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Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction in Iran:Lessons and "Lessons Learned" from Three Large Earthquake Disasters——Tabas 1978,Rudbar 1990,and Bam 2003

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第4期6卷 415-427页

作者： Michaela Ibrion Mohammad Mokhtari farrokh nadim Department of Geography Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology ManagementNorwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU) National Center for Earthquake Prediction and Seismological Research International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology(IIEES) Natural Hazards Debris Slides and Geo RiskNorwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI)

This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together with their contributions over time towards earthquake disaster risk reduction in Iran. Many lessons from 1978 Tabas, 1990 Rudbar, and 2003 Bam did not become 'Lessons Learned' and they were identified again within the dramatic context of other earthquake disasters in various places of Iran. Both lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from Tabas, Rudbar, Bam,and other earthquake disasters in Iran require a sustainable long-term framework—an earthquake culture.

关键词： Bam Earthquake disaster risk reduction Lessons Lessons learned Rudbar Tabas

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Natural hazards in Nordic Countries

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 176-184页

作者： farrokh nadim Stig AsbjФrn Schack Pedersen Philipp Schmidt-Thome Freysteinn Sigmundsson Mats Engdahl International Centre for Geohazards Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NO-0806 Oslo Norway. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland DK-1350 Copenhagen K Denmark. Geological Survey of Finland FI-02151 Espoo Finland. Nordic Volcanological Centre Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland 101 Reykjavfk Iceland. Geological Survey of Sweden SE-751 28 Uppsala Sweden.

Compared to many areas of the world, the human losses caused by natural hazards are smaller in Nordic countries. This is mainly due:to the low population density in the exposed areas. However, the economic losses are significant and the geohazards picture varies among the countries. The predominant natural hazards in Nordic countries are floods, landslides, and, with the exception of Denmark, snow avalanche. Volcanoes and earthquakes are major geohazards in Iceland, and parts of Norway are susceptible to seismic activity. Slidetriggered tsunamis also represent a threat to parts of the coastal areas of Nordic countries and Greenland.

关键词：北欧地区自然灾害预防措施气候变换

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