, C#, F# and managed C++. They provide frequently used modules for digital audio processing such as filtering, equalization, spectrum analysis, audio playback, and sound effects. It is anticipated that by creating a flexible and reusable components, students will not only learn fundamentals of DSP but also get an insight into the practicability of what they have learned in the classroom.

关键词： DSP Filter Digital Audio Effects Graphic Equalization Laboratory Teaching

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Mineral Uptake of Heavy Metals by Some Marine Organisms along the Limbe Coastline in Cameroon and Health Risk Assessment

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第6期10卷 106-120页

作者： Jean faustin Sabouang Roland Ndi Mbongko Lawan Loubou Mohamadou National Radiation Protection Agency Yaounde Cameroon Specialized Research Station for Fisheries and Oceanography IRAD Limbe Cameroon

This study aimed at investigating the content of heavy metals in some marine organisms of the Cameroon Atlantic coast and assessing the health risk due to their consumption by the population. Nine fish and one shrimp species were collected for this study. These fish species were Ethmolosa fimbriata, Drepane africana, Dentex moroccanus, Arius latiscotatus, Scarus hoefleri, Cynoglossus browni, Sardinella madorensis, Pseudotolithus elongatus, Pseudotolithus typus. The shrimp species was Macrobranchium macrobranchium. The elements investigated in this study were: Fe, Co, Cu, Cd and Pb. For seven fish species it was found that the concentration of heavy metals followed the order Fe > Co > Cd > Cu > Pb. For most fish species the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) value calculated showed the following trend Cd > Co > Pb > Fe ≥ Cu. Cadmium was found to be the main contributor to health risk that may result from the consumption of the fish species under study. The THQ for this element was in the range 0.7 - 1.2 while the Target Cancer Risk (TR) due to ingestion of this metal was in the range (3 × 10-4 - 6 × 10-4). These values are slightly above the threshold limits established for both carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks by the United States, Environmental Protection Agency. The estimated weekly intake of cadmium due to consumption of some fishes under study was greater or equal to the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) determined by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.

关键词： Marine Fish Heavy Metal Health Risk Target Hazard Quotient

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Smallholder Pigs Production Systems in Tanzania

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2015年第1期5卷 47-60页

作者： Eliakunda Kimbi faustin Lekule James Mlangwa Helena Mejer Stig Thamsborg Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI) Uyole P.O. Box 6191 Mbeya 53126 Tanzania Department of Animal Science and Production Sokoine University of Agriculture P.O. Box 3004 Morogoro 67125 Tanzania Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health Sokoine University of Agriculture P.O. Box 3021 Morogoro 67125Tanzania Department of Veterinary Disease Biology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Dyrlaegevej 100DK- 1870 Frederiksberg C Denmark

Pig production is becoming increasingly important in Mbozi and Mbeya rural districts to characterise smallholder pig Eastern Africa in recent years. Two studies were carried out in production systems and associated pig management practises. A participatory rural appraisal （PRA）, involving 279 pigs-keeping households in nine villages and a cross sectional survey using a random sample of 300 pig farmers in 30 villages of the study districts, were used to collect data. Important economic activities were crop farming, livestock keeping, petty business, casual labour and artisan works in that order. The mean farm size and number of pigs per household was 2 ± 2.7 ha and 4.9 ±4.2 pigs, respectively. The largest categories of pig herd structure were breeding females followed by piglets. Age, marital status, household size and land size of household head had significant influence on the pig herd size （P 〈 0.05）. Pig farmers practised three main types of pig management systems, namely, total confinement, semi confinement and free range/herding. Each system had specific management practices in relation to feeding and housing. The frequencies of these systems varied significantly （P 〈 0.01） by socio-economic factors, such as, educational status of household head, land size and herd sizes of pigs, goats and cattle. The authors recommend effective use of locally available resources and careful consideration of existing farming systems for sustainable development of smallholder pig production.

关键词： Smallhotder pig management systems and practices.

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Implementing Enterprise Systems for Management： A Case of Kenyan Universities

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Computer Technology and Application 2012年第8期3卷 558-563页

作者： Clement Nyandiere faustin Kamuzora Ismail Ateya Lukandu Vincent Omwenga Faculty of Information Technology Strathmore University Nairobi 00200 Kenya Institute of Development Studies Mzumbe University Mzumbe Tanzania

Kenyan universities, as other business entities, are implementing various information systems to facilitate their operations. The systems include enterprise systems which are implemented to enhance institutional management given their emphasis on standardisation, streamlining, and integration of business operations. In this study, the authors have established that Kenyan universities have mainly implemented systems for finance and accounting, student admissions, examinations management, and library services. The authors have also established that there are no significant differences in information systems needs among Kenyan universities, but there are significant differences in strengths and weaknesses among the private and public universities in the capabilities of systems they have implemented. The authors have further established that despite fears especially on delays in projects implementation and system costs, Kenyan universities are in a position to implement enterprise systems to facilitate their operations. However, the universities need to allocate more funds to systems implementation if they have to successfully implement enterprise systems which generally require more resources than ordinary software applications.

关键词： Enterprise resource planning systems (ERPs) information systems university management.

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Developmental pathways associated with cancer metastasis:Notch,Wnt,and Hedgehog

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第2期14卷 109-120页

作者： Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje Paul Takam Kamga Richard Tagne Simo Lorella Vecchio Paul faustin Seke Etet Jean Marc Muller Giulio Bassi Erique Lukong Raghuveera Kumar Goel Jeremie Mbo Amvene Mauro Krampera Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Ngaoundere Laboratory University of Verona Department of Basic Health SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesQassim University Faculty of Science University of Poitiers Department of Biochemistry College of MedicineUniversity of Saskatchewan

Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death,motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many solid tumors, where they drive or contribute to cancer initiation, but also in primary and metastatic tumor development. The reactivation of developmental pathways in cancer stroma favors the development of cancer stem cells and allows their maintenance, indicating these signaling pathways as particularly attractive targets for efficient anticancer therapies, especially in advanced primary tumors and metastatic cancers. Metastasis is the worst feature of cancer development. This feature results from a cascade of events emerging from the hijacking of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion by transforming cells and is associated with poor survival, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. In the present review, we summarize and discuss experimental data suggesting pivotal roles for developmental pathways in cancer development and metastasis, considering the therapeutic potential. Emerging targeted antimetastatic therapies based on Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways are also discussed.

关键词： Cancer metastasis developmental pathways Notch Wnt Hedgehog therapeutic targets

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New targeted therapies for breast cancer: A focus on tumor microenvironmental signals and chemoresistant breast cancers

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第12期2卷 769-786页

作者： Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje Paul faustin Seke Etet Lorella Vecchio Richard Simo Tagne Jeremie Mbo Amvene Jean-Marc Muller Mauro Krampera Kiven Erique Lukong Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of NgaoundéréPO Box 454 NgaoundéréCameroon Department of Basic Health Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Qassim UniversityBuraydah 52571 Saudi Arabia Université de Poitiers Faculté des Sciences P?le Biologie-Santé Bat B36 1 rue Georges Bonnet-BP633 86022 Poitiers cedex France Department of Medicine Section of Hematology Stem Cell Research Laboratory University of Verona 37129 Verona Italy Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E5 Canada

Breast cancer is the most frequent female malignancy worldwide. Current strategies in breast cancer therapy,including classical chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies, are usually associated with chemoresistance and serious adverse effects. Advances in our understanding of changes affecting the interactome in advanced and chemoresistant breast tumors have provided novel therapeutic targets, including, cyclin dependent kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin,Notch, Wnt and Shh. Inhibitors of these molecules recently entered clinical trials in mono- and combination therapy in metastatic and chemo-resistant breast cancers. Anticancer epigenetic drugs, mainly histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, also entered clinical trials. Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer, the future in therapy lies in the application of individualized tailored regimens. Emerging therapeutic targets and the implications for personalized-based therapy development in breast cancer are herein discussed.

关键词： Breast cancer Microenvironment Signaling molecule Targeted therapy Chemoresistance

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Mesenchymal stromal cells' role in tumor microenvironment:involvement of signaling pathways

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第2期14卷 129-141页

Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells residing as pericytes in various tissues and organs where they can differentiate into specialized cells to replace dying cells and damaged tissues. These cells are commonly found at injury sites and in tumors that are known to behave like "wounds that do not heal." In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of MSCs in migrating, homing, and repairing injured tissues. We also review a number of reports showing that tumor microenvironment triggers plasticity mechanisms in MSCs to induce malignant neoplastic tissue formation, maintenance, and chemoresistance, as well as tumor growth. The antitumor properties and therapeutic potential of MSCs are also discussed.

关键词： Mesenchymal stromal cells systemic circulation migration homing tumor modulation signaling pathways chemoresistance

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Assessment of the 2 Conventional Physiotherapy Sessions Alone versus One Session Associated to Kabat’s Method in the Rehabilitation of Buruli Ulcer Patients (PUB), with Functional Limitations in the District Hospital of Akonolinga, Cameroon

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Surgical Science 2023年第6期14卷 428-435页

作者： Fred Dikongue Dikongue faustin Tsatedem Atemkeng Joseph Fondop Jean Hubert Donfack Alain Djam Nkomo Banga Mbida Mpoame Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a chronic, indolent necrotizing disease of the skin and underlying tissues caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, which may result in functional disability. This disease is the third most frequent infection after leprosy and tuberculosis caused by a mycobacterium. The main objective of this study was to determine comparative effectiveness of conventional physiotherapy alone to its association with Kabat’s method in the management of post-Buruli ulcer functional limitations. This was an interventional randomized, comparative and prospective study. It took place at the district hospital of Akonolinga from the 12th June to 12th September 2016. The study was included, post-Buruli ulcer patients who matched the eligibility criteria, were under treatment in the physiotherapy unit, and who accepted to participate in our study. A questionnaire on the socio-demographic profile of participants, the ulcer localization, the limitation stage, previous medical history and functional mobility assessment scale was administered to the subjects before and after the intervention which lasted for twelve weeks. We had 2 groups: the case group received association of Kabat technique to conventional physiotherapy and the control group received conventional physiotherapy alone. We had 22 patients, 11 patients for the experimental group, 11 patients for the control group. The mean age was 26.18 years, 54.5% of female participation, 68.2% of leg localization, 59.1% patients with severe limitations of functional mobility, and preference for traditional medication 95.5%. After evaluation of efficiency, we concluded that there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment protocols. Further studies with larger sample size are recommended.

关键词： Buruli Ulcer Functional Limitations Physiotherapy Kabat Technique

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