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Pre-oxidative catalytic treatment of toluidine blue with potassium permanganate in acidic solution

Frontiers of Chemistry in China 2011年第2期6卷 84-90页

作者： Rafia AZMAT faryal vali mohammed Tehseen AHMED Qurat-ul-Ain TANWIR Department of Chemistry University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan International Chemical and Biological Sciences Center H.E.J Reaseach Institute of ChemistryUniversity of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Department of Chemistry Jinnah University for WomenKarachi 74600Pakistan

This article describes the potential of KMnO4 for oxidation of the thiazine dye(Toluidine blue TB)in an acidic *** effect of different operational parameters like initial concentration of dye,potassium permanganate,pH,ionic strength,catalyst,acids and temperature were investigated spectrophotometrically at λ_(max)=613 *** results showed a complete removal of the TB with mineralization of the dye *** and complete decoloration was observed in the presence of monobasic acid(HCl)as compared to the H_(2)SO_(4) where little color removal was *** was found to be an effective catalyst in oxidation for complete and fast decolorization with *** significant change at elevated temperatures showed that an intermediate complex degraded with slight change in the ***/visible spectrophotometry and GC mass analysis showed an intermediate activated complex demethylated sulophooxide of TB which later on degraded into smaller fragments.

关键词： oxidation TB potassium permanganate decoloration Pb

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Chromatographic finger print analysis of anti-inflammatory active extract fractions of aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris by HPTLC technique

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第3期4卷 203-208页

作者： Mona Salih mohammed Mohamed Fahad Alajmi Perwez Alam Hassan Subki Khalid Abelkhalig Muddathir Mahmoud Wadah Jamal Ahmed Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of KhartoumSudan Department of Pharmacognosy College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh-11451P.O.Box.2457Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute National Council for ResearchKhartoumSudan

Objective:To develop HPTLC fingerprint profile of anti-inflammatory active extract fractions of Tribulus terrestris(family Zygophyllaceae).Methods:The anti-inflammatory activity was tested for the methanol and its fractions(chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous)and chloroform extract of Tribulus terrestris(aerial parts)by injecting different groups of rats(6 each)with carrageenan in hind paw and measuring the edema volume before and 1,2 and 3 h after carrageenan *** group received saline *** extracts treatment was injected *** doses of 200 mg/kg 1 h before carrageenan ***(30 mg/kg)was used as *** studies were carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat IV *** scanner *** 3,CAMAG ADC 2 and WIN CATS-4 software for the active fractions of chloroform fraction of methanol ***:The methanol extract showed good antiedematous effect with percentage of inhibition more than 72%,indicating its ability to inhibit the inflammatory *** methanol extract was re-dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water and fractionated with chloroform,ethyl acetate and *** four fractions(chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous)were subjected to anti-inflammatory *** fraction showed good anti-inflammatory activity at dose of 200 mg/*** fraction was then subjected to normal phase silica gel column chromatography and eluted with petroleum ether-chloroform,chloroform-ethyl acetate mixtures of increasing polarity which produced 15 fractions(F1-F15).Only fractions F1,F2,F4,F5,F7,F9,F11 and F14 were found to be active,hence these were analyzed with HPTLC to develop their finger print *** fractions showed different spots with different R_f ***:The different chloroform fractions F1,F2,F4,F5,F7,F9,F11 and F14 revealed 4,7,7,8,9,7,7 and 6 major spots,*** results obtained in this experiment strongly support and vali

关键词： Tribulus terrestris Finger print Anti-inflammatory Standardization HPTLC

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Modelling of Streamflow of a Catchment in Kenya

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第9期3卷 667-677页

作者： John P. O. Obiero mohammed A. Hassan Lawrence O. M. Gumbe 不详

Modeling stream flow forms a basis upon which policy makers, watershed planners and managers make ap- propriate decisions consistent with sustainable management of land and water resources in the watershed. The aim of this research is to provide a preliminary assessment of the performance of a complex watershed model in predicting stream flow on the Naro Moru river catchment in Ewaso Ng’iro river basin, Kenya. The research involved model input data preparation, model set up and test running, sensitivity analysis and cali- bration of the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Preliminary evaluation of the model performance involved the use of known quantitative evaluation statistics that included correlation coefficient, Nash Sut- cliffe efficiency (NSE), Deviation Volume (Dv) and a graphical technique for comparing observed and simu- lated flows. Initial model runs yielded poor daily flow simulations compared to monthly simulations. Poor daily simulation was attributed to differences in the timing of observed and simulated hydrographs. The model was calibrated for a three year period followed by a three year validation period based on monthly flows. Calibration results indicated an acceptable, but modest, agreement between observed and simulated monthly stream flows with a correlation coefficient (r) of about 0.7, NSE = 5%, and Dv= 61.7%. After vali- dation, the model performance was satisfactory with the coefficient of determination (R2 ≈ 0.6), Nash-Sut- cliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.51 and a deviation volume (Dv) value of 24.7%. The modest model performance was associated with input data deficiencies and model limitations. Even then, the results indicate that the model can possibly be adapted to the local conditions in the catchment for which it is being applied but with improvements involving better parameter calibration techniques, and collection of better quality data. Such a study may be used to predict the effect of climate change on river flows as well as t

关键词： Stream Flow Simulation Model Evaluation Prediction Calibration and validation

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