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An efficient Breast Cancer Detection Framework for Medical Diagnosis Applications

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1315-1334页

作者： Naglaa F.Soliman Naglaa S.Ali Mahmoud I.Aly Abeer D.Algarni Walid el-Shafai fathi e.abd el-sam.e Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia Department of electronics and Communications Faculty of EngineeringZagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt International Academy for engineering and Media Science October CityEgypt Department of electronics and electrical Communications Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt

Breast cancer is themost common type of cancer,and it is the reason for cancer death toll in women in recent *** diagnosis is essential to handle breast cancer patients for treatment at the right *** with mammography is the preferred examination for breast cancer,as it is available worldwide and ***-Aided Detection(CAD)systems are used to analyze medical images to detect breast cancer,*** death rate of cancer patients has decreased by detecting tumors early and having appropriate treatment after *** of mammogram images has four main steps:pre-processing,segmentation of the region of interest,feature extraction and classification of the images into normal or abnormal *** paper presents an efficient framework for processing of mammogram images and introduces an algorithm for segmentation of the images to detect *** pre-processing step of mammogram images includes removal of digitization noise using a 2D median filter,removal of artifacts using morphological operations,and contrast enhancement using a fuzzy enhancement *** proposed fuzzy image enhancement technique is analyzed and compared with conventional techniques based on an enhancement Measure(eMe)and local contrast *** comparison shows an outstanding performance of the proposed technique from the visual and numerical *** segmentation process is performed using Otsu’smultiple thresholding *** method segments the image regions into five classes with variable intensities using four *** effectiveness is measured based on visual quality of the segmentation output,as it gives details about the image and positions of *** performance of the proposed framework is measured using Dice coefficient,Hausdorff,and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)*** segmented tumor region with the proposed segmentation method is 81%of the ground truth region provided by an ***,the proposed framew

关键词： Breast cancer mammogram images CAD contrast enhancement fuzzy logic segmentation

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Non-canonical BRAF variants and rearrangements in hairy cell leukemia

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Oncology Research 2024年第9期32卷 1423-1427页

作者： STePHeN e.LANGABeeR Cancer Molecular Diagnostics St.James’s HospitalDublinD08 W9RTIreland

Hairy cell leukemia(HCL)is an uncommon mature B-cell malignancy characterized by a typical morphology,immunophenotype,and clinical *** vast majority of HCL patients harbor the canonical BRAF V600e mutation which has become a rationalized target of the subsequently deregulated RAS-RAF-MeK-MAPK signaling pathway in HCL patients who have relapsed or who are refractory to front-line ***,several HCL patients with a classical phenotype display non-canonical BRAF mutations or *** include sequence variants within alternative exons and an oncogenic fusion with the IGH *** must be taken in the molecular diagnostic work-up of patients with typical HCL but without the BRAF V600e to include investigation of these uncommon ***,functional characterization,and reporting of further such patients is likely to provide insights into the pathogenesis of HCL and enable rational selection of targeted inhibitors in such patients if required.

关键词： Hairy cell leukemia BRAF Molecular diagnostics Targeted therapy

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exploring the mass gap:Black holes in green pea galaxies

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期67卷 170-171页

作者： James e.Rhoads School of earth and Space exploration Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA

We know about black holes primarily on two mass scales(e.g.,see Figure 22 of ref.[1]).Supermassive black holes inhabit the centers of galaxies,where they sometimes power active galactic nuclei(AGN).Their populations can be probed through AGN surveys,tidal disruption event surveys,and(in the closest galaxies)stellar and gas dynamics in the innermost regions where the black hole dominates the gravitational potential.

关键词： galaxies tidal galactic

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An Improved Convolutional Neural Network Model for DNA Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5907-5927页

作者： Naglaa.F.Soliman samia M.abd-Alhalem Walid el-Shafai Salah eldin S.e.abdulrahman N.Ismaiel el-Sayed M.el-Rabaie Abeer D.Algarni fathi e.abd el-sam.e Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of electronics and electrical Communications engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenoufia32952Egypt Department of Computer Science and engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenoufia32952Egypt

Recently,deep learning(DL)became one of the essential tools in bioinformatics.A modified convolutional neural network(CNN)is employed in this paper for building an integratedmodel for deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)*** any CNN model,convolutional layers are used to extract features followed by max-pooling layers to reduce the dimensionality of features.A novel method based on downsampling and CNNs is introduced for feature *** downsampling is an improved form of the existing pooling layer to obtain better classification *** two-dimensional discrete transform(2D DT)and two-dimensional random projection(2D RP)methods are applied for *** convert the high-dimensional data to low-dimensional data and transform the data to the most significant feature ***,there are parameters which directly affect how a CNN model is *** this paper,some issues concerned with the training of CNNs have been *** CNNs are examined by changing some hyperparameters such as the learning rate,size of minibatch,and the number of *** and assessment of the performance of CNNs are carried out on 16S rRNA bacterial *** results indicate that the utilization of a CNN based on wavelet subsampling yields the best trade-off between processing time and accuracy with a learning rate equal to 0.0001,a size of minibatch equal to 64,and a number of epochs equal to 20.

关键词： DNA classification CNN downsampling hyperparameters DL 2D DT 2D RP

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Learning the optimal power flow:environment design matters

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energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 432-443页

作者： Thomas Wolgast Astrid Nieße Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Department of Computing ScienceDigitalized Energy SystemsAmmerländer Heerstraße 114-118Oldenburg26129Germany

To solve the optimal power flow(OPF)problem,reinforcement learning(RL)emerges as a promising new ***,the RL-OPF literature is strongly divided regarding the exact formulation of the OPF problem as an RL *** this work,we collect and implement diverse environment design decisions from the literature regarding training data,observation space,episode definition,and reward function *** an experimental analysis,we show the significant impact of these environment design options on RL-OPF training ***,we derive some first recommendations regarding the choice of these design *** created environment framework is fully open-source and can serve as a benchmark for future research in the RL-OPF field.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Optimal power flow environment design economic Dispatch Voltage control Reactive power market

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Influence of anodization conditions on deposition of Hydroxyapatite on α/β Ti alloys for Osseointegration: Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年

作者： Rania e.Hammam engie M.Safwat Soha A.abdel-Gawad Madiha Shoeib Shimaa el-Hadad Faculty of engineering， Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI) Restorative and Dental Materials Department， National Research Centre Giza Chemistry Department， Faculty of Science， Cairo University Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute P.O.87

Integrating titanium-based implants with the surrounding bone tissue remains challenging. This study aims to explore the impact of different anodization voltages （20-80V） on the surface topography of two-phase （α/β） Ti alloys and to produce TiO2films with enhanced bone formation abilities. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy （SeM-eDS） and atomic force microscopy （AFM） were applied to investigate the morphological， chemical， and surface topography of the prepared alloys and to confirm the growth of hydroxyapatite （HA） on their surfaces. Results disclosed that the surface roughness of TiO2films formed on Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys was superior to that of Ti–6Al–4V alloys. Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy anodized at 80 V had the highest yields of HA after immersion in SBF with enhanced HA surface coverage. The developed HA layer had a mean thickness of 128.38 ± 18.13 μm， suggesting its potential use as an orthopedic implantable material due to its promising bone integration and， hence， remarkable stability inside the human body.

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Integrated Zoology calls for papers:special issue on wildlife diseases and parasitology

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 424-425页

作者： Nubia e.MATTA Wenhua XIONG Department of Biology Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotaColombia International Society of Zoological Sciences BeijingChina Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The VI International Conference on Malaria and Other Blood Parasites of Wildlife and the III International Symposium of the Wildlife Diseases Research Network are scheduled to be held in Medellín,Colombia,from November 26 to 30 of 2024(https://***/lLW79).It will be hosted by the University of Antioquia’s Department of Biology and the Universidad Nacional de Colombia Department of Biology.

关键词： Blood Malaria diseases

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Optimization of Random Feature Method in the High-Precision Regime

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1490-1517页

作者： Jingrun Chen Weinan e Yifei Sun School of Mathematical Sciences and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research Suzhou 215006JiangsuChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Center for Machine Learning Research and School of Mathematical Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China AI for Science Institute Beijing 100084China School of Mathematical Sciences Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006JiangsuChina

Machine learning has been widely used for solving partial differential equations(PDes)in recent years,among which the random feature method(RFM)exhibits spectral accuracy and can compete with traditional solvers in terms of both accuracy and ***,the optimization problem in the RFM is more difficult to solve than those that arise in traditional *** the broader machine-learning research,which frequently targets tasks within the low-precision regime,our study focuses on the high-precision regime crucial for solving *** this work,we study this problem from the following aspects:(i)we analyze the coeffcient matrix that arises in the RFM by studying the distribution of singular values;(ii)we investigate whether the continuous training causes the overfitting issue;(ii)we test direct and iterative methods as well as randomized methods for solving the optimization *** on these results,we find that direct methods are superior to other methods if memory is not an issue,while iterative methods typically have low accuracy and can be improved by preconditioning to some extent.

关键词： Random feature method(RFM) Partial differential equation(PDe) Least-squares problem Direct method Iterative method

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Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 134-143页

作者： Sebastian A.Wellford e.Ashley Moseman Department of Integrative Immunobiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract,yet the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized the importance of the olfactory mucosa as an immune *** in the nasal passages,the olfactory mucosa is directly exposed to the environment to sense airborne odorants;however,this also means it can serve as a direct route of entry from the outside world into the *** a result,olfactotropic infections can have serious consequences,including dysfunction of the olfactory system,CNS invasion,dissemination to the lower respiratory tract,and transmission between *** research has shown that a distinctive immune response is needed to protect this neuronal and mucosal tissue.A better understanding of innate,adaptive,and structural immune barriers in the olfactory mucosa is needed to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines against olfactotropic microbes such as ***,we summarize the ramifications of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the olfactory mucosa,review the subsequent immune response,and discuss important areas of future research for olfactory immunity to infectious disease.

关键词： Mucosal immunology Neuroimmunology Infectious Disease Sars-CoV-2

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Human dental pulp stem/stromal cells in clinical practice

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第2期16卷 54-57页

作者： Mohammed e Grawish Department of Oral Biology Faculty of DentistryMansoura UniversityMansoura 35561Egypt Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Oral and Dental MedicineDelta University for Science and TechnologyMansoura 11152Egypt

Dental pulp stem/stromal cells(DPSCs)are fibroblast-like,neural crest-derived,and multipotent cells that can differentiate into several *** are relatively easy to isolate from healthy and inflamed pulps,with little ethical concerns and can be successfully cryopreserved and *** therapeutic effects of DPSCs derived from animal or human sources have been extensively studied through in-vitro and in-vivo animal experiments and the findings indicated that DPSCs are effective not only for dental diseases but also for systemic *** that translational research is a critical step through which the fundamental scientific discoveries could be translated into applicable diagnostics and therapeutics that directly benefit humans,several clinical studies were carried out to generate evidence for the efficacy and safety of autogenous or allogeneic human DPSCs(hDPSCs)as a treatment modality for use in cell-based therapy,regenerative medicine/dentistry and tissue *** clinical medicine,hDPSCs were effective for treating acute ischemic stroke and human exfoliated deciduous teeth-conditioned medium(SHeD-CM)repaired vascular damage of the corpus cavernous,which is the main cause of erectile *** in clinical dentistry,autologous SHeD was able to rege-nerate necrotic dental pulp after implantation into injured teeth,and micrografts enriched with autologous hDPSCs and collagen sponge were considered a treatment option for human intrabony *** contrast,hDPSCs did not add a significant regenerative effect when they were used for the treatment of post-extraction ***-scale clinical studies across diverse populations are still lacking to provide robust evidence on the safety and efficacy of hDPSCs as a new treatment option for various human diseases including dental-related problems.

关键词： Dental pulp stem/stromal cells Human clinical studies Regenerative medicine Regenerative dentistry Cell-based therapy

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