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Resistance of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda,to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1 F corn in the Americas:lessons and implications for Bt corn IRM in China

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Insect Science 2021年第3期28卷 574-589页

作者： fangneng huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA

The fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(***),is a major target pest of Bt crops(e.g.,corn,cotton,and soybean)in North and South *** pest has recently invaded Africa and Asia including China and the invasion has placed a great threat to the food security in many countries of these two *** to the extensive use of Bt crops,practical resistance of *** to Cry IF corn(TC 1507)with field control problems has widely occurred in Puerto Rico,Brazil,Argentina,and the mainland United *** data generated from decade-long studies showed that several factors might have contributed to the wide development of the *** factors include(1)limited modes of action of Bt proteins used in Bt crops;(2)cross-resistance among Cryl proteins;(3)use of nonhigh dose Bt crop traits;(4)that the resistance is complete on Bt corn plants;(5)abundant in initial Cry IF resistance alleles;and(6)lack of fitness costs/recessive fitness costs of the *** long-term use of Bt crop technology in the Americas suggests that Bt corn can be an effective tool for controlling *** in *** programs for Bt corn in China should be as simple as possible to be easily adopted by small-scale *** following aspects may be considered in its Bt corn IRM programs:(1)use of only"high dose^traits for both *** and stalk borers;(2)developing and implementing a combined resistance monitoring program;(3)use“gene pyramiding”as a primary IRM strategy;and(4)if possible,Bt corn may not be planted in the areas where *** *** and experience gained from the global long-term use of Bt crops should have values in improving IRM programs in the Americas,as well as for a sustainable use of Bt corn technology in China.

关键词： Bt corn CryIF fall armyworm resistance management

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风电不确定性输入下电力系统仿真的区间仿射算法

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电测与仪表 2024年第7期61卷 74-80页

作者：黄方能梅勇周剑庞学跃许琴中国南方电网电力调度控制中心广州510663 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司广州510663

大规模的风电机组并网改变了以同步发电机为主的传统电力系统的暂态特性,此外风电出力的随机性会影响电力系统的暂态稳定性。为此,文中提出了基于仿射算术的电力系统不确定性时域仿真算法,以考虑风电出力的波动性。在双馈风电机组机电... 详细信息

大规模的风电机组并网改变了以同步发电机为主的传统电力系统的暂态特性,此外风电出力的随机性会影响电力系统的暂态稳定性。为此,文中提出了基于仿射算术的电力系统不确定性时域仿真算法,以考虑风电出力的波动性。在双馈风电机组机电暂态模型的基础上,扩展电力系统机电暂态模型,建立考虑双馈风电机组输入功率波动下的电力系统机电暂态仿射模型,通过隐式梯形积分法将仿射模型转化为的仿射雅克比矩阵方程迭代求解。仿真结果表明,文中所提出的仿射方法在不假设输入不确定量概率分布的情况下,能够较蒙特卡洛仿真更快地获得电力系统暂态响应的区间边界。

关键词：风电不确定性区间暂态稳定性时域仿真仿射算术

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Effectiveness of spinosad against seven major storedgrain insects on corn

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Insect Science 2007年第3期14卷 225-230页

作者： fangneng huang BHADRIRAJU SUBRAMANYAM Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA

In January 2005, the United States Environmental Protection Agency registered spinosad as a stored grain protectant. No referenced data on the efficacy of spinosad on corn in suppressing major stored-grain insects have been published. In this paper, we evaluated the efficacy of spinosad against seven major stored-grain insects on shelled corn in the laboratory. Insect species tested were the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （Jacquelin duVal）; rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestesferrugineus （Stephens）; lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica （F.）; sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis （L.）; rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae （L.）; maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais （Motschulsky）; and Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella （Htibner）. Corn kernels were treated with spinosad at 0, 0. 1, 0.5, 1, and 2 active ingredient （a.i.） mg/kg for controlling the seven species. Beetle adults or P. interpunctella eggs were introduced into each container holding 100 g of untreated or insecticide-treated corn. The seven insect species survived well on the control treatment, produced 28 to 336 progeny, and caused significant kernel damage after 49 days. On spinosad-treated corn, adult mortality of C. ferrugineus, R. dominica, 0. surinamensis, S. oryzae, and S. zeamais was 〉 98% at 1 and 2 mg/kg after 12 days. Spinosad at≥ 0.5 mg/kg completely suppressed egg-to-larval survival after 21 days and egg-to-adult emergence of P. interpunctella after 49 days, whereas 16% T. castaneum adults survived at 1 mg/kg after 12 days. Spinosad at 1 or 2 mg/kg provided complete or near complete suppression of progeny production and kernel damage of all species after 49 days. Our results indicate that spinosad at the current labeled rate of 1 mg/kg is effective against the seven stored-grain insect pests on corn.

关键词： stored-grain insects spinosad efficacy assessment

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Detection and monitoring of insect resistance to transgenic Bt crops

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Insect Science 2006年第2期13卷 73-84页

作者： fangneng huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University AgCenter Baton Rouge Louisiana USA

Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） endotoxins havebecome one of the most important tools for managing corn and cotton insect pests in the US and other countries. The widespread adoption of transgenic Bt crops could place a high degree of selection pressure on the target insect populations and accelerate development of resistance, raising concerns about the long-term durability of Bt plants as an effective pest management tool. Conservation of Bt susceptibility in insects has become one of the most active research areas in modern agriculture. One of the key factors for a successful Bt resistance management plan is to have a cost-effective monitoring system that can provide information on. （i） the initial Bt resistance allele frequencies at low levels in field insect populations; and （ii） early shifts in Bt resistance allele frequencies so that proactive measures for managing resistance can be deployed well before field control failures. Developing such a monitoring program has been difficult because：（i） resistance traits that occur at very low frequencies are hard to detect; （ii） many factors affect the sensitivity and accuracy of a Bt resistance monitoring program; and （iii） monitoring resistance is costly. Several novel methods for detecting Bt resistance alleles developed during the last decade have made a cost-effective monitoring system possible. Future studies should focus on how to improve and standardize the methodologies for insect sampling and Bt resistance detection.

关键词： Bt resistance management resistance monitoring transgenic plants

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Lack of repellency of three commercial ultrasonic devices to the German cockroach （Blattodea： Blattellidae）

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Insect Science 2006年第1期13卷 61-66页

Three commercial ultrasonic devices （A, B, and C） were tested for their ability to repel the German cockroach, Blattella germanica （L.）（Blattodea： Blattellidae）, in Plexiglas enclosures. Device A generated peak frequencies at 26 kHz and 34 kHz, and produced a 95 ±1 dB sound pressure level （SPL） at 50 cm distance （0 dB = 20 log　10[20 μPa/ 20 μPa]）. Device B generated peak frequencies at 27 kHz and 35 kHz, and produced a 92 ± 4 dB SPL. Device C generated a wide range of frequencies between 28-42 kHz and produced an 88 ±2 dB SPL. Ultrasound from any of the three devices did not demonstrate sufficient repelling ability against the German cockroach in the tests. The result failed to provide evidence that ultrasonic technology could be used as an effective pest management tool to repel or eliminate the German cockroach.

关键词： Blattella germanica ultrasonic devices urban pest management

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Relative fitness of susceptible and Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-single-/dual-protein-resistant Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on non-Bt diet and a diet containing a low concentration of two proteins

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 398-410页

作者： Shucong Lin Graham Head Paula Price Ying Niu fangneng huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMissouriUSA

Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)is a destructive agricultural pest species that is targeted by both Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)maize and cotton in the United ***1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 are two Bt proteins expressed in a widely planted maize event MON *** this study,two tests(Test-Ⅰ and Test-Ⅱ)were conducted to evaluate the relative fitness of Bt-susceptible and-resistant *** on non-Bt diet(Test-Ⅰ and Test-Ⅱ)and a diet containing a mix of Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 at a low concentration(Test-Ⅱ only).Insect populations evaluated in Test-Ⅰ were two Bt-susceptible strains and three Bt-resistant strains(a single-protein Cry1A.105-,a single-protein Cry2Ab2-,and a dual-protein Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-resistant strains).Test-Ⅱ analyzed the same two susceptible strains,three backcrossed-and-reselected Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-single-/dual-protein-resistant strains,and three F1 heterozygous *** of life table parameters showed that neither the single-nor dual-protein Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 resistance in *** was associated with fitness costs under the test *** single Cry protein resistances at a concentration of a mix of Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 that resulted in a zero net reproductive rate for the two susceptible strains were functionally incomplete recessive or codominant,and the dual-protein resistance was completely *** lack of fitness costs could be a factor contributing to the rapid revolution of resistance to the Cry proteins in this *** generated from this study should aid our understanding of Cry protein resistance evolution and help in refining IRM programs for ***.

关键词： resistance management Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 fitness costs Helicoverpa zea low dose effect

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 241-250页

作者： Fei Yang Mao Chen Anilkumar Gowda David L. Kerns fangneng huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Monsanto Company Chesterfield Monsanto USA

The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis （E）, is a major maize borer pest and a target of transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） proteins in South America and the mid-southern region of the United States. Evolution of resistance in target pest populations is a great threat to the long-term efficacy of Bt crops. In this study, we compared the genetic basis of resistance to CrylAb protein in 3 resistant colonies of sugarcane borer established from field populations in Louisiana, USA. Responses of larvae to the CrylAb protein for the parental and 10 other cross colonies were assayed in a diet-incorporated bioassay. All 3 resistant colonies were highly resistant to the CrylAb protein with a resistance ratio of 〉 5 5 5.6 fold. No maternal effect or sex linkage was evident for the resistance in the 3 colonies; and the resistance was functionally nonrecessive at the CrylAb concentrations of 〈 3.16 μg/g, but it became recessive at 〉10μg/g. In an interstrain complementation test for allelism, the Fl progeny from crosses between any 2 of the 3 resistant colonies exhibited the similar resistance levels as their parental colonies, indicating that the 3 colonies most likely shared a locus of CrylAb resistance. Results generated from this study should provide useful information in developing effective strategies for managing Bt resistance in the insect.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis Diatraea saccharalis genetics interstrain comple-mentation test resistance

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Selection,effective dominance,and completeness of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第7期22卷 2151-2161页

作者： Tiago SILVA Ying NIU Tyler TOWLES Sebe BROWN Graham PHEAD Wade WALKER fangneng huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisiana 70817USA Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterWinnsboroLouisiana 71295USA Dean Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterAlexandriaLouisiana 71302USA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMissouri 63017USA

In the U.S.,Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)is a major pest targeted by both transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)*** of insect to Bt maize and cotton containing cry1A and cry2A genes has widely occurred in the *** this study,two trials were performed to investigate larval survival and development of a Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistant(VT2P-RR),a susceptible,and an F1 heterozygous(VT2P-RS)populations of *** on ears of nine Bt and three non-Bt maize *** Bt maize hybrids evaluated represent five common pyramided traits expressing two or three of the Cry1A.105,Cry1Ab,Cry1F,Cry2Ab2,and Vip3Aa20 *** the laboratory,neonates of the three *** populations were inoculated on silks of ears collected from maize at R1-R2 plant stages;and larval survivorship was checked 10 d after neonate *** three insect populations survived normally on non-Bt maize *** numbers of VT2P-RR and VT2P-RS survived on ears of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 maize,while all larvae of the three populations died or could not develop on ears of Vip3Aa20-expressing *** results demonstrated that the dual-protein resistant *** was not cross-resistant to Vip3Aa20-expressing maize,and thus traits with vip3Aa20 gene should be effective to manage Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-resistant *** resistance in VT2P-RR was determined to be incomplete on Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 *** effective dominance levels varied greatly,from recessive to incompletely dominant,depending on maize hybrids and trials,suggesting that proper selection of maize hybrids could be important for mitigating the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 *** data generated should aid in modeling multiple-protein Bt resistance in ***.

关键词： corn earworm Cry1A/Cry2A effective dominance incomplete resistance Bt maize resistance management

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Performance of Bt-susceptible and -heterozygous dual-gene resistant genotypes of Spodoptera frugiperda (***) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in seed blends of non-Bt and pyramided Bt maize

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1147-1158页

作者： Marcelo Dimase Sebe Brown Graham P.Head Paula A.Price Wade Walker Wenbo Yu fangneng huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA Dean Lee Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterAlexandriaLouisianaUSA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMissouriUSA Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterWinnsboroLouisianaUSA

A seed blend refuge has been implemented in the *** Belt for Bt maize resistance *** fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(***),is a target pest of Bt maize in the *** larvae of this pest are mobile,which may affect the efficacy of seed blend *** this study,field and greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the performance of Bt-susceptible(aabb)and-heterozygous dual-gene-resistant(AaBb)genotypes of *** in seed blends of non-Bt and pyramided Bt *** field trials evaluated larval survival,larval growth,and plant injury with aabb in seed blends of Bt maize expressing Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Vip3A with 0–30%non-Bt *** tests investigated the performance of aabb and AaBb in seed blends of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 with 0–30% non-Bt *** pure non-Bt maize plots,after 9–13 d of neonates being released on the plants,0.39 and 0.65 larvae/plant survived with leaf injury ratings of 4.7 and 5.9(Davis's 1–9 scale)in the field and greenhouse,*** contrast,live larvae and plant injury were virtually not observed on Bt plants across all planting *** occurrence and plant injury by aabb on non-Bt plants were similar between seed blends and pure non-Bt plantings,suggesting that the blended refuges could provide an equivalent susceptible population as structured refuge under the test *** the greenhouse,the two insect genotypes in seed blends performed similarly,indicating that the seed blends did not provide more favorable conditions for AaBb over *** information generated from this study should be useful in managing *** and evaluating if send blends could be suitable refuge options for Bt resistance management in the regions where the insect is a primary target pest.

关键词： Bt maize dual-gene resistance fall armyworm resistance management seed blend

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Susceptibility of field populations of sugarcane borer from non-Bt and Bt maize plants to five individual Cry toxins

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Insect Science 2012年第5期19卷 570-578页

作者： fangneng huang Mukti N. Ghimire B. Rogers Leonard Yu-Cheng Zhu Graham P. Head Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Winnsboro Louisiana Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center USDA-ARS Stoneville Mississippi Monsanto Company St. Louis Missouri USA

Sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis （E）, is a major target of transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） proteins in South America and the US mid- south region. Resistance development in target pest populations is a major threat to the sustainable use of Bt crops. In our field trials in 2009, a significant number of live borers and plant injury fi＇om D. saccharalis were observed in an experimental SmartStaxTM maize line. The objective of this study was to assess the relative susceptibility of two field popula- tions ofD. saccharalis collected from non-Bt and Bt maize plants containing SmartStaxTM traits to five individual Cry proteins. The five Bt proteins included two proteins （Cry 1A. 105 and Cry2Ab2） that were expressed in SmartStaxTM maize plants and three other common Bt proteins （Cry 1Aa, Cry 1Ab and Cry l Ac） that were not produced in SmartStaxTM. Larval mortality and growth inhibition on Bt diet of the fourth generation after field collections were evaluated 7 days after release of neonates on the diet surface. The laboratory bioassays showed that 50% lethal concentration （LCs0） values for CrylA. 105 and Cry2Ab2 for the population originated from Bt plants were 3.55- and 1.34-fold greater, respectively, than those of the population collected from non-Bt plants. In contrast, relative to the popula- tion from non-Bt plants, the LCs0 of the population sampled from Bt plants were 3.85-, 2.5- and 1.64-fold more sensitive to CrylAa, CrylAb and CrylAc, respectively. The re- sults did not provide clear evidence to conclude that the observed field survival of D. saccharalis on Bt plants was associated with increased levels of resistance.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis maize stalk borer susceptibility transgenic crops

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