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Developing strategy for rural transformation to alleviate poverty in Pakistan:Stylized facts from panel analysis

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第12期22卷 3610-3623页

作者： ABEDULLAH Shujaat FAROOQ farah naz Pakistan Institute of Development Economics(PIDE) Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Sustainable income growth and poverty reduction remain critical challenges at the forefront of research in Pakistan,particularly in rural *** overcome these challenges,the role of rural transformation(RT)has emerged and gained importance in recent *** present study is based on district-level data and covers the period from 1981 to *** study attempts to quantify the role of rural transformation in boosting rural per capita income and alleviating rural poverty in the *** study also aims to explore the impact of stages of rural transformation on rural per capita income and rural poverty *** empirical findings reveal that rural transformation(RT_(1)and RT_(2))is essential in enhancing rural per capita income and alleviating rural *** role of the share of high-value crops(RT_(1))is more pronounced than the share of non-farm employment(RT_(2))in boosting rural per capita income and poverty *** trend of larger contribution of RT_(1)to enhance rural per capita income also continued at 2nd stage of rural *** the case of poverty reduction,at 3rd stage of rural transformation,the role of RT_(2)is *** results indicate that districts at higher stages of rural transformation(both RT_(1)and RT_(2))tend to correlate positively with increased rural per capita income and reduced poverty rates,suggesting that progress in rural transformation is associated with improved economic ***,it is important to note that this correlation does not necessarily imply a direct causal relationship between rural transformation and these economic outcomes;other factors may have influenced this *** addition,the welfare impacts are more noticeable among the districts where a simultaneous shift from grain crops to cash crops and from farm employment to non-farm employment is *** study provides baseline information to learn experiences from fast-growing districts and to replicate the strategie

关键词： rural transformation rural income rural poverty agriculture panel analysis

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Temporal variations of mesozooplankton abundance and biomass in the mangrove creek area along the Karachi coast, Pakistan

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第12期33卷 222-230页

作者： farah naz Naureen Aziz Qureshi Noor Us Saher Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology University of Karachi Department of Zoology Government College University

The temporal variations of mesozooplankton abundance and biomass （1-Volumetric method by settling volume and displacement volume and 2- Gravimetric method through wet weight, dry weight and ash-free dry weight） with relation to environmental parameters were studied in the mangrove creek area of Karachi coast, Pakistan. The data of mesozooplankton samples along with environmental parameters （temperature, salinity, pH, etc.） were collected during January 1998 to December 1998 from two creek stations. The abun-dance of mesozooplankton also exhibited seasonal trends at both stations. At Sta. S2, the highest and low-est abundance values were observed during post-monsoon and southwest monsoon respectively whereas, at Sta. S1, a clear trend of high abundance in pre-monsoon to low abundance in southwest monsoon was observed. Mesozooplankton abundance was also positively correlated with settling volume, displacement volume, wet weight and dry weight. The highest biomass value was observed in the northeast monsoon and pre-monsoon periods. The results of the canonical analysis of the output from the discriminate function was tested. Out of fifteen variables, only one was significantly different in single character ratios dry weight/ash free-dry weight （F3,23=4.78,P＆lt;0.005）. The mesozooplankton community was collectively composed of 28 taxa. Among these groups, copepoda （66.3%）, gastropod larvae （9.94%）, evadne （4.60%）, zoea （3.60%）, cypris nauplii （2.56%）, lemellibranch larvae （1.87%）, chaetognaths （1.81%）, ostracods （1.73%）, lucifer （1.15%） and barnacles nauplii （1.35%） contributed the most to the similarities within Sta. S1, while copepoda （74.68%）, cypris nauplii （5.29%）, gastropods （4.87%）, barnacles nauplii （4.81%）, evadne （1.72%）, zoea （1.53%） and ca-ridean larvae （1.18%） at Sta. S2. The remaining mesozooplanktonic group were accounted for less than 5% and 6% at Sta. S1 and Sta. S2 respectively, of the total organisms. Similarity percentage （SIMPER） analysis revealed t

关键词： mesozooplankton abundance biomass Karachi Pakistan

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Effect of particle size distribution on magnetic behavior of nanoparticles with uniaxial anisotropy

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第9期27卷 572-576页

作者： S Rizwan Ali farah naz Humaira Akber M Naeem S Imran Ali S Abdul Basit M Sarim Sadaf Qaseem Department of Physics Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology University of Karachi Department of Computer Science Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology

The effect of particle size distribution on the field and temperature dependence of the hysteresis loop features like coercivity（HC）, remanence（MR）, and blocking temperature（TB） is simulated for an ensemble of single domain ferromagnetic nanoparticles with uniaxial anisotropy. Our simulations are based on the two-state model for T 〈 TB and the metropolis Monte-Carlo method for T 〉 TB. It is found that the increase in the grain size significantly enhances HC and TB. The presence of interparticle exchange interaction in the system suppresses HC but causes MRto significantly *** results show that the parameters associated with the particle size distribution（D（d,δ）） such as the mean particle size d and standard-deviation δ play key roles in the magnetic behavior of the system.

关键词： magnetic nanoparticles Monte Carlo simulations size distribution interparticle interaction hysteresis

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基于深度学习的SCRNA-SEQ分析和下游任务方法

基于深度学习的SCRNA-SEQ分析和下游任务方法

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作者： farah naz 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

活细胞构成大量生物实体之间相互作用的复杂系统。基因、转录产物、蛋白质、代谢物和物种以时间和空间控制的方式进行细胞过程。通常,这些相互作用及其参数不能通过实验直接测量。2013年标志着单细胞测序被公认为最有希望解决复杂生物... 详细信息

活细胞构成大量生物实体之间相互作用的复杂系统。基因、转录产物、蛋白质、代谢物和物种以时间和空间控制的方式进行细胞过程。通常,这些相互作用及其参数不能通过实验直接测量。2013年标志着单细胞测序被公认为最有希望解决复杂生物学研究问题的测序方法。从那时起,单细胞测序技术得到了进步,导致单细胞数据显著增加。然而,处理这些庞大而复杂的数据集的计算挑战增加了三倍。通常,单细胞测序技术需要设计一个建模方法,然后这些算法的适用性取决于用例,特别是问题的大小。一般来说,所有方法都受到生物测量中的噪声、与模型复杂性相关的稀缺数据以及非线性和组合行为的挑战。然而,所需的计算成本高的数值算法必须以计算有效的方式实现。通过将深度学习（DL）等人工智能（AI）方法与单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）技术提供的生物数据相结合,可以揭示细胞的潜在结构并更准确地预测细胞的有效亚群。然而,在涉及生物因素和技术噪音时,这种有说服力的技术是微妙的。由于各种原因,单细胞数据分析可能是计算密集型的,例如在数据中输入缺失值、对其进行去噪、考虑数据的零膨胀（ZI）特性,以及最具挑战性的是降维。除了传统的机器学习（ML）方法之外,深度学习（DL）被认为是单细胞分析的一个有竞争力的选择。深度生成方法可以从组学数据中学习底层结构,例如路径或基因系统。我们对此类分析技术进行了介绍和概述,特别说明了它们在单细胞表达数据中的用法。具体来说,在论文中,提出了深度学习（DL）模型的统一数学公式;变分自编码器（VAE）、自编码器（AE）和生成对抗网络（GAN）,比较它们的训练步骤和策略及其损失函数,还将这些模型类型的损失函数与单细胞RNA-seq数据处理步骤中的特定对象相联系。深度生成模型通过有效封装基因对之间的非线性依赖关系,帮助学习高维多组学和单组学数据的结构;由于它们基于神经网络（NN）的结构块,它们通常难以解释。论文的描述风格将有助于为分析管道的每个级别选择合适的算法。对最近建立的模型和技术的全面调查将作为一个有用的信息门户,用于了解深度学习（DL）在scRNA-seq分析中的应用,并激发其在多领域新兴挑战任务中的应用-组学和单细胞测序领域。关键点:1.单细胞RNA测序技术生成数百万个转录组图谱,允许对隐藏的表达功能结构或细胞类型进行生物学研究,更准确地预测它们的效果或对治疗的反应,或利用亚群来弥补研究空白。2.本研究检查了当前基于深度学习（DL）的单细胞数据分析算法所面临的挑战及其在分析管道中的作用。3.每项技术都对所调查的深度学习（DL）模型进行了数学解释,并对模型的特殊属性进行了讨论。4.还对每种技术都提供了对评估措施、比较算法和数据集的全面概述。5.最后,我们使用单细胞表达数据证明了在实际应用中概述的策略的适用性。6.我们提出了一个基于深度学习的管道,用于使用自编码器进行降维的单细胞RNA-seq下游分析。

关键词： scRNA-seq 深度学习自编码器降维生物信息学

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Modification of colorimetric method based digital soil test kit for determination of macronutrients in oil palm plantation

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 188-197页

作者： Muhammad Yamin Wan Ishak bin Wan Ismail Muhamad Saufi bin Mohd Kassim Samsuzana Binti Abd Aziz farah naz Akbar Redmond R.Shamshiri Muhammad Ibrahim Benjamin Mahns Department of Farm Machinery&Power Faculty of Agricultural Engineering&TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabad(38040)Pakistan Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Allied Health Sciences Sargodha Medical CollegeUniversity of Sargodha(40100)Pakistan Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Max-Eyth-Allee 10014469 Potsdam-BornimGermany Department of Environmental Sciences&Engineering Government College University Faisalabad(38000)Pakistan

It is the need of time that oil palm farmers must perform the spatially planned soil analysis to know about the fertilizer sufficient and deficient zones of *** method is a suitable and fast solution of soil analysis for NPK determination using the digital soil test *** determination procedure with a digital soil test kit was undefined for oil ***,the digital soil test kit determines the passage of light through an opaque medium of soil solution with a specified ***,environmental light may interfere leading to wrong results of NPK ***,this equipment was non-incorporable with the controller of any VRT fertilizer *** this research,these issues were addressed and the NPK measurement procedure was defined for oil palm plantation by modifying the‘soil to water’ratio in sample soil solution with an optimum environmental light range of 18-23 W/m^(2).‘Soil to water’ratios were found for nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium as 0.31 to 5.00,1.00 to 5.00 and 4.50 to 5.00,respectively to fit the requirement of NPK for oil palm in the prescribed range of the *** study of modified digital soil test kit showed that 91.7%N,89.6%P and 93.8%K results of modified digital soil test kit were matched with analytical laboratory ***,the reliability of NPK results using digital soil test kit was enhanced,making the kit incorporable with the controller of variable rate fertilizer applicator through remote monitoring based data acquisition *** outcome of this research can be used in the development of an IoT network data fusion for dynamic assessment of the NPK variation in the soil and nutrient management in oil palm plantations.

关键词： digital soil test kit variable rate fertilizer applicator oil palm NPK measurement data acquisition system colorimetric method

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Sorption Kinetics, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Modeling of Defluoridation of Ground Water Using Natural Adsorbents

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第5期4卷 221-228页

作者： Aamna Balouch Mazhar Kolachi farah naz Talpur Humaira Khan Muhammad I. Bhanger Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshore Pakistan Environmental Engineering & Management Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro Pakistan National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

The aim of study is to investigate the removal ability of some natural adsorbents for fluoride ion from aqueous solution. The batch dynamic adsorption method was carried out at neutral pH as the functions of contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, temperature and effect of co-anions, which are commonly present in water. The sorption kinetics and equilibrium adsorption isotherms of fluoride on natural adsorbing materials had been investigated at afore-mentioned optimized. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms, viz., Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were investigated. Lagergren and Morris-Weber kinetic equations were employed to find the rate constants. The negative enthalpy ΔH = -46.54 KJ·mol-1 and Gibbs free energy calculated was ΔG288-333—(2.07785, 3.08966, 4.1064, 4.90716 and 5.38036 KJ·mol-1) respectively, envisage exothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption.

关键词： Isotherm Kinetics and Thermodynamic Modeling Ground Water Natural Adsorbent Defluoridation

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Extraction of Fat and Fatty Acid Composition from Slaughterhouse Waste by Evaluating Conventional Analytical Methods

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第5期12卷 202-225页

作者： Ariba Khan farah naz Talpur Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger Syed Ghulam Musharraf Hassan Imran Afridi National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan

To attain maximum recovery of useful compounds from slaughterhouse waste (Suet, Tongue, Pancreas) of selected ruminant (cow, goat, lamb, and bull), the fat extraction efficiency of popular methods was compared along with fatty acid (FAs) composition. Four selected methods including Soxhlet (SOX), acid hydrolysis, Bligh & dyer (B&D), and Folch (FOL) were assessed. After methylation, extracted lipids were analyzed by Gas chromatography for FA composition. Data indicated that all selected methods were significantly (p < 0.05) different from each other, particularly higher differences were noticed for low lipid-containing products (Tongue, Pancreas) as well as their respective FA Composition. Based on Analysis of Variance and Principal component analysis, the effective method for lipid and FA Composition analysis was the FOL method. The Soxhlet method was only effective for samples with high-fat content i.e., suet, while the B&D method gave comparatively low lipid content in analyzed samples. Hence based on the results, excellent fat and fatty acid extraction was achieved with the FOL method.

关键词： Fatty Acid Slaughterhouse Waste Animal by-Products Extraction Methods Lipid Analysis Gas Chromatography

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Efficient Removal of Reactive Orange 107 Dye from Aqueous Media by Shrimp Shell Derived Chitosan Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018年第12期9卷 633-653页

作者： Tehreem Saba Fozia Minhas Muhammad Imran Malik farah naz Talpur Abdul Jabbar Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS) University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT) Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

In present work chitosan functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) were successfully prepared and investigated for the removal of Reactive Orange 107 dye (RO 107) from water. The chitosan was extracted from shrimp shells (Penaeus merguiensis) and was characterized by solubility test and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Degree of deacetylation of chitosan was examined by 1H-NMR and potentiometric titration method. Thereafter, the chitosan was used for synthesis of CMNPs. The synthesized CMNPs were characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Effects of various variables such as contact time, pH, stirring speed, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and concentration of electrolyte on extraction efficiency were evaluated. Freundlich isotherm model fits better that shows the removal of RO 107 with CMNPs by multilayer adsorption behaviour. Furthermore, kinetic study showed that adsorption process followed pseudo-second order kinetic model regulated by chemisorption. Thermodynamic analysis explained that adsorption of RO 107 onto CMNPs was endothermic as well as spontaneous. The developed CNMPs were applied to environmental remediation of spiked RO 107 treated waste water samples with 96.20% removal potential, hence, offered an effective sorbent for removal of RO 107 contaminated water samples.

关键词： Magnetic Nanoparticles Adsorption Chitosan Functionalization Anionic Dyes

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Late Intrauterine Foetal Death in a Tertiary Centre of Bangladesh

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第9期11卷 1093-1103页

作者： Most. Sabina Yeasmin M. Jalal Uddin Rajat Sanker Roy Biswas farah naz Mabud Nishat Anjum Nourin Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Chattogram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Chattogram Bangladesh Chattogram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Chattogram Bangladesh Chittagong Medical College Hospital Chattogram Bangladesh

Background: Late intrauterine foetal death (IUFD > 28 weeks) is a tragedy to mothers and family members. The first step to reduce IUFD is to obtain an accurate and detailed data for IUFD. The present study was done to identify the probable causes of foetal death and determine the risk of recurrence, prevention or corrective action. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital during a period of one year in Chattogram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical college, from January to December 2018, on all admitted pregnant women with intrauterine foetal death (>28 weeks). Detailed history, clinical examination, associated conditions, mode of delivery, foetal conditions, placenta, condition of cord and investigation reports were analyzed. Results: A total of 188 IUFD were reported amongst 8013 deliveries with its incidence 23.46/1000 live birth and recurrence rate 8.5%. Maximum (89.89%) occurred in

关键词： Intrauterine Foetal Death Antenatal Care Risk Factors Prevention Maternal Complications

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Interaction between Cadmium and Zinc Levels in the Biological Samples of Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Children, Reside in Different Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第6期12卷 241-259页

作者： Anjum Lashari Hassan Imran Afridi Tasneem Gul Kazi farah naz Talpur Jameel Ahmed Baig Ghulam Qadir Chanihoon Ghulam Mustafa Channa National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the familiar childhood immune-mediated onsets and can lead to early mortalities and morbidities. It can arise at any stage, but the peak of occurrence is reported less than 18 years of age. T1DM cases in Pakistan were less than 2% of the total diabetic population. The current work designed to assess the concentration of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in blood, scalp hair and serum samples of T1DM children, age ranged 1 - 14 years of both genders. For comparison purpose, the age-matched referent subjects of both genders were tested. The microwave-assisted acid digestion procedure was used to determine the elemental analysis in the biological samples of T1DM children and referent subjects. The resulted data of certified reference material of blood, scalp hair, and serum validated the certainty of the designed method. The analysis of Zn was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, while the Cd contents were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. T1DM affected children of both genders have lower Zn level in the blood, scalp hair, and serum samples. Whereas, the levels of Cd were found to be higher in the biological samples of T1DM affected children as compared to referent subjects. The finding of the current study is a significant hypothesis for medical experts, to diagnose the deficiency of essential (Zn) and toxicity of heavy/toxic element (Cd) in the biological specimen of T1DM affected children.

关键词： Zinc Cadmium Biological Samples Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Children

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