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Facial Image-Based Autism Detection:A Comparative Study of Deep Neural Network Classifiers

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 105-126页

作者： Tayyaba farhat Sheeraz Akram Hatoon SAlSagri Zulfiqar Ali Awais Ahmad Arfan Jaffar Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology The Superior UniversityLahore54600Pakistan Intelligent Data Visual Computing Research(IDVCR) Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyThe Superior UniversityLahore54600Pakistan Information Systems Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh12571Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering(CSEE) University of EssexWivenhoe ParkColchesterCO43SQUK

Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant challenges in social interaction,communication,and repetitive *** and precise ASD detection is crucial,particularly in regions with limited diagnostic resources like *** study aims to conduct an extensive comparative analysis of various machine learning classifiers for ASD detection using facial images to identify an accurate and cost-effective solution tailored to the local *** research involves experimentation with VGG16 and MobileNet models,exploring different batch sizes,optimizers,and learning rate *** addition,the“Orange”machine learning tool is employed to evaluate classifier performance and automated image processing capabilities are utilized within the *** findings unequivocally establish VGG16 as the most effective classifier with a 5-fold cross-validation ***,VGG16,with a batch size of 2 and the Adam optimizer,trained for 100 epochs,achieves a remarkable validation accuracy of 99% and a testing accuracy of 87%.Furthermore,the model achieves an F1 score of 88%,precision of 85%,and recall of 90% on test *** validate the practical applicability of the VGG16 model with 5-fold cross-validation,the study conducts further testing on a dataset sourced fromautism centers in Pakistan,resulting in an accuracy rate of 85%.This reaffirms the model’s suitability for real-world ASD *** research offers valuable insights into classifier performance,emphasizing the potential of machine learning to deliver precise and accessible ASD diagnoses via facial image analysis.

关键词： Autism Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) disease segmentation features optimization deep learning models facial images classification

Refractory ulcerative colitis:Upadacitinib versus other biologics

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第31期12卷 6425-6427页

作者： Said G farhat Jessy G Fadel Department of Gastroenterology Research Saint George University of BeirutBeirut 00000Lebanon Dr.Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital Dubai 00000United Arab Emirates

In this editorial we comment on an article published in World Journal of Clinical Cases in 2024,in which a case of refractory ulcerative colitis(UC)was discussed based on the response to different lines of *** studies showed that different classes of biologics have their advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of refractory *** classes are superior to others and if tried earlier on would lead to a possible change in the outcome.

关键词： Refractory Ulcerative colitis Upadacitinib Ustekinumab Vedolizumab

Impact of Drain Effluent on Surficial Sediments in the Mediterranean Coastal Wetland: Sedimentological Characteristics and Metal Pollution Status at Lake Manzala, Egypt

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第4期18卷 834-848页

作者： farhat Hassan I. Geology Department Faculty of Science Suez University

Surface sediments were collected from Lake Manzala, the Mediterranean coastal wetland located to the east of the Nile Delta, Egypt, to assess the effect of drain effluent on the spatial variations of sedimentary characteristics and heavy metal pollution. Grain-size compositions, textures, and heavy metal distribution patterns in sediments are presented using GIS technique. Results of the analysis of the sediment showed a clear effect of drain effluent, with an increase in fine fractions and homogeneous suspensions in transportation mode. Lake sediments were dominated by sandy mud textures, and mode of transportation was homogeneous sus- pension and rolling. Spatial distribution of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb) was studied in the lake’s surficial sediments, along with their relationship to drain effluent and their contamination status in the ecological system. Heavy metal pollution status was assessed by means of accepted sediment quality guidelines and contamination assessment methods (contamination factor, con- tamination degree, modified contamination degree, geo-accumulation, and enrichment factor). Among the determined heavy metals, Pb had the most ecological risk. Generally, the heavy metals in the surface sediments indicated pollution risk ranging from moderate to considerable, particularly, in those sites facing drains and inlets that had the highest toxic effluent. The results were interpreted by statistical means. A cluster analysis defined areas facing drain discharge and inlets as separated groups. ANOVA indicated that most of the sedimentation and studied metals directed this clustering.

关键词： Lake Manzala Mediterranean wetland metal pollution sedimentological characteristics

Recent progress in structural modulation of metal nanomaterials for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction

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Rare Metals 2021年第6期40卷 1412-1430页

作者： Chen-Huai Yang farhat Nosheen Zhi-Cheng Zhang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin University&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin 300072China Department of Chemistry Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore 54660Pakistan

The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR)into value-added products presents an appealing approach to mitigate CO_(2) emission caused by excess consumption of fossil *** obtain high catalytic activity and selectivity toward target product in ECR,designing and developing a stable and efficient electrocatalyst is of significant *** date,metal nanomaterials have been widely applied as electrocatalysts for ECR due to their unique physicochemical *** structural modulation of metal nanomaterials is an attractive strategy to improve the catalytic *** this review,the recent progress of structural modulation,including size,facet,grain boundary,composition,interface,ligand modification,and crystal phase,is systematically summarized from both theoretical and experimental ***,the opportunities and perspectives of structural modulation of metal nanomaterials for ECR are proposed.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction Structural modulation Electrocatalysis Metal nanomaterial Crystal phase

Hydrodynamic mechanisms of aggressive collapse events in leading edge cavitation

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第1期32卷 6-19页

作者： Mohammad Hossein Arabnejad Ali Amini Mohamed farhat Rickard EBensow Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines EPFLLausanneSwitzerland

Transient cavities generated from unsteady leading-edge cavitation may undergo aggressive collapses which are responsible for cavitation *** this paper,we studied the hydrodynamic mechanisms of these events in the leading edge cavitation fonned over a modified NACA0009 hydrofoil using experimental and numerical *** the experimental investigation,high-speed visualization(HSV)and paint test are employed to study the behavior of the cavitating flow at σ=1.25,α=5°,U∞=20 m/*** the numerical part,the same cavitating flow is simulated using an inviscid density-based compressible solver with a barotropic cavitation *** numerical results are first compared with the experimental HSV to show that the simulation is able to reproduce the main features of the cavitating ***,as the compressible solver is capable of capturing the shock wave upon the collapse of cavities,the location of collapse events with high erosion potential are *** location of these collapse events are compared with the paint test results with a qualitatively good *** is clearly observed,in both the experiments and the numerical simulation,that there exists four distinct regions along the hydrofoil with higher risks of erosion:(1)A very narrow strip at the leading edge,(2)an area of accumulated collapses at around 60 percent of the sheet cavity maximum length,(3)an area around the closure line of the sheet cavity with the highest erosion damage,and(4)a wide area close to the trailing edge with dispersed collapse events.A combined analysis of the experimental and numerical results reveals that the small-scale structures generated by secondary shedding are more aggressive than the large-scale cloud cavities(primary shedding).It is also observed that the high risk of cavitation erosion in regions 2 and 3 is mainly due to the collapses of the small cavity structures that are formed around the sheet cavity closure line or the rolling cloud cavity.

关键词： Hydrodynamic mechanisms aggressive collapse events high-speed visualization(HSV) paint test compressible simulation of cavitating flows

Effects of blade aspect ratio and taper ratio on hovering performance of cycloidal rotor with large blade pitching amplitude

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第5期32卷 1121-1135页

作者： Yu HU Xuyang FU Hailang ZHANG Gengqi WANG Hussain farhat School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical University

In recent years, a lot of research work has been carried out on the cycloidal rotors. However, it lacks thorough understanding about the effects of the blade platform shape on the hover efficiency of the cycloidal rotor, and the knowledge of how to design the platform shape of the blades. This paper presents a numerical simulation model based on Unsteady ReynoldsAveraged Navier–Stokes equations(URANSs), which is further validated by the experimental results. The effects of blade aspect ratio and taper ratio are analyzed, which shows that the cycloidal rotors with the same chord length have quite similar performance even though the blade aspect ratio varies from a very small value to a large one. By comparing the cycloidal rotors with different taper ratios, it is found that the rotors with large blade taper ratio outperform those with small taper ratio. This is due to the fact that the blade with larger taper ratio has longer chord and hence better efficiency. The analysis results show that the unsteady aerodynamic effects due to blade pitching motion play a more important role in the efficiency than the blade platform shape. Therefore we should pay more attention to the blade airfoil and pitching motion than the blade platform *** main contributions of this paper include: the analysis of the effects of aspect ratio and taper ratio on the hover efficiency of cycloidal rotor based on both the experimental and numerical simulation results; the finding of the main influencing factors on the hover efficiency; the qualitative guidance on how to design the blade platform shape for cycloidal rotors.

关键词： Blade pitching motion Cyclocopter Cyclogyro Cycloidal rotor Dynamic stall

Effect of leading edge roughness on cavitation inception and development on thin hydrofoil

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排灌机械工程学报 2017年第11期35卷 921-926,940页

作者： TAO Ran XIAO Ruofu farhat Mohamed Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Net- work System China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China Laboratory for Hydraulic Ma- chines Ecole Polyteehnique Federale de Lausanne Lausanne 1007 Switzerland

The cavitation incipience and development of water flow over a thin hydrofoil placed in the test section of high-speed cavitation tunnel were *** with smooth and rough leading edge were tested for different upstream velocities and incidence *** observations clearly revealed that cavitation incipience is enhanced by roughness at incidence angle below 2°.This is in line with the former reports,according to whose roughness element decreases the wettability and traps a larger amount of *** a result,surface nucleation is enhanced with an increased risk of ***,for higher incidence angles(>3°),it was found that cavitation incipience is significantly delayed by roughness while developed cavitation is almost the same for both smooth and rough *** unexpected incipience delay is related to the change in the boundary layer structure due to *** was also reported a significant influence of roughness on the dynamic of developed cavitation and shedding of transient cavities.

关键词： cavitation inception surface roughness sheet cavitation cloud cavitation hydrofoil

A Robust MPP Tracker Based on Sliding Mode Control for a Photovoltaic Based Pumping System

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2017年第4期14卷 489-500页

作者： farhat Maissa Oscar Barambones Sbita Lassad Aymen Fleh Department of Electrical Electronics and Communications Engineering American University of Ras A1 Khaimah Ras AI Khaimah 10021 UAE Advanced Control Group Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz University of the Basque Country Bilbao Spain Electrical and Automatic Engineering Department Engineering School of Gabes University of Gabes Zrig Gabes 6029 Tunisia

In this paper, a mathematical model of the photovoltaic （PV） pumping system＇s main components is firstly established. Then, the design of maximum power point tracking （MPPT） stage that ensures battery charging is described. This work is motivated by the need of photovoltaic generator （PVG） that efficiently extracts maximum power. The PVG is a special source of energy which has nonlinear current-voltage characteristics depending on variations in temperature and solar irradiance. In order to achieve the MPPT operating goals, a special interest is focused on the variable structure sliding mode （SM） control strategy and the classic perturb and observe （P＆O） algorithm. The permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM） is selected as a pump driver. The field oriented control is performed as the motor drive strategy. Simulation results show a high level of efficiency, obtained with the proposed PV based pumping system. The performance comparison between SM controller and P＆O controller has been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the former in drawing more energy and a fast response against irradiation disturbances.

关键词： Photovoltaic (PV) pump storage battery boost sliding mode control (SMC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

Eukaryotic cell encystation and cancer cell dormancy:is a greater devil veiled in the details of a lesser evil?

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2015年第1期12卷 64-67页

作者： Abdul Mannan Baig Naveed Ahmed Khan farhat Abbas Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Aga Khan University

Cancer cell dormancy is the main cause of cancer recurrence and failure of therapy as dormant cells evade not only the anticancer drugs but also the host immune system. These dormant cells veil themselves from detection by imaging and/or using biomarkers, which imposes an additional problem in targeting such cells. A similar form of hibernation process known as encystation is studied in detail for pathogenic unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms. By examination using microarray gene expression profiles, immunocytochemistry tools, and siRNAs during the process of encystation, understanding the covert features of cancer cell dormancy as proposed could be possible. This knowledge can be extended to dormant cancer cells to uncover the mechanisms that underlie this ghost, yet dangerous state of human cancers. We propose a strategy to induce dormancy and exit this state by application of knowledge gained from the encystation induction and retrieval processes in pathogenic eukaryotic microorganisms. Given that early detection and characterization of dormant malignant tumor cells is important as a general strategy to monitor and prevent the development of overt metastatic disease, this homology may enable the design of therapies that could either awake the dormant cell from dormancy to make it available for therapies or prolong such a phase to make cancer appear as a chronic disease

关键词： Cancer cell dormancy cancer recurrence encystation metastasis