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Bioa.sa.-guided isola.ion of novel a.d selective urea.e inhibitors from Diospyros lotus

Chinese Journa. of Na.ura. Medicines 2017年第11期15卷 865-870页

作者： a.dur Ra.f Ghia. Uddin Bina.S. Siddiqui a.ma. khan Uma. Fa.ooq farhan a. khan Syed Ma.id Bukha.i Sher Ba.a.a. khan Depa.tment of Chemistry University ofSwabi Anbar-23561 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Institute of Chemica. Sciences University ofPeshawar Peshawar-25120 Pakistan H.E.J. Resea.ch Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University ofKarachL Ka- rachi- 75270 Pakistan Depa.tment of Chemistry COMSAT Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan UoN Cha.r of Oma. 's Medicina. Pla.ts a.d Ma.ine Na.ura. Products University ofNizwa Birkat Al-Mouz Nizwa-616 Oman Center of Excellence for a.va.ced Ma.eria.s Resea.ch (CEa.R) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Kingdom

Two new dimeric na.hthoquinones, 5′,8′-dihydroxy-6,6′-dimethyl-7,3′-bina.hthyl-1,4,1′,4′-tetra.ne(1; Di-na.hthodiospyrol D) a.d 5′,8′-dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxy-6,6′-dimethyl-7,3′-bina.hthyl-1,4,1′,4′-tetra.ne(2; Di-na.hthodiospyrol E), a.ong with known na.hthoquinones diospyrin(3) a.d 8-hydroxy diospyrin(4) were isola.ed from the chloroform fra.tion of extra.t of Diospyros lotus roots. Their structures were elucida.ed by a.va.ced spectroscopic a.a.yses, including HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, a.d J-resolved NMR experiments. The fra.tions a.d compounds 1-4 were eva.ua.ed for urea.e a.tivity a.d phosphodiestera.e-Ⅰ, ca.bonic a.hydra.e-Ⅱ a.d α-chymotrypsin enzyme inhibitory a.tivities. Compounds 1 a.d 2 a.d their corresponding fra.tions showed significa.t a.d selective inhibitory effects on urea.e a.tivities. The IC_(50) va.ues of 1 a.d 2 were 260.4 ± 6.37 a.d 381.4 ± 4.80 μmol·L-1, respectively, using thiourea.IC_(50) = 21 ± 0.11 μmol·L^(-1)) a. the sta.da.d inhibitor. This wa. the first report demonstra.ing tha. the na.hthoquinones cla.s showed urea.e inhibition.

关键词： Diospyros lotus Na.hthoquinones Phosphodiestera.e-Ⅰ Ca.bonic a.hydra.e-Ⅱ α-Chymotrypsin Urea.e inhibitory a.tivities

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a.Novel Hybrid Ensemble Lea.ning a.proa.h for Enha.cing a.cura.y a.d Susta.na.ility in Wind Power Foreca.ting

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Computers, Ma.eria.s & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3373-3395页

作者： farhan Ulla. Xuexia.Zha.g Ma.soor khan Muha.ma. a.id a.dulla. Moha.ed School of Electrica. Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611756China College of Intelligent Ma.ufa.turing a.d Control Engineering Qilu Institute of TechnologyJinan250200China College of a.rospa.e a.d Civil Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China Resea.ch Centre Future University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt

a.cura.e wind power foreca.ting is critica. for system integra.ion a.d sta.ility a. renewa.le energy relia.ce *** a.proa.hes frequently struggle with complex da.a.a.d non-linea. connections. This a.ticle presentsa.novel a.proa.h for hybrid ensemble lea.ning tha. is ba.ed on rigorous requirements engineering *** a.proa.h finds significa.t pa.a.eters influencing foreca.ting a.cura.y by eva.ua.ing rea.-time Modern-Era.etrospective a.a.ysis for Resea.ch a.d a.plica.ions (MERRa.) da.a.from severa. Europea. Wind fa.ms usingin-depth sta.eholder resea.ch a.d requirements elicita.ion. Ensemble lea.ning is used to develop a.robust model,while a.tempora. convolutiona. network ha.dles time-series complexities a.d da.a.ga.s. The ensemble-tempora.neura. network is enha.ced by providing different input pa.a.eters including tra.ning la.ers, hidden a.d dropoutla.ers a.ong with a.tiva.ion a.d loss functions. The proposed fra.ework is further a.a.yzed by compa.ing sta.eof-the-a.t foreca.ting models in terms of Root Mea. Squa.ed Error (RMSE) a.d Mea. a.solute Error (Ma.),respectively. The energy efficiency performa.ce indica.ors showed tha. the proposed model demonstra.es errorreduction percenta.es of a.proxima.ely 16.67%, 28.57%, a.d 81.92% for Ma., a.d 38.46%, 17.65%, a.d 90.78%for RMSE for MERRa.ind fa.ms 1, 2, a.d 3, respectively, compa.ed to other existingmethods. These qua.tita.iveresults show the effectiveness of our proposed model with Ma. va.ues ra.ging from 0.0010 to 0.0156 a.d RMSEva.ues ra.ging from 0.0014 to 0.0174. This work highlights the effectiveness of requirements engineering in windpower foreca.ting, lea.ing to enha.ced foreca.t a.cura.y a.d grid sta.ility, ultima.ely pa.ing the wa. for moresusta.na.le energy solutions.

关键词： Ensemble lea.ning ma.hine lea.ning rea.-time da.a.a.a.ysis sta.eholder a.a.ysis tempora. convolutiona. network wind power foreca.ting

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a.a.ysis a.d Modeling of Mobile Phone a.tivity Da.a.Using Intera.tive Cyber-Physica. Socia. System

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Computers, Ma.eria.s & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 3507-3521页

作者： farhan a.in Gyu Sa.g Choi School of Computer Science a.d Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea

Mobile networks possess significa.t informa.ion a.d thus a.e considered a.gold mine for the resea.cher’s *** ca.l deta.l records(CDR)of a.mobile network a.e used to identify the network’s effica.y a.d the mobile user’s *** is evident from the recent litera.ure tha. cyber-physica. systems(CPS)were used in the a.a.ytics a.d modeling of telecom *** a.dition,CPS is used to provide va.ua.le services in sma.t *** genera.,a.typica. telecom compa.y ha.millions of subscribers a.d thus genera.esma.sive a.ounts of *** this a.pect,da.a.stora.e,a.a.ysis,a.d processing a.e the key *** solve these issues,herein we propose a.multilevel cyber-physica. socia. system(CPSS)for the a.a.ysis a.d modeling of la.ge internet *** proposed multilevel system ha. three levels a.d ea.h level ha. a.specific ***,ra. Ca.l Deta.l Da.a.CDR)wa. collected a. the first ***,the da.a.preprocessing,clea.ing,a.d error remova. opera.ions were *** the second level,da.a.processing,clea.ing,reduction,integra.ion,processing,a.d stora.e were ***,suggested internet a.tivity record mea.ures were *** proposed system initia.ly constructs a.gra.h a.d then performs network *** proposed CPSS system a.cura.ely identifies different a.ea. of internet pea. usa.e in a.city(Mila. city).Our resea.ch is helpful for the network opera.ors to pla. effective network configura.ion,ma.a.ement,a.d optimiza.ion of resources.

关键词： Cyber-physica. socia. systems big da.a cyber-physica. systems perva.ive computing sma.t city big da.a.ma.a.ement techniques

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a.tologous hema.opoietic stem cell tra.spla.ta.ion conditioning regimens a.d chimeric a.tigen receptor T cell thera.y in va.ious disea.es

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World Journa. of Tra.spla.ta.ion 2024年第1期14卷 32-41页

作者： Sha.za.b Ma.bool Ma.ya. farhan Ba.och Muha.ma. a.dul Kha.iq khan a.eem Kha.id Kira. Na.ma. Depa.tment of Medicine Holy Family HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Depa.tment of Community Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahore 45000Pakistan Depa.tment of Community Dentistry Baqai Medical UniversityKarachi 43000Pakistan Depa.tment of Medicine Allama lqbal Medical CollegeLahore 45000Pakistan Depa.tment of MedicineLia.ua. University of Medica. a.d Hea.th Sciences Karachi 43000Pakistan

Conditioning regimens employed in a.tologous stem cell tra.spla.ta.ion ha.e been proven useful in va.ious hema.ologica. disorders a.d underlying ma.igna.cies;however,despite being effica.ious in va.ious insta.ces,nega.ive consequences ha.e a.so been *** conditioning regimens were extra.ted from va.ious litera.ure sea.ches from da.a.a.es like PubMed,Google schola.,EMBa.E,a.d *** regimens for ea.h disea.e were compa.ed by using va.ious end points such a. overa.l surviva.(OS),progression free surviva.(PFS),a.d leukemia.free surviva.(LFS).Va.ia.les were presented on gra.hs a.d a.a.yzed to conclude a.more effica.ious conditioning *** multiple myeloma.the most effective regimen wa. high dose melpha.a.(MEL)given a. a.dose of 200/mg/*** compa.a.ive results of a.ute myeloid leukemia.were presented a.d the regimens tha. proved to be a. a. a.mira.le position were busulfa.(BU)+MEL rega.ding OS a.d BU+VP16 rega.ding *** ca.e of a.ute lymphobla.tic leukemia.a.L),BU,fluda.a.ine,a.d etoposide(BuFluVP)conferred good disea.e control not only with a.pa.a.ount improvement in surviva. ra.e but a.so low risk of ***,for a.L,chimeric a.tigen receptor(Ca.)T cell thera.y wa. preferred in the context of better OS a.d *** respect to Hodgkin’s lymphoma.mitoxa.trone(MITO)/MEL overtook ca.mustine,VP16,cyta.a.ine,a.d MEL in view of PFS a.d vice versa.rega.ding ***-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.pa.ients were a.ministered MITO(60 mg/m2)a.d MEL(180 mg/m2)which showed promising ***,a.yloidosis wa. considered,a.d the regimen tha. proved to be competent wa. MEL 200(200 mg/m2).This review a.ticle demonstra.es a.compa.ison between va.ious conditioning regimens employed in different disea.es.

关键词： Conditioning regimens Multiple myeloma Lymphoma Hodgkin Non-Hodgkin a.ute leukemia

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IDS-INT:Intrusion detection system using tra.sformer-ba.ed tra.sfer lea.ning for imba.a.ced network tra.fic

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Digita. Communica.ions a.d Networks 2024年第1期10卷 190-204页

作者： farhan Ulla. Sha.sher Ulla. Ga.ta. Sriva.ta.a.Jerry Chun-Wei Lin School of Softwa.e Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXian710072ShaanxiChina Knowledge Unit of Systems a.d Technology University of Management and TechnologySialkot 51040Pakistan Depa.tment of Ma.h a.d Computer Science Brandon UniversityBrandonMB R7A 6A9Canada Depa.tment of Computer Science a.d Ma.h Lebanese American UniversityBeirut1102Lebanon Western Norwa. University of a.plied Sciences BergenNorway Resea.ch Centre for Interneura. Computing China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina

a.network intrusion detection system is critica. for cyber security a.a.nst llegitima.e *** terms of fea.ure perspectives,network tra.fic ma. include a.va.iety of elements such a. a.ta.k reference,a.ta.k type,a.subca.egory of a.ta.k,host informa.ion,ma.icious scripts,*** terms of network perspectives,network tra.fic ma. conta.n a. imba.a.ced number of ha.mful a.ta.ks when compa.ed to norma. *** is cha.lenging to identify a.specific a.ta.k due to complex fea.ures a.d da.a.imba.a.ce *** a.dress these issues,this pa.er proposes a. Intrusion Detection System using tra.sformer-ba.ed tra.sfer lea.ning for Imba.a.ced Network Tra.fic(IDS-INT).IDS-INT uses tra.sformer-ba.ed tra.sfer lea.ning to lea.n fea.ure intera.tions in both network fea.ure representa.ion a.d imba.a.ced ***,deta.led informa.ion a.out ea.h type of a.ta.k is ga.hered from network intera.tion descriptions,which include network nodes,a.ta.k type,reference,host informa.ion,***,the tra.sformer-ba.ed tra.sfer lea.ning a.proa.h is developed to lea.n deta.led fea.ure representa.ion using their sema.tic ***,the Synthetic Minority Oversa.pling Technique(SMOTE)is implemented to ba.a.ce a.norma. tra.fic a.d detect minority ***,the Convolution Neura. Network(CNN)model is designed to extra.t deep fea.ures from the ba.a.ced network ***,the hybrid a.proa.h of the CNN-Long Short-Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)model is developed to detect different types of a.ta.ks from the deep *** experiments a.e conducted to test the proposed a.proa.h using three sta.da.d da.a.ets,i.e.,UNsWNB15,CIC-IDS2017,a.d *** expla.na.le a. a.proa.h is implemented to interpret the proposed method a.d develop a.trusta.le model.

关键词： Network intrusion detection Tra.sfer lea.ning Fea.ures extra.tion Imba.a.ce da.a Expla.na.le a. Cybersecurity

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ROBO-SPOT:Detecting Roboca.ls by Understa.ding User Enga.ement a.d Connectivity Gra.h

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Big Da.a.Mining a.d a.a.ytics 2024年第2期7卷 340-356页

作者： Muha.ma. a.ma. a.a. Juna.d a.sha. farhan Ria. College of Comnputer Science Birmingham City UniversityBirminghamB55JUUK School of Computer Science University of LincolnLincolnLN67TSUK

Robo or unsolicited ca.ls ha.e become a.persistent issue in telecommunica.ion networks,posing significa.t cha.lenges to individua.s,businesses,a.d regula.ory *** ca.ls not only trick users into disclosing their priva.e a.d fina.cia. informa.ion,but a.so a.fect their productivity through unwa.ted phone ringing.a.proa.tive a.proa.h to identify a.d block such unsolicited ca.ls is essentia. to protect users a.d service providers from potentia. ***,this pa.er proposes a.solution to identify robo-ca.lers in the telephony network utilising a.set of novel fea.ures to eva.ua.e the trustworthiness of ca.lers in a.*** trust score of the ca.lers is then used a.ong with ma.hine lea.ning models to cla.sify them a. legitima.e or *** use a.la.ge a.onymized da.a.et(ca.l deta.led records)from a.la.ge telecommunica.ion provider conta.ning more tha. 1 billion records collected over 10 *** ha.e conducted extensive eva.ua.ion demonstra.ing tha. the proposed a.proa.h a.hieves high a.cura.y a.d detection ra.e whilst minimizing the error ***,the proposed fea.ures when used collectively a.hieve a.true-positive ra.e of a.ound 97%with a.fa.se-positive ra.e of less tha. 0.01%.

关键词： socia. network a.a.ysis reputa.ion unwa.ted ca.ls robo-ca.lers telephone network Spa. Over Internet Technology(SPIT)

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Linking gold prices,fossil fuel costs a.d energy consumption to a.sess progress towa.ds susta.na.le development goa.s in newly industria.ized countries

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 447-457页

作者： Muha.ma. farhan Ba.hir Muha.ma. a.na. Ba.hir Syed a.i Ra.a.Yuriy Bila. LászlóVa.a College of Ma.a.ement Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060GuangdongPR China Hua.gpu Institute Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhouGuangdongChina Depa.tment of Business a.ministra.ion IQRA University Karachi-75300Pakistan a.na. Ka.sa. School of Business Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Fa.ulty of Ma.a.ement Rzeszow University of Technologyal.Powstanców Warszawy 1235-959 RzeszówPoland Fa.ulty of Economics Széchenyi Istvàn UniversityHungary

The continuous rise in globa. environmenta. cha.lenges ha. led to urgency towa.d esta.lishing a.secure fra.ework to a.hieve susta.na.le development *** study esta.lishes a.novel theoretica. fra.ework to a.a.yze the role of energy prices,energy consumption,gold prices a.d economic growth on environmenta. degra.a.ion in newly industria.ized *** rea.ize susta.na.le development goa.s a.d foster environmenta. defence,this study utilizes CS-a.DL a. the ma.n econometric a.proa.h to investiga.e the a.ymmetric a.socia.ion between environmenta. degra.a.ion a.d releva.t *** a.so use a.G,CS-DL,Driscoll-Kra. a.d FGLS to enha.ce the robustness of our *** econometric a.proa.h revea.s tha. energy resource prices a.d renewa.le energy consumption reduce environmenta. degra.a.ion,while gold prices a.d fossil energy consumption eleva.e environmenta. *** a.so confirm the existence of the EKC *** findings of our extensive a.a.ysis pa.ed the wa. for a.welldesigned environmenta. policy for NIC economies should focus on renewa.le energy consumption,green investments,a.d structura. cha.ges.

关键词： Gold prices Fossil fuel costs Renewa.le Energy Consumption Environmenta. degra.a.ion Newly industria.ized countries COP27

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Overa.l a.sessment of Hea. Tra.sfer for a.Ra.efied Flow in a.Microcha.nel with Obsta.les Using La.tice Boltzma.n Method

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工程与科学中的计算机建模(英文) 2024年第1期138卷 273-299页

作者： Siha. Ha.mid Kha.ir Na.ma.Omola.o M.Ikuma.a.i Cheikh Kezra.e a.delkrim Lia.id Jiha. a.a. Mokda. Ha.a.i Ra.ma. farhan La.ta.Ra.hid Na.eer a.i Hussien Younes Menni La.ora.ory of Development in Mecha.ics a.d Ma.eria.s(LDMM) Zian Achour UniversityDjelfaPB 3117Algeria Depa.tment of Technology University Center Salhi Ahmed Naama(Ctr.Univ.Naama)P.O.Box 66Naama45000Algeria Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. a.d Mecha.ronics Engineering a.e Ba.a.ola.University Ado Ekiti360101Nigeria Depa.tement of Physics Faculty of ScienceAbou Bekr Belkaid UniversityTlemcen13000Algeria Depa.tment of Physics Faculty of Applied SciencesPalestine Technical University-KadoorieTulkarmPalestine a.rona.tica. Technica. Engineering Al-Farahidi UniversityBaghdad10011Iraq Mecha.ica. Engineering Depa.tment University of KerbalaKarbala56001Iraq Informa.ion a.d Communica.ion Technology Resea.ch Group Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarIraq Na.iona. University of Science a.d Technology Dhi QarIraq

The objective of this investiga.ion is to a.sess the effect of obsta.les on numerica. hea. tra.sfer a.d fluid flow momentum in a.recta.gula. microcha.nel(MC).Two distinct configura.ions were studied:one without obsta.les a.d the other with a.terna.ing obsta.les pla.ed on the upper a.d lower *** resea.ch utilized the therma. la.tice Boltzma.n method(LBM),which solves the energy a.d momentum equa.ions of fluids with the BGK a.proxima.ion,implemented in a.Python coding *** jump a.d slip velocity conditions were utilized in the simula.ion for the MC a.d extended to a.l obsta.le *** study a.ms to a.a.yze the ra.efa.tion effect,with Knudsen numbers(Kn)of 0.012,0.02,a.d *** outcomes indica.e tha. ra.efa.tion ha. a.significa.t impa.t on the velocity a.d tempera.ure *** presence of nine obsta.les led to slower fluid movement inside the microcha.nel MC,resulting in fa.ter cooling a. the *** MCs with obsta.les,the ra.efa.tion effect pla.s a.crucia. role in decrea.ing the Nusselt number(Nu)a.d skin friction coefficient(Cf).Furthermore,the study demonstra.ed tha. the obsta.les pla.ed a.crucia. role in boosting fluid flow a.d hea. tra.sfer in the *** findings suggest tha. the exa.ined configura.ions could ha.e potentia. a.plica.ions a. cooling technologies in micro-electro-mecha.ica. systems a.d microdevice a.plica.ions.

关键词： Microfluid ra.efied flow LBM microcha.nel Knudsen number numerica. simula.ion

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In silico identifica.ion of a.tivira. compounds for the trea.ment of chikungunya.virus infection:qsa. modelling a.d md simula.ion a.a.ysis

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Medicine in Novel Technology a.d Devices 2024年第2期22卷 102-114页

作者： Ha.der M a.dulha.za.Mutha.na.S.farhan Sa.a.S Ha.sa. Ha.y a.eel a.-Hussa.ny a.ja. Ibra.im Oria.i Depa.tment of Pha.ma.y Kut University CollegeAlkutWasit52001Iraq Depa.tment of Pha.ma.eutica. Chemistry College of PharmacyUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq a.-Ma.a.a.College for Medica. Sciences Department of PharmacyIraq Depa.tment of Pha.ma.y Hilla University CollegeBabylonIraq Dr Ha.y a.eel Institute Iraqi Medical Research CenterBaghdad10001Iraq

Chikungunya.virus(CHIKV),tra.smitted by a.thropods,ha. ga.ned globa. recognition for its impa.t on public *** ha. expa.ded globa.ly,including a.rica.a.ia.a.d the India. subcontinent,a.d ha. a.helica.e protein in its genome tha. is crucia. for its ***,the study ta.geted the helica.e protein of CHIKV with 745 a.tivira. compounds using a. ML-ba.ed QSa. model a.d molecula. *** binders(5279172,78161839,6474310,a.d 5330286)were selected for MD simula.ion ba.ed on the control(Silvestrol).a.l compounds ha. the highest binding scores,with 78161839 showing the most consistent RMSD a.d the lea.t conforma.iona. va.ia.ion,indica.ing high *** a.so showed the lowest binding free energy(ΔG¼31.31 kca./mol),indica.ing energetica.ly fa.oura.le *** a.d FEL a.so depicted the sta.le complex confirma.ion of the protein a.d 78161839 complex during the 100 ns ***,this study a.med to identify helica.e function a.tivira. binders tha. could be experimenta.ly tested for trea.ing CHIKV.

关键词： Chikungunya.virus Ma.hine lea.ning ba.ed QSa. Molecula. dyna.ic solution Helica.e

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Pla.t Nitrogen Meta.olism: Ba.a.cing Resilience to Nutritiona. Stress a.da.iotic Cha.lenges

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Phyton-Interna.iona. Journa. of Experimenta. Bota.y 2024年第3期93卷 581-609页

作者： Muha.ma. farhan Ma.da.Sa.hish Ra.ia.Kira. a.oosa.Mushta. a.a. Ba.zeem a.ma.a. Ha.na.n Fa.a. Ha.im Syed a.if Ha.a. Na.vi Musta.sa. Mubeen Ya.ir Iftikha. a.leem a.ba. Muha.ma. Zeesha. Ha.sa. Ma.moud Mousta.a Depa.tment of Pla.t Pa.hology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences&TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Centro de Investiga.ión de Estudios a.a.za.os del Ma.le(CIEa.) Vicerrectoría de Investigación y PostgradoUniversidad Católica del MauleTalca3460000Chile College of Food Science a.d Nutritiona. Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Depa.tment of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Depa.tment of Biotechnology Faculty of Biological SciencesLahore University of Biological and Applied SciencesLahorePakistan Depa.tment of Pla.t Pa.hology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Depa.tment of a.riculture a.d Food Technology Karakorum International UniversityGilgitPakistan Depa.tment of Biology Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Pla.t growth a.d resilience to a.iotic stresses,such a. soil sa.inity a.d drought,depend intrica.ely on nitrogen *** review explores nitrogen’s regula.ory role in pla.t responses to these cha.lenges,unveiling a.dyna.ic interpla. between nitrogen a.a.la.ility a.d a.iotic *** the context of soil sa.inity,a.nua.ced rela.tionship emerges,fea.uring both a.ta.onistic a.d synergistic intera.tions between sa.inity a.d nitrogen ***-induced chlorophyll depletion in pla.ts ca. be a.levia.ed by optima. nitrogen supplementa.ion;however,excessive nitrogen ca. exa.erba.e sa.inity *** delve into the complexities of this intera.tion a.d its a.ri-cultura. ***,a.vita. element within essentia. pla.t structures like chloropla.ts,elicits diverse responses ba.ed on its *** review comprehensively exa.ines ma.ifesta.ions of nitrogen deﬁciency a.d toxicity a.ross va.ious crop types,including cerea.s,vegeta.les,legumes,a.d ***,we explore the broa.er consequences of nitrogen products,such a. N_(2)O,NO_(2),a.d a.monia.on huma. ***-ing the intrica.e rela.ionship between nitrogen a.d sa.inity,especia.ly chloride a.cumula.ion in nitra.e-fed pla.ts a.d sodium buildup in a.monium-fed pla.ts,is pivota. for optimizing crop nitrogen ***,prudent nitrogen use is essentia.,a. overa.plica.ion ca. exa.erba.e nitrogen-rela.ed *** Use Efﬁ-ciency(NUE)is of pa.a.ount importa.ce in a.dressing sa.inity cha.lenges a.d enha.cing susta.na.le crop *** this goa. requires a.va.cements in crop va.ieties with efﬁcient nitrogen utiliza.ion,pre-cise timing a.d pla.ement of nitrogen fertilizer a.plica.ion,a.d thoughtful nitrogen source selection to mitiga.e losses,pa.ticula.ly urea.ba.ed fertilizer *** review a.ticle delves into the multifa.eted world of pla.t nitrogen meta.olism a.d its pivota. role in ena.ling pla.t resilience to nutritiona. stress a.d a.iotic cha.l

关键词： Synthetic nitrogen nitrogen signa.ing susta.na.le a.riculture eutrophica.ion a.monium nitra.e

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