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Prevalence of Adverse Drug Reactions to Second Line Anti Tuberculosis Drugs in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2021年第2期9卷 90-102页

作者： Abideen Adedayo Ganiyu Yohanna Kambai Avong Akinwumi Akinyede Olusoji Mayowa Ige Osman El tayeb fatai taleatu Ayobami Omayeka Victor Babawale Ibrahim Oreagba Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics and Toxicology College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Government Chest Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Human Virology of Nigeria (IHVN) Abuja Nigeria University of Technology Sydney Ultimo Australia University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Damien Foundation Belgium Nigeria Office Ibadan Nigeria National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTBLCP) Abuja Nigeria

Introduction: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is treated with second line antituberculosis drugs. These drugs are notorious for inflicting serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which many studies have shown causes a wide range of economic and health problems including death. Aim: The study examined the prevalence of ADRs, associated risk factors, socio-demographic association and outcomes among patients treated for MDR-TB at a comprehensive tuberculosis treatment center in Nigeria. Method: The study was conducted at the Government Chest Hospital, Jericho, Ibadan. We applied a retrospective assessment of patient treatment data and ADRs reports stored at the study site from March 2013 and February 2016. Subsequently, a prospective study of ADRs was conducted on patients admitted into the same hospital. Causality relationship between the drugs and the reported ADRs was determined with a specially validated tool. The outcomes assessed include recovery from the ADRs, death and permanent deafness from the ADRs. Extracted data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Risk Ratio was calculated for the influence of risk factors for adverse drug reactions. Logist

关键词： Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ADR Risk Factors Prevalence

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Screening of Rodents from Rural Communities of Lagos and Ogun State Nigeria of Lassa Virus RNA

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 120-130页

作者： fatai Sarafa Emmanuel Tochukwu Onyeje Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Olumuyiwa Babalola Salu Rosemary Ajuma Audu Sunday Aremu Omilabu Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Research Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology Central Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

Background: In recent times, there has been an increase in the number of Lassa fever cases resulting from the several episodes of Lassa fever epidemics ravaging Nigeria and other West African countries. The presence of Lassa virus in rodents other than the major reservoir (Mastomys natalensis) has been a public health concern as to the actual burden of the disease. It is therefore of a public health necessity to explore the LASV RNA habouring potential of several species of rodents in endemic as well as non-endemic areas for proper prevention of emergence of outbreaks in non-endemic areas. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of LASV RNA in different species of rodents in Ikorodu, Lagos state and Abeokuta, Ogun state. Methods: A total of ninety one (91) rodents were captured from Ikorodu, Lagos State (61 rodents) and Abeokuta, Ogun State (30 rodents), euthanized, bled, and plasma obtained for the detection of LASV RNA by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: A total of 91 rodents consisting of 77 Rattus rattus and 14 Crocidura spp. The S segment of LASV RNA was not in any of the 91 rodents’ plasma samples. Conclusion: The rodents captured within the rural communities of Ikorodu, Lagos State and Abeokuta, Ogun State were found not to habour the LASV RNA. This study is limited by the relatively small sample size. Similar studies should be encouraged both in endemic and non-endemic areas in order to understand the actual burden of Lassa fever as well as put into check future epidemics.

关键词： Lassa Virus Lassa Fever Mastomys natalensis Transmission Lagos State Ogun State

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Enhancing Cybersecurity through Cloud Computing Solutions in the United States

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Intelligent Information Management 2024年第4期16卷 176-193页

作者： Omolola F. Hassan Folorunsho O. fatai Oluwadare Aderibigbe Abdullah Oladoyin Akinde Tolulope Onasanya Mariam Adetoun Sanusi Oduwunmi Odukoya Department of Computer Science Austin Peay State University Clarksville USA Department of Computer Science North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro USA Department of Cybersecurity University of Texas Dallas USA Department of Information Systems East Tennessee State University Johnson City USA

This study investigates how cybersecurity can be enhanced through cloud computing solutions in the United States. The motive for this study is due to the rampant loss of data, breaches, and unauthorized access of internet criminals in the United States. The study adopted a survey research design, collecting data from 890 cloud professionals with relevant knowledge of cybersecurity and cloud computing. A machine learning approach was adopted, specifically a random forest classifier, an ensemble, and a decision tree model. Out of the features in the data, ten important features were selected using random forest feature importance, which helps to achieve the objective of the study. The study’s purpose is to enable organizations to develop suitable techniques to prevent cybercrime using random forest predictions as they relate to cloud services in the United States. The effectiveness of the models used is evaluated by utilizing validation matrices that include recall values, accuracy, and precision, in addition to F1 scores and confusion matrices. Based on evaluation scores (accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores) of 81.9%, 82.6%, and 82.1%, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the random forest model. It showed the importance of machine learning algorithms in preventing cybercrime and boosting security in the cloud environment. It recommends that other machine learning models be adopted to see how to improve cybersecurity through cloud computing.

关键词： Cybersecurity Cloud Computing Cloud Solutions Machine Learning Algorithm

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基于多元增量分析模型的流域电厂大数据采集监视

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计算技术与自动化 2024年第1期43卷 72-77页

作者：石发太孙卫军雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司四川成都610051

提出基于多元增量分析模型的流域电厂大数据采集监视方法,通过数据分析发现异常电厂大数据,保障流域电厂安全运行。数据采集层在PIC18F8722单片机控制下利用多种传感器获取采集对象层的多种流域电厂数据,经数据汇集层的弹性消息总线和... 详细信息

提出基于多元增量分析模型的流域电厂大数据采集监视方法,通过数据分析发现异常电厂大数据,保障流域电厂安全运行。数据采集层在PIC18F8722单片机控制下利用多种传感器获取采集对象层的多种流域电厂数据,经数据汇集层的弹性消息总线和转发代理,将采集数据传输至数据处理层数据接收模块,多元增量分析模型调用接收到的数据,通过增量的方式构建电厂数据矩阵正常检测模型,对比其与待检测数据,发现异常电厂大数据,并将异常检测结果族谱写入数据存储层数据库所对应的列簇里,通过前端展示层将监视结果呈现给用户。实验结果表明,该方法可精准、快速采集流域电厂海量数据,可有效发现流域电厂的异常数据,并将其可视化呈现,确保流域电厂安全运行。

关键词：多元增量分析流域电厂大数据采集监视异常检测弹性消息总线

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Cytotoxic, kinetics of inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes and oxidative stress mitigation by flavonoids roots extract of Dicoma anomala(Sond.)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： fatai Oladunni Balogun Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group Department of Plant Sciences University of the Free StateQwaQwa Campus Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group Department of Plant Sciences University of the Free State QwaQwa Campus

Objective: To investigate the free radical scavenging, antidiabetic, kinetics and cytotoxic potentials of flavonoids extract of Dicoma anomala root by using standard methods. Methods:Antioxidant activity of the flavonoids was investigated at scavenging free radicals such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical, reducing capabilities, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6) sulfonic acid as well as metal chelating capability at different concentrations(0.125-1.000 mg/mL) while the antidiabetic activity was evaluated via the inhibition and kinetics of carbohydrate digestive enzymes including, alpha glucosidase, sucrase and maltase. Brine shrimp lethality assay was also employed to examine the cytotoxic effects of the extract by using different range of concentrations(0.125-2.000 mg/mL). Results: The study revealed the best antioxidant activity of the extract in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6) sulfonic acid and nitric oxide having IC_(50) values of(386.90±4.91),(736.00±38.12),(629.30±9.62) μg/mL respectively compared with quercetin(standard) with IC_(50) [(522.20±12.38),(1 021.00±15.61) and(1 075.00±29.35) μg/mL]respective values while it was insignificantly(P>0.05) at par with quercetin for reducing power. Similarly, the extract exhibited a moderate inhibition of alpha glucosidase(43.1%),sucrase(33.4%) and maltase(29.9%) activities which were significantly(P<0.05) better than acarbose(18.4%, 12.7% and 24.9% respectively) although acarbose(46.1%) inhibited the higher activity of alpha amylase than the extract(13.7%). The kinetics of mode of inhibition of alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase, sucrase and maltase by flavonoids extract of Dicoma anomala revealed an uncompetitive, non-competitive, competitive and non-competitive inhibition respectively. The result of the lethality assay showed a potent cytotoxic effect of the flavonoids with LC_(50) value 0.510 mg/mL. Conclusions: The results obtained from this stud

关键词： Antioxidative Antihyperglycaemic Cytotoxic Dicoma anomala Flavonoids Kinetics

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Oxidative stress mitigation, kinetics of carbohydrate-enzymes inhibition and cytotoxic effects of flavonoids-rich leaf extract of Gazania krebsiana(Less.): An in vitro evaluation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第1期8卷 52-58页

作者： fatai Oladunni Balogun Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group Department of Plant Sciences University of the Free State Qwa Qwa Campus

Objective: To investigate the free radical scavenging, antidiabetic, kinetics of enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potentials of flavonoid-rich extract of Gazania krebsiana leaves using standard methods. Methods: Antioxidant activity of the flavonoids was investigated at scavenging free radicals such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical, reducing capabilities, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6) sulphonic acid as well as metal chelating capability at different concentrations(125-1 000 μg/m L) while the antidiabetic activity was evaluated via the inhibition and kinetics of carbohydrate digestive enzymes including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, sucrase and maltase. Brine shrimp lethality assay was also employed to examine the cytotoxic effects at various concentrations(125-2 000 μg/m L). Results: The study showed the best antioxidant activity in 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6) sulphonic acid, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and metal chelating with IC50 values of(1 089.00±19.29),(719.40±5.35),(633.10±5.31),(1 116.00±22.92) μg/m L, respectively; as compared with butylated hydroxyl anisole(standard) with IC50 of 1 166, 747, 639 and 1 363 μg/m L, respectively. Similarly, strong inhibition of α-glucosidase as well as moderate inhibition of sucrase and maltase enzyme activities which were significantly(P<0.05) better than acarbose were also observed in the study; though acarbose activity against α-amylase was better than the extract. The kinetics or mode of inhibition of α-amylase by the extract revealed an uncompetitive inhibition, competitive for α-glucosidase and non-competitive inhibitions for both sucrase and maltase, while the result of the lethality assay showed a potent cytotoxic effect with LC50 value of 359 μg/m L. Conclusions: The results obtained from this study are suggestive of the antioxidative, antidiabetic and cytotoxic potentials of flavonoid-rich extract of Gazania krebsiana.

关键词： Cytotoxicity Flavonoids Kinetics Lethality Radical scavenging

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Microbial enzyme systems for lignin degradation and their transcriptional regulation

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Frontiers in Biology 2014年第6期9卷 448-471页

作者： Takanori FURUKAWA fatai Olumide BELLO Louise HORSFALL School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JR UK

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable resource in nature and has received considerable attention as one of the most promising alternatives to oil resources for the provision of energy and certain raw materials. The phenolic polymer lignin is the second most abundant constituent of this biomass resource and has been shown to have the potential to be converted into industrially important aromatic chemicals after degradation. However, due to its chemical and structural nature, it exhibits high resistance toward mechanical, chemical, and biological degradation, and this causes a major obstacle for achieving efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. In nature, lignin-degrading microorganisms have evolved unique extracellular enzyme systems to decompose lignin using radical mediated oxidative reactions. These microorganisms produce a set of different combinations of enzymes with multiple isozymes and isoforms by responding to various environmental stimuli such as nutrient availability, oxygen concentration and temperature, which are thought to enable effective decomposition of the lignin in iignocellulosic biomass. In this review, we present an overview of the microbial ligninolytic enzyme systems including general molecular aspects, structural features, and systematic differences in each microorganism. We also describe the gene expression pattern and the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of each ligninolytic enzyme with current data.

关键词： lignocellulose biorefinery lignin degradation lignin peroxidases manganese peroxidases versatile peroxidases laccases

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Screening of Rodents from Rural Communities of Lagos and Ogun State Nigeria of Lassa Virus RNA

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology（医学微生物学） 2024年第2期 120页

作者： fatai Sarafa Emmanuel Tochukwu Onyeje Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Olumuyiwa Babalola Salu Rosemary Ajuma Audu Sunday Aremu Omilabu

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The importance of glutathione and phytochelatins on the selenite and arsenate detoxification in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 150-161页

作者： fatai Adigun Aborode Andrea Raab Matthias Voigt Leticia Malta Costa Eva M.Krupp Joerg Feldmann Trace Element Spedation Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB24 3UE Scotland UK Departamento de Quimica Uniuersidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG CEP： 31270-901 Brazil

We investigated the role of glutathione（GSH） and phytochelatins（PCs） on the detoxification of selenite using Arabidopsis thaliana. The wild-type（WT） of Arabidopsis thaliana and its mutants（glutathione deficient Cad 2–1 and phytochelatins deficient Cad 1–3） were separately exposed to varying concentrations of selenite and arsenate and jointly to both toxicants to determine their sensitivities. The results of the study revealed that, the mutants were about 20-fold more sensitive to arsenate than the WT, an indication that the GSH and PCs affect arsenate detoxification. On the contrary, the WT and both mutants showed a similar level of sensitivity to selenite, an indication that the GSH and PCs do not significantly affect selenite detoxification. However, the WT is about 8 times more sensitive to selenite than to arsenate, and the mutants were more resistant to selenite than arsenate by a factor of 2. This could not be explained by the accumulation of both elements in roots and shoots in exposure experiments. The co-exposure of the WT indicates a synergistic effect with regards to toxicity since selenite did not induce PCs but arsenic and selenium compete in their PC binding as revealed by speciation analysis of the root extracts using HPLC–ICP–MS/ESI–MS. In the absence of PCs an antagonistic effect has been detected which might suggest indirectly that the formation of Se glutathione complex prevent the formation of detrimental selenopeptides. This study, therefore, revealed that PC and GSH have only a subordinate role in the detoxification of selenite.

关键词： Toxicity Phytochelatins Glutathione Selenopeptides ICP–MS ESI–MS Arabidopsis thaliana

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基于流域电力生产数据中心的主设备故障诊断研究

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水力发电 2024年第5期50卷 110-116页

作者：卓康陈霄逸郑蔚宋琳莉张鹏石发太中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司四川成都610072 雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司四川成都610051

随着智能水电站、集控中心的发展,各流域水电开发公司建设了电力生产数据中心,构建了标准化、规范化的数据模型,打通了底层系统通道。在电力生产数据中心的基础上,构建统一的主设备监测数据模型,并为应对现有设备报警模式的缺陷,分析专... 详细信息

随着智能水电站、集控中心的发展,各流域水电开发公司建设了电力生产数据中心,构建了标准化、规范化的数据模型,打通了底层系统通道。在电力生产数据中心的基础上,构建统一的主设备监测数据模型,并为应对现有设备报警模式的缺陷,分析专家知识和智能诊断方式的优势,建立了电站主设备的综合诊断系统,提供了多层次、多角度地的诊断参考意见,对推进智能水电建设、集控发展有着重要的意义。最后,以某混流式发电机组运行工况数据为例,分析并验证了综合诊断模型的有效性。

关键词：流域梯级水电站电力生产数据中心智能集控特征提取主设备故障诊断

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