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aBIOTECH 2021年第2期2卷 156-169页

作者： Xiaoya Lin Chao Fang Baohui Liu fanjiang kong Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina

Flowering links vegetative growth and reproductive growth and involves the coordination of local environmental cues and plant genetic information.Appropriate timing of floral initiation and maturation in both wild and cultivated plants is important to their fitness and productivity in a given growth environment.The domestication of plants into crops,and later crop expansion and improvement,has often involved selection for early flowering.In this review,we analyze the basic rules for photoperiodic adaptation in several economically important and/or well-researched crop species.The ancestors of rice(Oryza sativa),maize(Zea mays),soybean(Glycine max),and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)are short-day plants whose photosensitivity was reduced or lost during domestication and expansion to high-latitude areas.Wheat(Triticum aestivum)and barley(Hordeum vulgare)are long-day crops whose photosensitivity is influenced by both latitude and vernalization type.Here,we summarize recent studies about where these crops were domesticated,how they adapted to photoperiodic conditions as their growing area expanded from domestication locations to modern cultivating regions,and how allelic variants of photoperiodic flowering genes were selected during this process.A deeper understanding of photoperiodic flowering in each crop will enable better molecular design and breeding of high-yielding cultivars suited to particular local environments.

关键词： Adaptation Photoperiodic flowering Crops Artificial selection

GmTOC1b negatively regulates resistance to Soybean mosaic virus

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The Crop Journal 2023年第6期11卷 1762-1773页

作者： Yuhang Zhang Haiping Du Tiantian Zhao Chunmei Liao Tu Feng Jun Qin Baohui Liu fanjiang kong Zhijun Che Liyu Chen Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene EditingInnovative Center of Molecular Genetics and EvolutionSchool of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-CenterHuang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of SoybeanMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Cereal and Oil CropsHebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang 050035HebeiChina School of Ecological Engineering Guizhou University of Engineering ScienceBijie 551700GuizhouChina School of Agriculture Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021NingxiaChina College of Life Science Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina

Soybean(Glycine max)is a major oil and feed crop worldwide.Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)is a globally occurring disease that severely reduces the yield and quality of soybean.Here,we characterized the role of the clock gene TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1b(GmTOC1b)in the resistance of soybean to SMV.Homozygous Gmtoc1b mutants exhibited increased tolerance to SMV strain SC3 due to the activation of programmed cell death triggered by a hypersensitive response.Transcriptome deep sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis suggested that GmTOC1b likely regulates the expression of target genes involved in the salicylic acid(SA)signaling pathway.GmTOC1b binds to the promoter of GmWRKY40,which encodes a protein that activates the expression of SA-mediated defense-related genes.Moreover,we revealed that the GmTOC1bH1 haplotype,which confers increased tolerance to SMV,was artificially selected in improved cultivars from the Northern and Huang-Huai regions of China.Our results therefore identify a previously unknown SMV resistance component that could be deployed in the molecular breeding of soybean to enhance SMV resistance.

关键词： GmTOC1b GmWRKY40 Soybean Soybean mosaic virus

Parallel selection of distinct Tof5 alleles drove the adaptation of cultivated and wild soybean to high latitudes

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Molecular Plant 2022年第2期15卷 308-321页

作者： Lidong Dong Qun Cheng Chao Fang Lingping kong Hui Yang Zhihong Hou Yongli Li Haiyang Nan Yuhang Zhang Qingshan Chen Chunbao Zhang Kun Kou Tong Su Lingshuang Wang Shichen Li Haiyang Li Xiaoya Lin Yang Tang Xiaohui Zhao Sijia Lu Baohui Liu fanjiang kong Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510405China College of Agriculture Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing 163000China Department of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150000China Soybean Research Institute National Engineering Research Center for SoybeanJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130033China National Center for Soybean Improvement National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design BreedingNortheast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesHarbin 150081China

Photoperiod responsiveness is a key factor limiting the geographic distribution of cultivated soybean and its wild ancestor.In particular,the genetic basis of the adaptation in wild soybean remains poorly understood.In this study,by combining whole-genome resequencing and genome-wide association studies we identified a novel locus,Time of Flowering 5(Tof5),which promotes flowering and enhances adaptation to high latitudes in both wild and cultivated soybean.By genomic,genetic and transgenic analyses we showed that Tof5 en-codes a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana FRUITFULL(FUL).Importantly,further analyses suggested that different alleles of Tof5 have undergone parallel selection.The Tof5H1 allele was strongly selected by humans after the early domestication of cultivated soybean,while Tof5H2 allele was naturally selected in wild soybean,and in each case facilitating adaptation to high latitudes.Moreover,we found that the key flowering repressor E1 suppresses the transcription of Tof5 by binding to its promoter.In turn,Tof5 physically associates with the promoters of two important FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT),FT2a and FT5a,to upregulate their transcription and promote flowering under long photoperiods.Collectively,ourfindings provide insights into how wild soybean adapted to high latitudes through natural selection and indicate that cultivated soybean underwent changes in the same gene but evolved a distinct allele that was artificially selected after domestication.

关键词： soybean wild natural selection artificially selection latitude adaptation flowering time

Molecular mechanisms for the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第6期63卷 981-994页

作者： Xiaoya Lin Baohui Liu James LWeller Jun Abe fanjiang kong Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesHarbin 150081China School of Natural Sciences University of TasmaniaHobartTasmania 7001Australia Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan

Photoperiodic flowering is one of the most important factors affecting regional adaptation and yield in soybean(Glycine max). Plant adaptation to long-day conditions at higher latitudes requires early flowering and a reduction or loss of photoperiod sensitivity;adaptation to short-day conditions at lower latitudes involves delayed flowering, which prolongs vegetative growth for maximum yield potential. Due to the influence of numerous major loci and quantitative trait loci(QTLs), soybean has broad adaptability across latitudes. Forward genetic approaches have uncovered the molecular basis for several of these major maturity genes and QTLs. Moreover, the molecular characterization of orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes has enriched our understanding of the photoperiodic flowering pathway in soybean. Building on early insights into the importance of the photoreceptor phytochrome A, several circadian clock components have been integrated into the genetic network controlling flowering in soybean: E1, a repressor of FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologs, plays a central role in this network. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in elucidating photoperiodic flowering in soybean, how it contributes to our fundamental understanding of flowering time control, and how this information could be used for molecular design and breeding of high-yielding soybean cultivars.

关键词： molecular-designed breeding photoperiodic flowering soybean

Perspectives on the Application of Genome-Editing Technologies in Crop Breeding

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Molecular Plant 2019年第8期12卷 1047-1059页

作者： Kai Hua Jinshan Zhang Jose Ramon Botella Changle Ma fanjiang kong Baohui Liu Jian-Kang Zhu Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China School of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Plant Stress School of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina School of Life Sciences Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Most conventional and modern crop-improvement methods exploit natural or artificially induced genetic variations and require laborious characterization of the progenies of multiple generations derived from time-consuming genetic crosses.Genome-editing systems,in contrast,provide the means to rapidly modify genomes in a precise and predictable way,making it possible to introduce improvements directly into elite varieties.Here,we describe the range of applications available to agricultural researchers using existing genome-editing tools.In addition to providing examples of genome-editing applications in crop breeding,we discuss the technical and social challenges faced by breeders using genome-editing tools for crop improvement.

关键词： genome editing crop breeding mutations base editing plants

Two soybean homologues of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 control flowering time under long day conditions

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The Crop Journal 2023年第3期11卷 704-712页

作者： Lingshuang Wang Chun Lin Bohui Li Tong Su Shichen Li Haiyang Li Fanglei He Chuanjie Gou Zheng Chen Yanan Wang Jun Qin Baohui Liu fanjiang kong Lin Yue Sijia Lu Chao Fang Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene EditingInnovative Center of Molecular Genetics and EvolutionSchool of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201YunnanChina National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement National Center for Soybean ImprovementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Institute of Cereal&Oil Crop Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesKey Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of HebeiShijiazhuang 050035HebeiChina

Flowering time is a key agronomic trait that directly affect the adaptation and yield of soybean.After whole genome duplications,about 75%of genes being represented by multiple copies in soybean.There are four TERMINAL FLOWER 1(TFL1)genes in soybean,and the TFL1b(Dt1)has been characterized as the determinant of stem growth habit.The function of other TFL1 homologs in soybean is still unclear.Here,we generated knockout mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology and found that the tfl1c/tfl1d double mutants flowered significantly earlier than wild-type plants.We investigated that TFL1c and TFL1d could physically interact with the b ZIP transcription factor FDc1 and bind to the promoter of APETALA1a(AP1a).RNA-seq and q RT-PCR analyses indicated that TFL1c and TFL1d repressed the expressions of the four AP1 homologs and delayed the flowering time in soybean.The two genes play important roles in the regulation of flowering time in soybean and mainly act as the flowering inhibitors under long-day conditions.Our results identify novel components in the flowering-time regulation network of soybean and will be invaluable for molecular breeding of improved soybean yield.

关键词： Soybean TFL1c TFL1d Flowering time

The nodulation and nyctinastic leaf movement is orchestrated by clock gene LHY in Medicago truncatula

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第12期62卷 1880-1894页

作者： Yiming kong Lu Han Xiu Liu Hongfeng Wang Lizhu Wen Xiaolin Yu Xiaodong Xu fanjiang kong Chunxiang Fu Kirankumar S.Mysore Jiangqi Wen Chuanen Zhou The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Life Sciences Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475001China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA

As sessile organisms,plants perceive,respond,and adapt to the environmental changes for optimal growth and survival.The plant growth and fitness are enhanced by circadian clocks through coordination of numerous biological events.In legume species,nitrogen-fixing root nodules were developed as the plant organs specialized for symbiotic transfer of ni-trogen between microsymbiont and host.Here,we report that the endogenous circadian rhythm in nodules is regulated by MtLHY in legume species Medicago truncatula.Loss of function of MtLHY leads to a reduction in the number of nodules formed,resulting in a diminished ability to assimilate nitrogen.The operation of the 24-h rhythm in shoot is further influenced by the availability of nitrogen produced by the nodules,leading to the irregulated nyctinastic leaf movement and reduced biomass in mtlhy mutants.These data shed new light on the roles of MtLHY in the orchestration of circadian oscillator in nodules and shoots,which provides a mechanistic link between nodulation,nitrogen assimilation,and clock function.

关键词： nodulation movement nodules

Soybean AP1 homologs control flowering time and plant height

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第12期62卷 1868-1879页

作者： Liyu Chen Haiyang Nan Lingping kong Lin Yue Hui Yang Qingsong Zhao Chao Fang Haiyang Li Qun Cheng Sijia Lu fanjiang kong Baohui Liu Lidong Dong Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei Institute of Cereal and Oil CropsHebei Academy of Agricultural and ForestrySciencesShijiazhuang 050000China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern CropProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210000China The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design BreedingNortheast Institute of Geography andAgroecologythe Chinese Academy of SciencesHarbin 150000China

Flowering time and plant height are key agronomic traits that directly affect soybean(Glycine max)yield.APETALA1(AP1)functions as a class A gene in the ABCE model for floral organ development,helping to specify carpel,stamen,petal,and sepal identities.There are four AP1 homologs in soybean,all of which are mainly expressed in the shoot apex.Here,we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology to generate a homozygous quadruple mutant,gmap1,with loss-of-function mutations in all four GmAP1 genes.Under short-day(SD)conditions,the gmap1 quadruple mutant exhibited delayed flowering,changes in flower morphology,and increased node number and internode length,resulting in plants that were taller than the wild type.Conversely,overexpression of GmAP1a resulted in early flowering and reduced plant height compared to the wild type under SD conditions.The gmap1 mutant and the overexpression lines also exhibited altered expression of several genes related to flowering and gibberellic acid metabolism,thereby providing insight into the role of GmAP1 in the regulatory networks controlling flowering time and plant height in soybean.Increased node number is the trait with the most promise for enhancing soybean pod number and grain yield.Therefore,the mutant alleles of the four AP1 homologs described here will be invaluable for molecular breeding of improved soybean yield.

关键词： soybean breeding height

DELLA and EDS1 Form a Feedback Regulatory Module to Fine-Tune Plant Growth-Defense Tradeoff in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2019年第11期12卷 1485-1498页

作者： Yuge Li Yuhua Yang Yilong Hu Hailun Liu Ming He Ziyin Yang fanjiang kong Xu Liu Xingliang Hou Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina Center of Economic Botany Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina School of Life Sciences Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Plants maintain a dynamic balance between growth and defense,and optimize allocation of resources for survival under constant pathogen infections.However,the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms,especially in response to biotrophic bacterial infection,remain elusive.Here,we demonstrate that DELLA proteins and EDS1,an essential resistance regulator,form a central module modulating plant growth-defense tradeoffs via direct interaction.When infected by Pst DC3000,EDS1 rapidly promotes salicylic acid(SA)biosynthesis and resistance-related gene expression to prime defense response,while pathogen infection stabilizes DELLA proteins RGA and RGL3 to restrict growth in a partially EDS1-dependent manner,which facilitates plants to develop resistance to pathogens.However,the increasingly accumulated DELLAs interact with EDS1 to suppress SA overproduction and excessive resistance response.Taken together,our findings reveal a DELLA-EDS1-mediated feedback regulatory loop by which plants maintain the subtle balance between growth and defense to avoid excessive growth or defense in response to constant biotrophic pathogen attack.

关键词： DELLA EDS1 Protein interaction Growth-defense tradeoff Arabidopsis

A recent retrotransposon insertion of J caused E6 locus facilitating soybean adaptation into low latitude

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第6期63卷 995-1003页

作者： Chao Fang Jun Liu Ting Zhang Tong Su Shichen Li Qun Cheng Lingping kong Xiaoming Li Tiantian Bu Haiyang Li Lidong Dong Sijia Lu fanjiang kong Baohui Liu Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design BreedingNortheast Institute of Geography and Agroecologythe Chinese Academy of SciencesHarbin 150000China Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement South China Botanical Gardenthe Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Soybean(Glycine max) is an important legume crop that was domesticated in temperate regions.Soybean varieties from these regions generally mature early and exhibit extremely low yield when grown under inductive short-day(SD) conditions at low latitudes. The long-juvenile(LJ) trait, which is characterized by delayed flowering and maturity,and improved yield under SD conditions, allowed the cultivation of soybean to expand to lower latitudes. Two major loci control the LJ trait: J and E6. In the current study, positional cloning, sequence analysis, and transgenic complementation confirmed that E6 is a novel allele of J, the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3). The mutant allele e6^(PG), which carries a Ty1/Copia-like retrotransposon insertion, does not suppress the legume-specific flowering repressor E1, allowing E1 to inhibit Flowering Locus T(FT) expression and thus delaying flowering and increasing yields under SD conditions. The e6^(PG)allele is a rare allele that has not been incorporated into modern breeding programs.The dysfunction of J might have greatly facilitated the adaptation of soybean to low latitudes. Our findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the LJ trait and provide valuable resources for soybean breeding.

关键词： E6 long-juvenile(LJ)trait J Ty1/copia-like retrotransposon