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Geo-Spatial Assessment of Water Quality in Shigar Valley, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

Health 2022年第5期14卷 535-552页

作者： Syeda Urooj Fatima Moazzam Ali Khan Syed Shahid Shaukat Aamir Alamgir farhan siddiqui Nasir Sulman Institute of Environmental Studies University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Department of Special Education University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan

The current study attempted to evaluate the water quality in terms of physico-chemical properties, metals, and bacteriological characteristics of the surface water available in Shigar Valley located along Shigar River in sub-district Shigar of district Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan. A total of 17 water samples were collected during 2020 and analysed to perform multivariate analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Spatial distribution using inverse distance weight (IDW) interpolation was also utilised to determine the water quality in the valley to elucidate public health concerns. The study reveals that physico-chemical characteristics are the most important that affect water quality, followed by metals and bacteriological variables, according to a PCA application based on multivariate analysis. Examinations found that some of the metals including arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo) and all bacteriological parameters enlisting total coliform count (TCC), total faecal coliform (TFC), and total faecal streptococci (TFS) are not following the WHO guidelines that could be hazardous from the public health viewpoint. The IDW-based spatial distribution indicates that water samples have an intermittent and unusual distribution of observed parameters. Having considerable community settlements, people in the valley have limited options and have no choice except to consume the available water as no alternate source is available. People hardly question the water quality and rarely examine the water potability. The study also demonstrated that combining PCA with IDW would be a powerful method for assessing water quality. It is suggested that the sources of contamination be investigated further in detail to reduce the pollution load of the surface water in the valley, which could aid in the development of sustainable ecotourism.

关键词： Shigar Valley Physico-Chemical Metals Microbial PCA IDW

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Bioassay-guided isolation of novel and selective urease inhibitors from Diospyros lotus

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2017年第11期15卷 865-870页

作者： Abdur Rauf Ghias Uddin Bina S. siddiqui Ajmal Khan Umar Farooq farhan A. Khan Syed Majid Bukhari Sher Bahadar Khan Department of Chemistry University ofSwabi Anbar-23561 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Institute of Chemical Sciences University ofPeshawar Peshawar-25120 Pakistan H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University ofKarachL Ka- rachi- 75270 Pakistan Department of Chemistry COMSAT Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan UoN Chair of Oman 's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products University ofNizwa Birkat Al-Mouz Nizwa-616 Oman Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Kingdom

Two new dimeric naphthoquinones, 5′,8′-dihydroxy-6,6′-dimethyl-7,3′-binaphthyl-1,4,1′,4′-tetraone(1; Di-naphthodiospyrol D) and 5′,8′-dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxy-6,6′-dimethyl-7,3′-binaphthyl-1,4,1′,4′-tetraone(2; Di-naphthodiospyrol E), along with known naphthoquinones diospyrin(3) and 8-hydroxy diospyrin(4) were isolated from the chloroform fraction of extract of Diospyros lotus roots. Their structures were elucidated by advanced spectroscopic analyses, including HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, and J-resolved NMR experiments. The fractions and compounds 1-4 were evaluated for urease activity and phosphodiesterase-Ⅰ, carbonic anhydrase-Ⅱ and α-chymotrypsin enzyme inhibitory activities. Compounds 1 and 2 and their corresponding fractions showed significant and selective inhibitory effects on urease activities. The IC_(50) values of 1 and 2 were 260.4 ± 6.37 and 381.4 ± 4.80 μmol·L-1, respectively, using thiourea(IC_(50) = 21 ± 0.11 μmol·L^(-1)) as the standard inhibitor. This was the first report demonstrating that the naphthoquinones class showed urease inhibition.

关键词： Diospyros lotus Naphthoquinones Phosphodiesterase-Ⅰ Carbonic anhydrase-Ⅱ α-Chymotrypsin Urease inhibitory activities

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