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Pa.ments for Ecosystem Services Incentives a.d a.option of La.d Use Interventions in Uluguru Mounta.ns, Ta.za.ia

a.ricultura. Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 299-316页

作者： La.a.o Ka.a.a.Felister Mombo fatihiya a. massawe Sokoine University of a.riculture Morogoro Tanzania Depa.tment of Forest & Environmenta. Economics College of Forest Wildlife & Tourism Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Depa.tment of Policy Planning and Management College of Social Sciences and Humanities Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

The role pla.ed by Pa.ments for ecosystem services (PES) in promoting la.d use interventions is increa.ingly being recognized a. a. importa.t instrument for cha.ging la.d use ma.a.ement worldwide. Despite the increa.e, a.option of la.d use interventions promoted by PES a.d fa.tors influencing it a.e not well understood. This study wa. ca.ried out to a.sess the a.option of la.d use interventions promoted by PES scheme four yea.s a.ter its implementa.ion in the Uluguru Mounta.ns, Ta.za.ia. The specific objectives of this study were to a.sess the a.option a.d fa.tors tha. influenced it. The study employed questionna.re survey method to collect da.a.from 219 households selected ra.domly. Focus group discussions a.d key informa.t interviews were a.so conducted to complement informa.ion obta.ned through questionna.re surveys. Descriptive a.d inferentia. sta.istica. a.a.yses were employed. Bina.y logistic regression wa. used to a.a.yse qua.tita.ive da.a.obta.ned, while content a.a.ysis wa. a.plied to qua.ita.ive da.a. Results revea.ed tha. during the project implementa.ion, 40% of the households did not a.opt a.y of the promoted interventions. Unexpectedly, four yea.s a.ter the project ended, every household sa.pled ha. a.opted the interventions. Households hea.ed by younger hea.s a.d those with la.d ownership, households which received PES incentives a.d lived for a.long time in the sa.e a.ea.a.d those with more la.our force a.d a.cess to extension services were found to ha.e a.opted more interventions (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, the study concludes tha. socioeconomic cha.a.teristics, a.ricultura. extension services a.d incentives initia.ly provided to fa.mers a.e key fa.tors influencing the a.option of la.d use interventions. Therefore, it is recommended to the government tha. it should support fa.mers to get la.d tenure a.d to provide them with more incentives to improve their fa.ms through a.opting technologies.

关键词： Ecosystem Services Pa.ments for Ecosystem Services Wa.ersheds La.d Use Interventions Incentives a.d a.option

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a.a.ysis of ra.nfa.l va.ia.ility over Ta.za.ia.in la.e a.stra. summer

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a.mospheric a.d Ocea.ic Science Letters 2021年第4期14卷 13-18页

作者： Witness Cla. massawe Ziniu Xia. Sta.e Key La.ora.ory of Numerica. Modeling for a.mospheric Sciences a.d Geophysica. Fluid Dyna.ics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese a.a.emy of Sciences BeijingChina

Ba.ed on site-observa.ion da.a.NCEP–NCa. rea.a.ysis da.a.a.d Clima.ic Resea.ch Unit gridded da.a.the ra.nfa.l va.ia.ility over Ta.za.ia.during la.e a.stra. summer(Ja.ua.y–Ma.ch,JFM)wa. a.a.yzed for the period 1961–***,the a.socia.ed a.mospheric circula.ion a.d SST a.oma.ies(SSTa.)were explored to understa.d the mecha.isms of dry-a.d wet-yea. ca.es ba.ed on a. intera.nua. time *** correla.ion,Morlet wa.elet power spectrum,a.d composite a.a.ysis methods were *** results showed tha. the JFM sta.da.dized ra.nfa.l a.oma.y time series exhibited significa.t time sca.es of va.ia.ility a. intera.nua.(2–8 yea.s)a.d qua.ideca.a.(8–12 yea.s).During dry yea.s,a.oma.ous a.ticyclonic northea.terly flow origina.ing from western tropica. India. a.d southea.t tra.es from the India. Ocea. to the southea.t were a.socia.ed with subsiding dry a.r,which resulted in suppression of ra.nfa.l a. *** the typica. wet-yea. ca.es,mea.while,a.oma.ous westerlies from the tropica. a.d southea.t a.la.tic were strengthened over the Congo ba.in,delivering more precipita.ion to the *** correla.ion wa. exhibited over the western tropica. a.d southea.t India. Ocea.,a. well a. the southea.t a.d tropica. a.la.tic *** SSTa.pa.terns fa.ored a.mospheric genera. circula.ion a.oma.ies tha. were closely rela.ed to JFM ra.nfa.l over Ta.za.ia.

关键词： Ra.nfa.l va.ia.ility Ta.za.ia SST a.oma.y Dry a.d wet yea. a.mospheric genera. circula.ion

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Reproduction a.d popula.ion dyna.ics of Ma.tomys na.a.ensis Smith, 1834 in a. a.ricultura. la.dsca.e in the Western Usa.ba.a.Mounta.ns, Ta.za.ia

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Integra.ive Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 233-238页

作者： Rhodes H.Ma.UNDI a.ia.W.massawe Loth S.MULUNGU Pest Ma.a.ement Center Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania

The multima.ma.e ra.,Ma.tomys na.a.ensis Smith 1834,is a.domina.t species in a.ro-ecosystems in Sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica.but a.a.ts quickly to cha.ges in non-a.ricultura. la.dsca.e,pa.ticula.ly woodla.ds a.d *** this study we report on reproduction a.d popula.ion dyna.ics of *** in deforested high eleva.ion loca.ities in the Usa.ba.a.Mounta.ns,north-ea.t *** conducted Ca.ture-Ma.k-Reca.ture studies in 2002-2004,a.d esta.lished tha. reproduction of *** ta.es pla.e in the extended wet sea.on between Februa.y a.d June,a.d the popula.ion density pea.s in *** cea.e in July to Ja.ua.y a.d popula.ion density drops from July *** a.d popula.ion density fluctua.ions a.e linked to the dura.ion a.d a.ount of *** yea.s when ra.nfa.l wa. below a.era.e a.d the wet sea.on wa. short,the popula.ion density wa. significa.tly lower(below 10 a.ima.s/ha.a.d 60 a.ima.s/ha.in 2003 a.d 2004 respectively,compa.ed to>100 a.ima.s/ha.in 2002 when ra.nfa.l wa. a.ove the sea.ona. a.era.e)(Fdf 2,13=9.092,pa.s va.ia.ions a.d Fdf_(12,15)=5.389,pa.ive a.nua. ra.nfa.l on popula.ion density).These densities were much lower tha. in the lowla.d sa.a.na. ha.ita.s in centra. a.d southwest Ta.za.ia.a.compa.ison between the fa.mla.d/fa.low mosa.c fields a.d a.ro-forestry a.ea. showed higher popula.ion densities in the former,which ha.e simila.ities to the preferred ha.ita.s in the lowla.d *** increa.ing a.unda.ce of *** in the Usa.ba.a.could ha.e some consequences:*** is ma.or pest a.d is involved in the pla.ue cycle in the western Usa.ba.a.*** na.a.ensis is a.so a.strong competitor a.d the impa.t on endemic rodent species,*** fla.opuncta.us a.d Pra.mys delectorum is unknown.

关键词： Ma.tomys popula.ion dyna.ics reproduction Ta.za.ia.

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Rela.ionship between sa.pling intensity a.d precision for estima.ing da.a.e to ma.ze ca.sed by rodents

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Integra.ive Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 131-135页

作者： Loth S.MULUNGU Rhodes H.Ma.UNDI a.ia.W.massawe Herwig LEIRS Pest Ma.a.ement Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania University of a.twerp Evolutionary Biology GroupAntwerpenBelgium Da.ish Pest Infesta.ion La.ora.ory University of AarhusDepartment of Integrated Pest ManagementKongens LyngbyDenmark

In this study we a.med to determine the rela.ionship between sa.pling intensity a.d precision for estima.ing rodentda.a.e. We used the systema.ic row sa.pling technique to provide da.a.to a.hieve precision a.d a.cura.y inestima.ions of rodent da.a.e in ma.ze fields a. the pla.ting a.d seedling sta.es. The a.tua. rodent da.a.e to ma.zein 15 fields, ea.h 0.5 ha.in size, in Morogoro, Ta.za.ia. wa. esta.lished a. the seedling sta.e. These da.a.were usedto simula.e the sa.pling intensities tha. would provide precision a.d a.cura.y. The va.ia.ions between estima.eswere plotted a.a.nst the sa.pling interva.s. The results of this study show tha. the rela.ionship between a.era.esta.da.dized va.ia.ces a.d sa.pling interva.s is linea.. The heterogeneous distribution of da.a.e in some plotsca.sed va.ia.ions in the a.cura.y of the estima.es between plots, but a.sa.pling interva. of five rows consistentlyproduced estima.es with a.va.ia.ce of less tha. 10%. We provide a.sta.da.d curve tha. will a.low a.decision to bema.e on the sa.pling intensity a. a.function of required precision using the systema.ic row sa.pling technique inma.ze fields.

关键词： rodents sa.pling interva. simula.ion sta.da.d curve systema.ic row sa.pling

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Peperomia.pellucida.L.) Kunth a.d eye disea.es: a.review on phytochemistry, pha.ma.ology a.d toxicology

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Journa. of Integra.ive Medicine 2022年第4期20卷 292-304页

作者： Kea. La. Ho Pha.k Ha. Yong Chee Woon Wa.g Uma. Ra.i Kuppusa.y Chek Tung Ngo Festo massawe Zhi Xia.g Ng School of Biosciences Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia43500 SelangorMalaysia School of Bioscience Faculty of MedicineBioscience and NursingMAHSA University42610 SelangorMalaysia Depa.tment of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineBioscience and NursingMAHSA University42610 SelangorMalaysia Depa.tment of Biomedica. Science Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Optima. Sunwa. Eye Specia.ist Centre Bandar Sunway46150 SelangorMalaysia

Peperomia.pellucida.L.) Kunth is a.medicina. pla.t used to ma.a.e infla.ma.ory illnesses such a. conjunctivitis, a.d ga.trointestina. a.d respira.ory tra.t disorders in tropica. a.d subtropica. ***, little is known a.out its pha.ma.ologica. mecha.ism of a.tion a.a.nst eye disea.es. This review a.ms to critica.ly discuss the phytochemistry, pha.ma.ology a.d toxicology of P. pellucida.a. well a. its roles in the trea.ment of ca.a.a.t, gla.coma.a.d dia.etic retinopa.hy. Recent developments in the uses of P. pellucida.for hea.thca.e a.d nutra.eutica. products by the pha.ma.eutica. industry a.e a.so covered in this review. For this review, a.litera.ure sea.ch wa. performed with PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder Schola. a.d Scopus da.a.a.es, using releva.t keywords. a.ong the va.ious phytochemica.s identified from P. pellucida. β-ca.yophyllene, ca.otol, dilla.iole, ella.ic a.id, pellucidin a. phytol a.d vitexin exhibit strong pha.ma.ologica. a.tivities within the mitogen-a.tiva.ed protein kina.e a.d nuclea. fa.tor-κB signa.ling pa.hwa.s in infla.ma.ory eye disea.es. The a.tihypertensive, a.ti-infla.ma.ory, a.tioxida.t,a.tihyperglycemic a.d a.ti-a.giogenic a.tivities displa.ed by P. pellucida.extra.ts in ma.y in vitro,in vivo a.d clinica. studies suggest its potentia. role in the ma.a.ement of infla.ma.ory eye disea.es.P. pellucida.extra.t wa. non-toxic a.a.nst norma. cell lines but displa.ed mild toxicity in a.ima. *** growing public interest in P. pellucida.ha. inspired the nutra.eutica. a.d pha.ma.eutica. industries to process the pla.t into hea.th products. a.though the potentia. pha.ma.ologica. mecha.isms a.a.nst eye disea.es ha.e been summa.ized, further studies of the intera.tions a.ong constituent phytochemica.s from P. pellucida.within va.ious signa.ling pa.hwa.s sha.l support the use of the pla.t a. a. a.terna.ive thera.eutic source.

关键词： Peperomia.pellucida Phytochemistry Pha.ma.ology Toxicology Ca.a.a.t Dia.etic retinopa.hy Gla.coma

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Tempora. Model for Dengue Disea.e with Trea.ment

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a.va.ces in Infectious Disea.es 2015年第1期5卷 21-36页

作者： La.rencia.Ndela.o massawe Estomih S. massawe Oluwole D. Ma.inde Ma.hema.ics Depa.tment University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Fa.ulty of Milita.y Science Stellenbosch University Saldanha South Africa

This pa.er exa.ines the effect of trea.ment of Dengue fever disea.e. a.non linea. ma.hema.ica. model for the problem is proposed a.d a.a.ysed qua.tita.ively using the sta.ility theory of the differentia. equa.ions. The results show tha. the disea.e-free equilibrium point is loca.ly a.dgloba.ly a.ymptotica.ly sta.le if the reproduction number (R0) is less tha. unity. The a.ditive compound ma.rices a.proa.h is used to show tha. the dengue fever model’s endemic equilibrium point is loca.ly a.ymptotica.ly sta.le when tra.e, determina.t a.d determina.t of second a.ditive compound ma.rix of the Ja.obia. ma.rix a.e a.l nega.ive. However, trea.ment will ha.e a.control of dengue fever disea.e. Numerica. simula.ion of the model is implemented to investiga.e the sensitivity of certa.n key pa.a.eters on the dengue fever disea.e with trea.ment.

关键词： Dengue Fever Disea.e Trea.ment of Dengue Fever Disea.e Equilibrium Sta.ility Reproduction Number Sensitivity Index

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Impa.t of contra.eptive hormones on the reproductive potentia. of ma.e a.d fema.e commensa. bla.k ra.s (Ra.tus ra.tus)

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Integra.ive Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 991-1001页

作者： Mwa.a.u SELEMa.I Rhodes H.Ma.UNDI a.ia.W.massawe Ginethon MHa.PHI Loth S.MULUNGU Steven R.BELMa.N Depa.tment of Wildlife Ma.a.ement Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Pest Ma.a.ement Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Na.ura. Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich KentUK

The bla.k ra. is considered one of the world’s top *** increa.ed restrictions on rodenticides,new a.terna.ives to ma.a.e ra.s a.e urgently *** on the use of contra.eptive hormones,levonorgestrel(LE),a.d quinestrol(QU),ha.e been eva.ua.ed a.a.nst some rodent species,a.d this resea.ch is theﬁrst study to a.sess these on bla.k *** were incorpora.ed into rodent ba.t a. 10 a.d 50 ppm concentra.ions singly a.d in combina.ion(EP-1).Groups of 10 a.ima.s of ea.h sex were fed the ba.ts over 7 *** ba.t consumption wa. observed with slight body ma.s *** dissection,it wa. observed tha. the uterus wa. in a.sta.e of edema.a.d ma.e reproductive orga.s weighed less with reduced sperm counts/*** 2 most promising ba.ts,50 ppm QU a.d EP-1,were used to a.sess impa.t on pregna.cy a.d litter *** wa. reduced from 70%success when both ma.es a.d fema.es consumed untrea.ed ba.t,down to 30%when ma.es ha. consumed contra.eptive ba.t but fema.es ha. not,a.d down to 0%when fema.es ha. consumed contra.eptive ba.t,rega.dless of whether they ha. pa.red with a.trea.ed or untrea.ed *** size in the untrea.ed pa.rs wa. 8 pups,but only 4 pups in those ca.es where the ma.e only ha. consumed the *** studies should investiga.e how long the effect la.ts a.d its *** studies a. the popula.ion level ma. a.so shed light on the pra.tica.ity of using contra.eptive ba.ts for bla.k ra.s in different ha.ita.s.

关键词： contra.eptive ba.t ecologica.ly ba.ed rodent ma.a.ement fertility control levonorgestrel quinestrol

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Understa.ding surgica. ca.e delivery in Sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica.a.cross-sectiona. a.a.ysis of surgica. volume,opera.ions,a.d fina.cing a. a.tertia.y referra. hospita. in rura. Ta.za.ia

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Globa. Hea.th Resea.ch a.d Policy 2019年第1期4卷 78-86页

作者： Pra.een Pa.l Ra.a.uru Muba.hir a.a.i Jusa.a.i Honest massawe Rogers Temu Neil Perry Sheth Center for Public Hea.th Initia.ives University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Depa.tment of Orthopa.dic Surgery Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CenterMoshiTanzania Depa.tment of Orthopa.dic Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Ba.kground:a.cess to surgica. ca.e in Low-a.d Middle-Income Countries(LMICs)such a. Ta.za.ia.is extremely *** Ta.za.ia.is served by a.single tertia.y referra. hospita.,Kilima.ja.o Christia. Medica. Centre(KCMC).The surgica. volumes,workflow,a.d pa.ment mecha.isms in this region ha.e not been *** these fa.tors is critica. in expa.ding a.cess to *** a.thors sought to eva.ua.e the opera.ions a.d fina.cing of the ma.n opera.ing thea.ers a. KCMC in Sub-Sa.a.a. ***:The 2018 ca.e volume a.d specia.ty distribution(genera.,orthopa.dic,a.d gynecology)in the ma.n opera.ing thea.ers a. KCMC wa. retrieved through retrospective review of opera.ing report *** workflow(*** a.d ca.celled ca.es,lengths of procedures,lengths of opera.ing da.s)a.d fina.cing da.a.pa.ient pa.ment methods)from the five KCMC opera.ing thea.er logs were retrospectively reviewed for the a.a.la.le fivemonth period of Ma.ch 2018 to July *** sta.istics a.d sta.istica. a.a.ysis were ***:In 2018,the ma.n opera.ing thea.ers a. KCMC performed 3817 tota. procedures,with elective procedures(2385)outnumbering emergency procedures(1432).Genera. surgery(1927)wa. the most opera.ed specia.ty,followed by orthopa.dics(1371)a.d gynecology(519).In the five-month subset a.a.ysis period,just 54.6%of pla.ned opera.ing da.s were fully *** were 238 ca.cella.ions(20.8%of pla.ned opera.ions).Time constra.nts(31.1%,74 ca.es)wa. the la.gest rea.on;la.k of pa.ient pa.ment a.counted for a. ma.y ca.cella.ions a. una.a.la.le equipment(6.3%,15 ca.es ea.h).Fina.cing for elective thea.er ca.es included insura.ce 45.5%(418 pa.ients),a.d ca.h 48.4%(445 pa.ients).Conclusion:While surgica. volume is high,there a.e non-physica. inefficiencies in the system tha. ca. be a.dressed to reduce ca.cella.ions a.d improve *** physica. resources is not enough to improve a.cess to ca.e in this region,a.d likely in ma.y LMIC set

关键词： Globa. hea.th systems Globa. surgery delivery Ca.a.ity building Universa. hea.th covera.e a.cess to hea.thca.e Low-a.d middle-income countries Fina.cing hea.thca.e Systems a.d opera.ions

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Does explora.ory beha.ior or a.tivity in a.wild mouse expla.n susceptibility to virus infection？

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 585-592页

作者： Bra. Va.DEN BROECKE Benny BORREMa.S Joa.him Ma.IEN Rhodes H. Ma.UNDI a.ia.W. massawe Herwig LEIRS Nelika.K. HUGHES Evolutiona.y Ecology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp 2610 Belgium Depa.tment of Ecology a.d Evolutiona.y Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA and Pest Ma.a.ement Center Sokoine University of Agriculture Chuo Kikuu Morogoro 3110 Tanzania

Explora.ion a.d a.tivity a.e often described a. tra.e-offs between the fitness benefits of ga.hering informa.ion a.d resources, a.d the potentia. costs of increa.ing exposure to preda.ors a.d pa.a. sites. More explora.ory individua.s a.e predicted to ha.e higher ra.es of pa.a.itism, but this rela.ionship ha. ra.ely been exa.ined for virus infections in wild popula.ions. Here, we used the multima.ma.e mouse Ma.tomys na.a.ensis to investiga.e the rela.ionship between explora.ion, a.tivity, a.d infection with Morogoro virus （MORV）. We cha.a.terized individua. explora.ory beha.- ior （open field a.d novel object tests） a.d a.tivity （tra. diversity）, a.d qua.tified the rela.ionship between these tra.ts a.d infection sta.us using linea. regression. We found tha. M. na.a.ensis expresses consistent individua. differences, or persona.ity types, in explora.ory beha.ior （repea.- a.ility of 0.30, 95% CI： 0.21-0.36）. In a.dition, we found a.significa.t contra.ting effect of a.e on ex- plora.ion a.d a.tivity where juveniles displa. higher explora.ion levels tha. a.ults, but lower field- a.tivity. There wa. however no sta.istica. evidence for a.beha.iora. syndrome between these 2 tra.ts. Contra.y to our expecta.ions, we found no correla.ion between MORV infection sta.us a.d explora.ory beha.ior or a.tivity, which suggests tha. these beha.iors ma. not increa.e exposure proba.ility to MORV infection. This would further imply tha. va.ia.ion in vira. infection between individua.s is not a.fected by between-individua. va.ia.ion in explora.ion a.d a.tivity.

关键词： a.ima. persona.ity a.ena.irus disea.e ecology explora.ion Ma.tomys na.a.ensis Morogoro virus.

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Regression Models of the Impa.t of Rockma.s a.d Bla.t Design Va.ia.ions on the Effectiveness of Iron Ore Surfa.e Bla.ting

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Engineering（科研） 2011年第1期3卷 55-62页

作者： a.tipa. Tha.ei Sa.a.i massawe Ka.im Ra.a.u Ba.uti 不详

The desired economics of ha.d rock surfa.e mining is ma.nly determined by the pa.a.eters of process design which minimize the overa.l cost per tonne of the rock mined in drilling, bla.ting, ha.dling a.d prima.y crushing in given rockma.s conditions. The most effective pa.a.eters of process design could be esta.lished ba.ed on the regression models of the cumula.ive influence of rockma.s a.d mine design pa.a.eters on the overa.l cost per tonne of the rock drilled, bla.ted, ha.dled a.d crushed. These models could be developed from the huge da.a.a.cumula.ed worldwide on the costs per tonne of ha.d rock surfa.e mining in drilling, bla.ting, ha.dling a.d prima.y crushing vs the pa.a.eters of rockma.s a.d mine design. This pa.er only dwelt on the development of regression models for oversize genera.ion, bla.thole productivity a.d bla.ting cost for iron ore surfa.e mines, whose da.a.is a.a.la.le. The SPSS sta.da.d sta.istica. correla.ion – regression a.a.ysis softwa.e wa. used in the a.a.ysis. Interpreta.ion of the models genera.ed shows tha. the individua. effects of the determina.t rockma.s a.d bla.t design pa.a.eters on oversize genera.ion, bla.thole productivity a.d bla.ting cost a.e a.l in complia.ce with the findings of other resea.chers a.d the theory of explosive rock fra.menta.ion a.d could be used for the estima.ion of oversize genera.ion, bla.thole productivity a.d bla.ting cost in rockma.s a.d bla.t design conditions simila. to those of the iron ore surfa.e mines exa.ined in this study. However, the regression models obta.ned here could not be used a.one for the optimiza.ion of bla.t design beca.se most of the determina.t pa.a.eters a.so ha.e conflicting effect on the other processes of drilling, ha.dling a.d prima.y crushing the bla.ted rock. a.so, the qua.ity a.d content of the regression models could be enha.ced further by increa.ing the content of rockma.s a.d bla.t design pa.a.eters a.d the volume of da.a.considered in the regression a.a.ysis.

关键词： Bla.ting Effectiveness Oversize genera.ion Bla.thole Productivity Bla.ting Cost Rockma.s Pa.a.eters Bla.t Design Pa.a.eters Regression Models

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